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Craniofacial abnormalities in transgenic mice with ectopic expression of the Hoxb-3 geneSae-Pang, Jearn Jang, 彭淦長. January 2002 (has links)
published_or_final_version / Biochemistry / Master / Master of Philosophy
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Bioinformatic studies of gene regulation involving SOX9 and HOXB3 withreference to craniofacial development and other processesMak, Chi-yan, Angel., 麥志昕. January 2005 (has links)
published_or_final_version / abstract / Biochemistry / Master / Master of Philosophy
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Identification of Candidate Genes for CraniosynostosisRymer, Karen 01 January 2015 (has links)
Craniosynostosis is a disorder characterized by the premature fusing of cranial sutures in an infant. Premature closure of these sutures can lead to detrimental consequences on the development of a child. The two broad categories of craniosynostosis are classified as syndromic and nonsyndromic. Nonsyndromic craniosynostosis involves only the fusion of one or more sutures, whereas syndromic craniosynostosis involves other abnormalities throughout the body of the affected individual. Two of the families analyzed in this study were of the syndromic nature, and known FGFR mutations were discovered. However, phenotypical features documented in association with these mutations differed from our individuals. Two families affected with nonsyndromic sagittal synostosis were also analyzed. Within one of these families, three candidate mutations were identified as possible disease causing mutations. These mutations were found in the genes ITGAV, SLC30A9, and BAMBI. Here we analyze the function of these proteins and determine the significance of the role they may play in nonsyndromic craniosynostosis.
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Ontogeny and cranial morphology of the basal carnivorous dinocephalian, anteosaurus magnificus from the tapinocephalus assembage zone of the South African KarooKruger, Ashley 21 July 2014 (has links)
A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Science, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science. Johannesburg, 2014. / Anteosaurs (Therapsida: Dinocephalia: Anteosauria) were the dominant terrestrial predators during the late Middle Permian period and became extinct at the close of the Tapinocephalus Assemblage Zone. Only two genera of anteosaurs, Australosyodon and Anteosaurus, are recognised from the Karoo rocks of South Africa. A newly discovered small anteosaurid skull from the Abrahamskraal Formation is fully described. Because of its relatively large orbits, the unfused nature of its sutures, and the lack of replacement teeth in the dental alveoli, the specimen is considered to be a juvenile Anteosaurus magnificus. A full computer-aided 3-D reconstruction of the skull enabled cranial measurements to be taken for an allometric analysis which included twenty-three measurements and eleven specimens. Positive allometry was found for four of the measurements suggesting fast growing in the temporal region, and a significant difference in the development of the postorbital bar and suborbital bar between juveniles and adults. Phylogenetic research shows that the Russian anteosaurids to be forerunners to Anteosaurus, and because the juvenile Anteosaurus (BP/1/7074) manifests many features of both Syodon and Titanophoneus, it is suggested that ontogenetic growth of Anteosaurus follows Haeckel’s Law.
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Avaliação histomorfométrica comparativa do processo de reparo de defeitos ósseos perenes em calvária de ratos tratados com -fosfato tricálcio, hidroxiapatita sintética, hidroxiapatita sintética + -fosfato tricálcio e osso autógeno / Histomorphometric comparative evaluation of the repair of perennial bone defects in rats skulls treated with -tricalcium phosphate, synthetic hydroxyapatite, synthetic hydroxyapatite + -tricalcium phosphate and autogenous graftMartins, Angélica Cristina de Oliveira 26 April 2010 (has links)
Os objetivos do trabalho foram caracterizar as biocerâmicas a base de hidroxiapatita (HA), -fosfato tricálcio (TCP) e o compósito HA/TCP na proporção 60:40 pela análise microestrutural e por Espectrometria de Energia Dispersiva de Raios-X (EDS) ao microscópio eletrônico de varredura, e comparar histomorfometricamente o processo de reparo ósseo de defeitos cranianos perenes tratados com essas três diferentes cerâmicas e o enxerto autógeno nos períodos de 0, 30, 90 e 180 dias pós-operatório. Microestruturalmente, a HA apresentou superfície irregular com concavidades, fendas e grande quantidade de microporos; o TCP exibiu superfície irregular e baixa resistência mecânica; a HA/TCP apresentou superfície lisa com raras concavidades e ausência de porosidades. As cerâmicas estavam constituídas pelos elementos O, P e Ca, sendo que a relação Ca/P seguiu a ordem: HA/TCP > HA > TCP. Morfometricamente, o volume inicial enxertado foi aproximadamente de 60 mm3 para todos os tratamentos. Entre 30 e 180 dias, o volume total da região do enxerto (Vtre) e do material enxertado (VM) manteve-se constante nos defeitos tratados com osso autógeno (Vtre = 53,61 mm³, VM =20,11 mm³), HA (Vtre = 60,13mm³, VM = 32,72 mm³), HA/TCP (Vtre = 57,60mm³, VM = 31,61 mm³), TCP (Vtre = 38,27mm3, VM = 10,07 mm³). Aos 30 dias, o volume de tecido ósseo no grupo autógeno foi de 22,06 mm³, ocupando quase a totalidade dos espaços entre as partículas, enquanto que, nos grupos HA e HA/TCP foi de apenas 7,62 mm³, sendo parte dos espaços (19,10 mm3), constituído por tecido conjuntivo fibroso. Entre 30 e 180 dias, o volume de tecido ósseo não apresentou diferenças estatísticas significantes (p>0,05). O número absoluto de osteoblastos e osteócitos no grupo autógeno foi, respectivamente, de 118,57 x102 e 178,57 x102 células, aos 30 dias, diminuindo 40,16% e 29,09% aos 90 dias, decorrente do processo de remodelação óssea. Nos grupos HA e HA/TCP, o número absoluto de osteoblastos e osteócitos foram similares e permaneceram constantes dos 30 aos 180 dias, com uma média de 39,13 x102 e 132,20 x102 células, respectivamente. Com relação ao grupo TCP, o volume de tecido ósseo foi de 4,16mm3 aos 30 dias e aumentou 70,27% aos 90 dias, passando a ocupar 13,93 mm³ do Vtre. Concomitantemente, o número absoluto de osteoblastos e osteócitos passaram, respectivamente, de 5,64 x102 e 37,01 x102 células, aos 30 dias, para 67,46 x102 e 166,13 x102 células, aos 90 dias. Baseados nos resultados aqui obtidos, concluímos que, no modelo experimental de defeitos cranianos em ratos, o enxerto autógeno é ainda, o padrão ouro para reconstrução óssea, enquanto que, dentre as cerâmicas analisadas, o TCP é o melhor biomaterial ósseo-substituto. / The aim of the work was to characterize the ceramics: hydroxyapatite (HA), -tricalcium phosphate (TCP) and the composite HA/TCP (60:40) through scaning electron microscope - energy dispersive system (SEM-EDS) analysis and to compare histomorphometrically the repair of perennial skull defects treated with these three different ceramics and autogenous graft at 0, 30, 90 and 180 days post-operatively. Microstructurally, HA showed irregular surface with concavities, cracks and several pores. TCP also presented irregular surface and low mechanical strength. HA/TCP showed smooth surface with rare concavities and pores. The ceramics were constituted by the elements O, P and Ca, and the relation Ca/P follow the order: HA/TCP > HA > TCP. Morphometrically, the initial graft volume was approximately 60 mm3 for all treatments. Between 30 and 180 days, the total volume of the grafted area (Vtga) and of the implanted material (Vim) were constant in the following groups: autogenous (Vtga = 53,61 mm³; Vim = 20,11 mm3), HA (Vtga = 60,13mm³; Vim = 32,72 mm3), HA/TCP (Vtga = 57,60mm³; Vim = 31,61 mm3) and TCP (Vtga = 38,27mm³; Vim = 10,07 mm3). At 30 days, the bone tissue volume was of 22,06 mm3 in the autogenous group, occupying totally the space among the particles, while in the HA and HA/TCP groups was only 7,62 mm3. At 30 and 180 days, the bone tissue volume did not show statistical differences (p>0.05). The total number of osteoblasts and osteocytes in the autogenous group was respectively, 118, 57 x 102 and 178,57 x 102 cells, at 30 days, reducing 40,16% e 29,09%, at 90 days, due to bone remodeling. In the HA and HA/TCP groups, a similar and stable number of osteoblasts and osteocytes were observed during all periods, with mean of 39,13 x 102 and 132,20 x 102 cells, respectively. In the TCP group, the bony tissue volume was of 4,16 mm3, at 30 days, increasing 70,27% at 90 days. Concomitantly, the total number of osteoblasts and osteocytes was respectively, 5,64 x 102 and 37,01 x 102 cells, at 30 days, achieving 67,46 x 102 and 166,13 x 102 cells, at 90 days. Based in the results obtained here, we concluded that in the rat skull defect model the autogenous bone is yet the good standard graft material for bone reconstruction and that among the tested ceramics, the TCP is the best bone graft substitute.
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Estimativa da ancestralidade em Antropologia Forense por meio do software \"AncesTrees\" em medidas cranianas de uma amostra brasileira / Ancestry estimation in Forensic Anthropology using the software AncesTrees in cranial measurements of a brazilian sampleJacometti, Victor 11 December 2018 (has links)
A Antropologia Forense desempenha um importante papel nas Ciências Forenses e, apesar de não consistir em um método primário de identificação humana, ou seja, só a sua execução não basta para conferir identidade a um indivíduo questionado, é um método auxiliar trivial para reduzir o universo de suspeitos a serem analisados na busca da identidade. O objetivo desse trabalho foi analisar a acurácia e aplicabilidade do software AncesTrees, desenvolvido por Navega et al. (2015), em um conjunto de medidas cranianas de uma amostra brasileira. Em uma amostra constituída por 114 crânios identificados, originários de duas coleções osteológicas localizadas no estado de São Paulo, predominantemente composta por indivíduos brancos (59), seguido por negros (35) e pardos (20), foram realizadas 25 diferentes medidas craniométricas que foram alocadas no AncesTrees em dois algoritmos diferentes, sendo que um deles foi utilizado em três configurações distintas, com diferentes grupos ancestrais integrando o modelo. O software teve desempenho superior na estimativa de indivíduos brancos, chegando a 73% de acurácia neste grupo e 66% no grupo de indivíduos negros. Indivíduos classificados como pardos apresentaram inconstância na classificação ancestral, sendo classificados majoritariamente como Europeus. No geral, a combinação mais precisa do AncesTrees foi no algoritmo ancestralForest com apenas os grupos Europeu e Africano integrando o algoritmo, chegando a 70% de acerto. Conclui-se que a aplicabilidade desse software no Brasil é frágil, devido à alta carga de miscigenação da população, sendo necessária a criação de uma base de dados antropométricos mais representativa do povo brasileiro / Forensic Anthropology develops an important role in Forensic Sciences. Although it is not a primary method of human identification, that is, its execution alone is not enough to establish an identity to a questioned individual, it is a trivial secondary method, to reduce the universe of suspects to be analyzed by the primary ones. The objective of this research was to analyze the accuracy and applicability of the software AncesTrees, developed by Navega et al. (2015), in a set of cranial measurements of a Brazilian sample. In a sample consisted of 114 identified skulls, coming from two osteological collections located in the São Paulo State, predominantly composed of white individuals (59), followed by blacks (35) and admixed (20), 25 different craniometric measurements were performed and allocated to AncesTrees in two different algorithms, one of which was used in three different configurations, with different ancestral groups integrating the model. The software had superior performance in the estimation of white individuals, reaching 73% accuracy in this group and 66% in the black individuals\' group. Individuals classified as admixed showed inconstancy in the ancestral classification, being classified mainly as European. Overall, the most accurate combination of AncesTrees was in the ancestralForest algorithm with only the European and African groups integrating the algorithm, reaching 70% accuracy. It is concluded that the applicability of this software in Brazil is fragile, due to the high admixing load of the population, and it is necessary to create a more representative anthropometric database of the Brazilian people
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Evolução da modularidade no crânio de mamíferos / Evolution of modularity in the mammalian skullPorto, Arthur Guimarães Carvalho 24 April 2009 (has links)
A integração morfológica refere-se à organização modular das relações e conexões entre os caracteres, a qual influencia a direção e velocidade da mudança evolutiva, seja restringindo ou facilitando esta ao longo das diferentes direções do morfoespaço. Desta forma, a descrição de padrões e magnitudes de integração e a análise de suas conseqüências evolutivas são aspectos centrais do estudo da evolução de morfologias complexas. Aqui analisamos a integração morfológica no crânio de diferentes famílias de mamíferos, abordando as seguintes questões. Existem padrões de integração comuns a todos os grupos? Seriam esses padrões compatíveis com hipóteses a priori baseadas em ontogenia e função compartilhadas? Que tipos de respostas evolutivas á seleção poderiam ser produzidas por estes padrões? Para isso, digitalizamos representantes de 20 ordens e 40 famílias de mamíferos e então estimamos as matrizes de correlação e variância/covariância correspondentes, comparando-as entre si. Também comparamos cada um dos padrões de integração estimados a hipóteses a priori baseadas em ontogenia e função compartilhadas. Por fim, analisamos as repostas de cada uma das matrizes V/CV a vetores de seleção simulados. Nossos resultados apontam para um padrão de integração amplamente compartilhado entre todas as famílias, indicando que a diversidade morfológica deste grupo foi produzida usando uma estrutura de covariação compartilhada, a qual se manteve similar durante pelo menos 65 milhões de anos. Comparações com uma matriz V/CV genética de roedores sugerem que esta similaridade se estende aos fatores genéticos subjacentes à variação fenotípica. Diversos módulos funcionais/ontogenéticos foram detectados nos táxons amostrados. A principal diferença entre os grupos foram observadas nas magnitudes de integração: as famílias de metatérios e duas das famílias de roedores apresentaram alto nível de integração geral e módulos pouco distintos, enquanto as famílias de primatas e quirópteros apresentaram o padrão de inverso. Nossos dados fornecem evidência de que a evolução da morfologia craniana em mamíferos pode ser vista como marcada por alterações no nível de integração entre caracteres, na qual os módulos ficaram mais evidentes. A consequência evolutiva retirada destas observações foi a de que as linhagens e famílias com menor integração são menos restritas, do ponto de vista evolutivo, e capazes de lidar com pressões seletivas com maior flexibilidade. / Morphological integration refers to the modular structuring of intertrait relationships in an organism, which could bias the direction and rate of morphological change, either constraining or facilitating evolution along certain dimensions of the morphospace. Therefore, the description of morphological integration patterns and its magnitude and the analysis of their evolutionary consequences are central to understand the evolution of complex traits. Here we analyze morphological integration in the skull of several mammalian orders, addressing the following questions: are there common patterns of inter-trait relationships? Are these patterns compatible with hypotheses based on shared development and function? What kind of responses to evolutionary forces could be generated by these patterns? We digitized more than 2000 specimens in 20 mammalian orders and 40 families. We then estimated the correspondent correlation and covariance matrices among traits and compared those matrices among the families. We also compared observed patterns of integration to theoretical expectations based on common development and function. Finally, we analyzed the responses of each covariance matrix to simulated selection vectors. Our results pointed to a largely shared pattern of inter-trait correlations, implying that mammalian skull diversity has been produced using a common covariance structure that remained similar for at least 65 million years. Comparisons with a rodent genetic variance/covariance matrix suggest that this broad similarity extends also to the genetic factors underlying phenotypic variation. Several morphological modules expected from shared development and function were detected in the mammalian taxa studied. The main differences among groups were found for the magnitudes of integration: metatherians and two rodent families presented higher overall levels of integration and reduced modular distinctiveness ,while primates and chiropterans exhibited the opposite pattern. Our data constitute evidence that the broad picture of mammalian skull evolution could be regarded as a history of inter-module disintegration, while the modules themselves became more clearly marked. The evolutionary implication of these findings is that groups with lower overall integration are less evolutionarily constrained, and are able to cope with selection with more flexibility.
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Estimativa da ancestralidade em Antropologia Forense por meio do software \"AncesTrees\" em medidas cranianas de uma amostra brasileira / Ancestry estimation in Forensic Anthropology using the software AncesTrees in cranial measurements of a brazilian sampleVictor Jacometti 11 December 2018 (has links)
A Antropologia Forense desempenha um importante papel nas Ciências Forenses e, apesar de não consistir em um método primário de identificação humana, ou seja, só a sua execução não basta para conferir identidade a um indivíduo questionado, é um método auxiliar trivial para reduzir o universo de suspeitos a serem analisados na busca da identidade. O objetivo desse trabalho foi analisar a acurácia e aplicabilidade do software AncesTrees, desenvolvido por Navega et al. (2015), em um conjunto de medidas cranianas de uma amostra brasileira. Em uma amostra constituída por 114 crânios identificados, originários de duas coleções osteológicas localizadas no estado de São Paulo, predominantemente composta por indivíduos brancos (59), seguido por negros (35) e pardos (20), foram realizadas 25 diferentes medidas craniométricas que foram alocadas no AncesTrees em dois algoritmos diferentes, sendo que um deles foi utilizado em três configurações distintas, com diferentes grupos ancestrais integrando o modelo. O software teve desempenho superior na estimativa de indivíduos brancos, chegando a 73% de acurácia neste grupo e 66% no grupo de indivíduos negros. Indivíduos classificados como pardos apresentaram inconstância na classificação ancestral, sendo classificados majoritariamente como Europeus. No geral, a combinação mais precisa do AncesTrees foi no algoritmo ancestralForest com apenas os grupos Europeu e Africano integrando o algoritmo, chegando a 70% de acerto. Conclui-se que a aplicabilidade desse software no Brasil é frágil, devido à alta carga de miscigenação da população, sendo necessária a criação de uma base de dados antropométricos mais representativa do povo brasileiro / Forensic Anthropology develops an important role in Forensic Sciences. Although it is not a primary method of human identification, that is, its execution alone is not enough to establish an identity to a questioned individual, it is a trivial secondary method, to reduce the universe of suspects to be analyzed by the primary ones. The objective of this research was to analyze the accuracy and applicability of the software AncesTrees, developed by Navega et al. (2015), in a set of cranial measurements of a Brazilian sample. In a sample consisted of 114 identified skulls, coming from two osteological collections located in the São Paulo State, predominantly composed of white individuals (59), followed by blacks (35) and admixed (20), 25 different craniometric measurements were performed and allocated to AncesTrees in two different algorithms, one of which was used in three different configurations, with different ancestral groups integrating the model. The software had superior performance in the estimation of white individuals, reaching 73% accuracy in this group and 66% in the black individuals\' group. Individuals classified as admixed showed inconstancy in the ancestral classification, being classified mainly as European. Overall, the most accurate combination of AncesTrees was in the ancestralForest algorithm with only the European and African groups integrating the algorithm, reaching 70% accuracy. It is concluded that the applicability of this software in Brazil is fragile, due to the high admixing load of the population, and it is necessary to create a more representative anthropometric database of the Brazilian people
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[Original research papers presented for M.D. degree] / [F.J. Fenner] / Thesis by F.J. Fenner / Anthropometric observations on South Australian Aborigines of the Diamantina and Cooper Creek regions : Adelaide University Field Anthropology, Central Australia, no. 13 / Some Australian Aboriginal scaphocephalic skulls / Australian Aboriginal skull: its non-metrical morphological characters / Observations of the mandibular torus The Australian Aboriginal skull: its non-metrical morphological characters / Fossil human skull fragments of probable Pleistocene age from Aitape, New Guinea / Pigmentation of the oral mucous membranes of Australian and New Guinea natives / Occurrence of juxtaarticular nodules in Australia / Local implantation of sulphanilamide for the prevention and treatment of gas gangrene in heavily contaminated wounds: a suggested treatment for war woundsFenner, Frank, 1914- January 1942 (has links)
Collective title supplied by cataloguer. / Lacks contents and abstract. / Includes bibliographical references. / 8 v. : / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / Collection of journal articles and reprints presented by the author (either by; or, co-authored by the author) for admission to the degree / Thesis (M.D.)--University of Adelaide, 1942
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Analysis of abnormal craniofacial and ear development of a transgenic mutant with ectopic hoxb3 expressionWong, Yee-man, Elaine. January 2006 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hong Kong, 2006. / Title proper from title frame. Also available in printed format.
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