京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(農学) / 甲第21831号 / 農博第2344号 / 新制||農||1068(附属図書館) / 学位論文||H31||N5203(農学部図書室) / 京都大学大学院農学研究科地域環境科学専攻 / (主査)教授 平井 伸博, 准教授 赤松 美紀, 教授 縄田 栄治 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Agricultural Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

This thesis attempts to ascertain whether Upton Sinclair's Democratic nomination for governor of California in 1934 caused the resurgence of the Democratic Party in California, or whether his nomination was a product of that party's resurgence between 1928 and 1942. Given Sinclair's decision on the unsuitability of the Socialist Party, were his judgments that: (1) the Democratic Party was in resurgence and, (2) it was moving to the left, sound ones? To make these determinations the thesis investigates why Sinclair rushed to capture the Democratic nomination, exploring his methods and techniques and those used to defeat him. It also examines the reactions of the Democratic Party leaders of the right and left wings toward the Sinclair candidacy, and analyzes the primary and general.election returns -- citing differences and similarities between Northern and Southern California -- which predicate that Sinclair's decision was: (I) based on faulty judgement, and (2) based on an inaccurate appraisal of the position of the Democratic Party.

This thesis explores a contemporary literary movement that has been called ‘the new nature writing’, framing it in its wider historical and cultural context of the last forty years. Drawing on recent developments in cultural geography, it explores the way such terms as ‘landscape’ and ‘place’ have been engaged with and reinterpreted in a diverse project of literary re-mapping in the British and Irish archipelago. It argues that the rise of environmentalism since the late 1960s has changed and destabilised the way the British and Irish relate to the world around them. It is, however, concerned with challenging the term ‘nature writing’ and argues that the literature of landscape and place of the last forty years is not solely concerned with ‘nature’, a term that has come under some degree of scrutiny recently. It sets out an argument for reframing this movement as an ‘archipelagic literature’ in order to incorporate the question of community. In understanding the present uncertainties that pervade the questions around landscape and place today it also considers the effects of such political changes as the partial devolution of Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland on the British and Irish relationship to the land. The literature that it takes as its subject often explores the way personal and communal senses of identity have found a renewed focus in a critical localism in opposition to more footloose forms of globalisation. Through a careful negotiation of Marxist and phenomenological readings of landscape, it offers an overview of what is a considerable body of literature now and what is developing into one of the most consistent and defined literary movements of the twenty-first century.

Adipose tissue is an endocrine organ, and its homeostatic mechanisms in normal weight, overweight and obese subjects must be elucidated. We sought to determine the basal adipose tissue biology of visceral (VIF) and subcutaneous (SQF) fat depots in 8 month old Sinclair minipigs, an animal that has been shown to be physiologically similar to humans. Metabolic analysis showed a decrease in LDL, white blood cells (WBC), and lymphocyte percentages as the minipigs aged from 6 to 8 months (p <0.0001 and = 0.0046 and 0.0165 respectively). There were no significant changes in triglycerides, HDL, VLDL, and neutrophil percentages. There was a trend in insulin increase (P=0.0722). Microarray analysis was performed to determine transcriptome differences between VIF and SQF. When VIF was compared to SQF, expression of a total of 788 transcript ID’s differed: were 240 up-regulated and 548 down-regulated. Examples included hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2, fatty acid synthase, IL-18, and platelet factor 4 which were all up-regulated in VIF vs. SQF. The down-regulated transcripts included estrogen receptor 1, insulin-like growth factor binding protein 5, and platelet derived growth factor D. When SQF was compared to VIF, a total of 598 transcript IDs were up or down-regulated by more than a 2 fold difference (P<0.05). From this subset of the transcriptome, we found 471 IDs were up-regulated in SQ fat, and 127 were down- regulated. Interestingly, the up-regulated genes included prostaglandin F2 receptor negative regulator, estrogen receptor 1, thrombospondin 1, lipoprotein related receptor protein 2, and platelet derived growth factor D. Down-regulated genes in SQF compared to VIF included IL-18, platelet factor 4, cyclooxygenase, and fatty acid synthase. We found no significant difference in gene expression between SQF and VIF TNF alpha, TLR 4, and adiponectin in our. Immunofluorensce (IF) assay revealed that SQF expressed more CD 163 positive (alternatively activated) macrophages than VIF, and little to no CD 68 (classically activated) positive macrophages. Additionally, VIF expressed more CD 68 positive macrophages compared to SQF. The data from this study is consistent with the human and rodent literature which states that VIF is more metabolically active and pro-inflammatory compared to SQF.

Adipose tissue is an endocrine organ, and its homeostatic mechanisms in normal weight, overweight and obese subjects must be elucidated. We sought to determine the basal adipose tissue biology of visceral (VIF) and subcutaneous (SQF) fat depots in 8 month old Sinclair minipigs, an animal that has been shown to be physiologically similar to humans.Metabolic analysis showed a decrease in LDL, white blood cells (WBC), and lymphocyte percentages as the minipigs aged from 6 to 8 months (p <0.0001 and = 0.0046 and 0.0165 respectively). There were no significant changes in triglycerides, HDL, VLDL, and neutrophil percentages. There was a trend in insulin increase (P=0.0722).Microarray analysis was performed to determine transcriptome differences between VIF and SQF. When VIF was compared to SQF, expression of a total of 788 transcript ID’s differed: were 240 up-regulated and 548 down-regulated. Examples included hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2, fatty acid synthase, IL-18, and platelet factor 4 which were all up-regulated in VIF vs. SQF. The down-regulated transcripts included estrogen receptor 1, insulin-like growth factor binding protein 5, and platelet derived growth factor D. When SQF was compared to VIF, a total of 598 transcript IDs were up or down-regulated by more than a 2 fold difference (P<0.05). From this subset of the transcriptome, we found 471 IDs were up-regulated in SQ fat, and 127 were down- regulated. Interestingly, the up-regulated genes included prostaglandin F2 receptor negative regulator, estrogen receptor 1, thrombospondin 1, lipoprotein related receptor protein 2, and platelet derived growth factor D. Down-regulated genes in SQF compared to VIF included IL-18, platelet factor 4, cyclooxygenase, and fatty acid synthase. We found no significant difference in gene expression between SQF and VIF TNF alpha, TLR 4, and adiponectin in our. Immunofluorensce (IF) assay revealed that SQF expressed more CD 163 positive (alternatively activated) macrophages than VIF, and little to no CD 68 (classically activated) positive macrophages. Additionally, VIF expressed more CD 68 positive macrophages compared to SQF. The data from this study is consistent with the human and rodent literature which states that VIF is more metabolically active and pro-inflammatory compared to SQF.

Monitoring tests are commonly used to assess weightlifter’s preparedness for competition. Although various monitoring tests have been used, it is not clear which test is the strongest indicator of weightlifting performance. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to (1) determine the relationships between vertical jump, isometric mid-thigh pull (IMTP) and weightlifting performance; and (2) compare vertical jumps to IMTP as monitoring tests of weightlifting performance in a large cohort of male and female weightlifters. Methods: Fifty-two competitive weightlifters (31 males, 21 females) participated in squat and countermovement jump testing (SJ, CMJ), and IMTP testing performed on force plates. All laboratory testing data was correlated to a recent competition where the athletes had attempted to peak. Results: Squat jump height (SJH) was the strongest correlate for men and women with the Sinclair Total (r = 0.686, p ≤ 0.01; r = 0.487, p ≤ 0.05, respectively) compared to countermovement jump height (r = 0.642, p ≤ 0.01; r = 0.413, p = 0.063), IMTP peak force allometrically scaled to body mass (r = 0.542, p ≤ 0.01; r = −0.044, p = 0.851) and rate of force development at 200 ms (r = 0.066, p = 0.723; r = 0.086, p = 0.711), respectively. Further, SJH was a stronger correlate of relative weightlifting performance compared to IMTP peak force in females (p = 0.042), but not male weightlifters (p = 0.191). Conclusions: Although CMJ and IMTP are still considered strong indicators of weightlifting performance, SJH appears to be the most indicative measure of weightlifting performance across a wide-range of performance levels. Thus, SJH can be used as a reliable measure to monitor weightlifting performance in male and female weightlifters.

The purpose of this paper is to analyze and discuss the conflict with conformity in three novels of Sinclair Lewis from 1920 to 1925. It is also the intention of this paper to identify Sinclair Lewis as the leader of the conflict - with - conformity movement of this period.

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ABSTRACT This study focuses on twenty-one particular texts published in 1925 as contemporaries of The Great Gatsby. The manuscript is divided into four categories—The Impressionists, The Experimentalists, The Realists, and The Independents. Among The Impressionists are F. Scott Fitzgerald himself, Willa Cather (The Professor’s House), Sherwood Anderson (Dark Laughter), William Carlos Williams (In the American Grain), Elinor Wylie (The Venetian Glass Nephew), John Dos Passos (Manhattan Transfer), and William Faulkner (New Orleans Sketches). The Experimentalists are Gertrude Stein (The Making of Americans), E. E. Cummings (& aka “Poems 48-96”), Ezra Pound (A Draft of XVI Cantos), T. S. Eliot (“The Hollow Men”), Laura Riding (“Summary for Alastor”), and John Erskine (The Private Life of Helen of Troy). The Realists are Theodore Dreiser (An American Tragedy), Edith Wharton (The Mother’s Recompense), Upton Sinclair (Mammonart), Ellen Glasgow (Barren Ground), Sinclair Lewis (Arrowsmith), James Boyd (Drums), and Ernest Hemingway (In Our Time). The Independents are Archibald MacLeish (The Pot of Earth) and Robert Penn Warren (“To a Face in a Crowd”). Although these twenty-two texts may in some cases represent literary fragmentations, each in its own way also represents a coherent response to the spirit of the times that is in one way or another cognate to The Great Gatsby. The fact that all these works appeared the same year is special because the authors, if not already famous, would become famous, and their works were or would come to represent classic American literature around the world. The twenty-two authors either knew each other personally or knew each other’s works. Naturally, they were also influenced by writings of international authors and philosophers. The greatest common elements among the poets and fiction writers are their uninhibited interest in sex, an absorbing cynicism about life, and the frequent portrayal of disintegration of the family, a trope for what had happened to the countries and to the “family of nations” that experienced the Great War. In 1925, it would seem, Fitzgerald and many of his writing peers—some even considered his betters—channeled a major spirit of the times, and Fitzgerald did it more successfully than almost anyone.