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Does growing up with a sister rather than a brother affect personality? In this article, we provide a comprehensive analysis of the effects of siblings’ gender on adults’ personality, using data from 85,887 people from 12 large representative surveys covering nine countries (United States, United Kingdom, The Netherlands, Germany, Switzerland, Australia, Mexico, China, and Indonesia). We investigated the personality traits of risk tolerance, trust, patience, locus of control, and the Big Five. We found no meaningful causal effects of the gender of the next younger sibling and no associations with the gender of the next older sibling. Given the high statistical power and consistent results in the overall sample and relevant subsamples, our results suggest that siblings’ gender does not systematically affect personality.

The limbic system is hypothesized to play a critical role in pathophysiology of schizophrenia, with abnormalities thought to contribute to the expression of various aspects of the cognitive deficits and clinical symptoms. Psychosis is understood as highly heritable and family members, specifically non-affected siblings, while not displaying overt signs of the disorder, often exhibit features similar to those observed in patients, though to a lesser degree. The overarching aim of this project was to investigate the integrity of limbic circuitry in a sample of patients with schizophrenia and their non-affected siblings and examine its potential relationship with various clinical features of the illness. Cortical thickness of the entorhinal, parahippocampal, cingulate, and orbitofrontal cortices; as well as subcortical surface shape of the hippocampus and amygdala were the focus of this study. Findings from this study reveal relative similarity in limbic integrity between individuals with schizophrenia and theirnon-affected siblings, which are both disparate from healthy individuals. This suggests aspects of the neurobiological underpinnings of psychosis, particularly limbic regions, are genetically influenced regardless of symptom expression and are latent features in non-affected family members. Relationships between positive symptomatology and shape abnormalities of subcortical structures suggest a potential substrate for clinical characteristics in psychosis not evident in non-ill siblings.

Bakgrund: Varje år drabbas cirka 350 barn i Sverige av cancer, barnets vardag förändras till följd av sjukdom och behandling. Barnet kan vårdas på sjukhuset, i hemmet eller på hospice. I vårdandet av cancersjuka barn har sjuksköterskan en betydande uppgift genom att skapa trygghet och tillit. En familjecentrerad omvårdnad hjälper hela familjen att vara delaktig i vården. Syfte: Syftet med denna litteraturstudie var att beskriva föräldrar och syskons erfarenheter av vardagslivet när ett barn i familjen vårdas för cancer. Metod: Litteraturstudien baserades på tio kvalitativa empiriska studier. Data samlades in via PubMed och artiklarna analyserades med hjälp av Popenoe et al. (2021) dataanalysmetod. Huvudresultat: Resultatet visade att många föräldrar och syskon behövde stöd i vardagen. Information och stöd från sjuksköterskan gjorde vardagslivet hanterbart. Olika känslomässiga påfrestningar var en del av familjens vardagsliv. Oro, utanförskap, rädsla, sorg och maktlöshet var känslor som kunde uppkomma. Relationer och roller i vardagen förändrades under denna period och strategier för att hantera vardagen förekom. Syskonen tenderade att ta ett större ansvar i hemmet och över skolan medan föräldrarna belyste teamarbete som en viktig del av vardagen. Slutsats: Genom att ta del av föräldrar och syskons erfarenheter av vardagslivet när ett barn i familjen vårdas för cancer ökar förståelsen för deras känslor och stödets betydelse. Relationer, roller och rutiner i vardagslivet förändrades till följd av barnets cancerdiagnos. Sjuksköterskan bör vara lyhörd och ta hand om hela familjen med det sjuka barnet i fokus. / Background: In Sweden, approximately 350 children are diagnosed with cancer each year, which changes the child's daily life due to the disease and required treatments. The child in question may be cared for in a hospital, at home or in hospice care. When caring for children with cancer, nurses play a major role in building safety and confidence. Family-centered treatment helps the whole family participate in the treatment. Aim: The Aim of this literature review was to describe the daily life experiences of parents and siblings in the family's child's cancer treatment. Method: The literature study was based on ten qualitative empirical studies. Data were collected via PubMed, and the articles were analyzed using Popenoe et al. (2021) data analysis method. Main Result: The results showed that many parents and siblings needed support in their daily lives. Information and support from the nurse made daily life manageable. Various emotional stresses were part of the family's daily life. Worry, exclusion, fear, sorrow, and powerlessness were feelings that could arise. Relationships and roles in daily life changed during this period, and strategies for managing daily life occurred. Siblings tended to take greater responsibility at home and over school, while parents highlighted teamwork as an important part of daily life. Conclusion: By sharing the experiences of parents and siblings of everyday life when a child in the family is being treated for cancer, the understanding of their feelings and the significance of support is increased. Relationships, roles, and routines in daily life change as a result of the child's cancer diagnosis. The nurse should be attentive and take care of the entire family with the sick child in focus.