El Perú se encuentra en una posición económica estable, con una tendencia de crecimiento del PBI superior al 4% anual, en el 2017 las calificadoras de riesgo soberano coincidieron en otorgar la calificación de BBB+ (S&P), A3 (Moodys), BBB+ (Fitch), por la reducción de vulnerabilidad a los choques externos económicos, estabilidad (coherencia política) y jurídica, todo ello contribuye a un escenario favorable para el crecimiento de las inversiones. (MEF, 2017) Es en este escenario, la importancia de considerar la participación de las micro y pequeñas empresas (MYPE) como eje fundamental generador de empleo, con más del 80% de la fuerza laboral ocupada del país permitiendo así la redistribución del ingreso a los sectores medios y de bajos ingresos; fomentando el desarrollo económico de la nación (cerca del 25% del PBI esta sostenido por las MYPE), teniendo en cuenta lo valioso de la actuación de las MYPE en la economía nacional se hace necesario elaborar e implementar políticas de financiamiento (con tasas de interés competitivas, bajas en costo, y flexibles para su adquisición), que contribuyan a su crecimiento y desarrollo; considerando al banco de la nación como socio estratégico participe de este fin. Bajo este orden de ideas en el presente trabajo sustentaremos la propuesta para un Nuevo Instrumento Financiero denominado “Préstamo Multired – Micro y Pequeñas Empresas”, que sin duda permitirá el crecimiento económico en términos de rentabilidad y el valor de marca del Banco de la Nación, en el mercado financiero peruano bajo el enfoque del Benchmarking. / Peru is in a stable economic position, with tendencies to GDP growth of more than 4% per year. In 2017, the sovereign risk rating agencies coincided in granting the rating of BBB + (S & P), A3 (Moody’s), BBB + (Fitch), by the reduction of vulnerability to external economic shocks, stability (political coherence) and legal, all this contributes to a favorable scenario for the growth of investments. (MEF, 2017) It is in this scenario, the importance of considering the participation of medium and small enterprises as a fundamental axis that generates employment, with more than 80% of the labor force, the redistribution of income to the middle and low income sectors; promoting the economic development of the nation (close to 25% of GDP is supported by medium and small companies), taking into account the value of the meditation of medium and small enterprises in the national economy. Financing, which contribute to its growth and development; Subject to the nation's bank as a strategic partner. Under this order of ideas in this paper we will support the proposal for a New Financial Instrument called "Multiple Loan - Medium and Small Companies", which will undoubtedly allow economic growth in terms of profitability and the brand value of nation bank, in the Peruvian financial market under the Benchmarking approach. / Trabajo de investigación

Many companies must undergo organizational changes to achieve a more efficient business. This essay has focused on studying a small company, its development as well as its need for change. The company, Pärlans Konfektyr AB, is a manufacturing company located in Stockholm that has been operating since 2010. The company has in recent years, firmly increased its sales and is facing a number of changes as the company has grown.   The need for changes was mainly identified as technical, because of the need to implement a new business system. Understanding how a change takes place and how an organization can accomplish an implementation effectively is important as it requires a lot of time and resources. This has been investigated by studying theories and models for successful change and implementation work in previous research. The purpose of the study is to create an understanding of what kind of organizational changes a small company stands in front of and how these can be implemented in a successful way. The survey is a qualitative study and in order to be able to answer the study's research question, an interview survey has been applied, where the data has been analyzed and compared with previous research in the field. The conclusion of this study is that Pärlans Konfektyr AB is in a stage of ‘’growing pains’’ which leads to different challenges for companies that have strong growth in a short time. In combination with this growth, there is a need for new structures and routines in the business, for which several models from previous research can serve as auxiliary tools.

This thesis investigates the database model selection process in VSEs, looking into how priorities and needs differ compared to what is proposed by existing theory in the area.  The study was conducted as a case study of a two-person company engaged in developing various applications and performing consulting tasks. Data was collected through two semi-structured interviews. The first interview aimed to understand the company's process for selecting a database model, while the second interview focused on obtaining their perspective on any differences in their selection process compared to the theoretical recommendations and suggested methodology. The purpose was to investigate the important factors involved in the process and explore why and how they deviated from what the theory proposes. The study concludes that VSEs have different priorities compared to larger enterprises. Factors like transaction amount does not have to be considered much at the scale of a VSE. It is more important to look into the total cost of the database solution, including making sure that the selected technology is sufficiently efficient to use in development and relatively easy to maintain. Regarding selection methodology it was concluded that the time investment required to decide what is the best available database solution can be better spent elsewhere in the enterprise, and finding a good enough solution to get the wheels of the ground is likely a more profitable aim.

Bakgrund: En globaliserad värld och ny teknik har gett företag fler möjligheter att få tillgång till arbetskraft och kompetens. Crowdsourcing kan användas av företag för att anlita egenställda frilansare via digitala plattformar på ett flexibelt och kostnadseffektivt sätt. För små företag som kännetecknas av att ha begränsade resurser av kapital, arbetskraft och kompetens kan crowdsourcing vara en lösning för att överleva i en ständigt föränderlig värld och samtidigt skapa konkurrenskraft på marknaden. Syfte och Metod: Syftet med denna studie är att öka förståelsen för de möjligheter och utmaningar små företag i svensk kontext har med crowdsourcing. För att uppnå syftet genomförs studien med en kvalitativ metod uppbyggd av åtta semistrukturerade intervjuer. Teoretisk referensram: Den teoretiska referensramen består av en beskrivning av hur processen går till när företag arbetar med crowdsourcing, ett ramverk med faktorer företag tar hänsyn till vid beslutet att arbeta med crowdsourcing samt vilka möjligheter och utmaningar små företag i andra kontexter upplever att crowdsourcing medför. Resultat och slutsats: Studien visar att små företag i svensk kontext finner en rad olika möjligheter och utmaningar med crowdsourcing där rykte som utmaning är ett bidrag till forskningen från den svenska kontexten. Dessa möjligheter och utmaningar har en stark koppling till beslutsfaktorer som påverkar små företags beslut att arbeta med crowdsourcing genom att de tar hänsyn till och arbetar med de utmaningar som finns för att kunna dra nytta av de möjligheter som finns med att arbeta med crowdsourcing. De möjligheter som finns värderas därmed högre vid beslut att arbeta med crowdsourcing än de utmaningar som små företag måste hantera. / Background: A globalized world and new technologies have given enterprises more opportunities to access labour and skills. Crowdsourcing can be used by enterprises to hire self-employed freelancers via digital platforms in a flexible and cost-effective way. For small businesses that are characterized by limited resources of capital, labour, skills, crowdsourcing can be a solution to survive in an ever-changing world while remaining competitive in the market.  Purpose and method: The purpose of this study is to increase the understanding of the opportunities and challenges small enterprises in the Swedish context have with crowdsourcing. The study is conducted using a qualitative method composed of eight semi structured interviews.  Theoretical frame of reference: The theoretical frame of reference consists of a description of the process of crowdsourcing, a framework of factors that companies take into account when deciding to crowdsource, and the opportunities and challenges that small companies in other contexts experience with crowdsourcing.  Results and conclusion: The study shows that small enterprises in the Swedish context find a variety of opportunities and challenges with crowdsourcing where reputation as a challenge is a contribution to the research from the Swedish context. These opportunities and challenges are strongly linked to decision-making factors that influence small enterprises decision to work with crowdsourcing, by taking into account and working with the challenges that exist in order to take advantage of the opportunities that exist in working with crowdsourcing. The opportunities that exist are valued more highly when deciding to work with crowdsourcing than the challenges that small businesses must deal with.

Marknadsföring med influencers, så kallad influencer marketing, är inte enkelt och kan leda till negativa effekter om det utförs på fel sätt. Vidare begränsas små företag i större utsträckning än stora företag av resurserna budget, tid och personal och måste därmed vara selektiva och noga i sin utformning av strategi. Studien bygger på en kvalitativ ansats, med komparativa inslag, i form av en tvärsnittsstudie som undersöker hur två små företag framgångsrikt kan arbeta med influencer marketing. Datainsamling skedde via två djupgående semistrukturerade intervjuer med ansvariga för sociala medier i två olika företag varav en av respondenterna representerade två olika varumärken. Studien har genomgående utgått från fem teman i en tematisk analys som kopplats till övergripande delar av arbetet med influencer marketing. Resultatet visar hur de två studerade fallens tillvägagångssätt både skiljer varandra åt men även har vissa likheter. Exempelvis ansåg båda fallen att resursen budget var den största begränsningen i sitt arbete med influencer marketing medan resursen personal begränsade företagen minst. Resursen tid påverkade främst den kontinuerliga processen att hitta nya samt hantera befintliga influencers där tiden kan begränsa företagen från att expandera antalet samarbeten. Exempel på identifierade likheter mellan företagets arbetsprocess är att de grundar sina kunskaper i egna erfarenheter snarare än forskning eller akademiska kurser, att de arbetar med både mikro- och makro-influencers samt att de låter sina influencers samarbeta med andra företag så länge de inte handlar om konkurrenter. Däremot arbetar företagen olika i flera delar av sin strategi, bland annat ger ena företaget sina influencers fria händer och bedriver minimal kontroll medan det andra företaget har en betydligt större kontroll där influencers får tydliga instruktioner i förväg. De aspekter företagen fokuserar på vid val av influencers att samarbeta med skiljer sig åt, det ena företaget lägger stort fokus på bland annat rykte, värderingar, personlighet och lojalitet medan det andra företaget mer fokuserar på statistik hos influencern som räckvidd och målgrupp. / Marketing with influencers, so-called influencer marketing, is not an easy task and can lead to negative effects if done incorrectly. Furthermore, unlike large companies, small companies are limited by the resources budget, time, and personnel and must therefore be more selective and careful in their design of strategy. This study is based on a qualitative approach, with comparative elements, in the form of a multiple case study that examines how two small companies can work successfully with influencer marketing. The data collection consisted of two in-depth semi-structured interviews with social media managers from two different companies, of which one of the respondents represented two different brands. The study has been based on five themes in a thematic analysis that is linked to overall parts of the work with influencer marketing. The results show how the approaches of the two studied cases differ from each other but also have certain similarities. For example, both cases considered that the resource budget was the biggest constraint in their work with influencer marketing while the resource personnel was the least limiting factor. The resource time mainly affected the continuous process of finding new and managing existing influencers where time can limit companies from expanding the number of collaborations. Examples of identified similarities between the companies’ work processes are that they base their knowledge on their own experience rather than research or academic courses, that they work with both micro and macro influencers and that they let their influencers collaborate with other companies as long as they are not competitors. On the other hand, the companies work differently in several parts of their strategy. Among other things, one company gives its influencers free hands and conducts minimal control while the other company has a much greater control where influencers receive clear instructions in advance. The aspects the company focuses on when choosing influencers to collaborate with also differ, where one company places great focus on the reputation, values, personality and loyalty of the influencer, while the other company focuses more on the statistics of the influencer such as reach and target group.

В современной экономике малое предпринимательство играет большую роль как в создании рабочих мест в регионах, так и в создании ВВП. Однако в России малое предпринимательство сталкивается со многими проблемами, поэтому необходимо понять, какие именно региональные факторы способствуют развитию малого бизнеса. Целью магистерской диссертации является разработка эконометрической модели для оценки влияния региональных факторов на развитие малого предпринимательства в регионах России. Анализ, проведенный в работе, основывается на изучении зарубежной и отечественной литературы по теме малого предпринимательства. В качестве источников информации использовались данные Федеральной службы государственной статистики, ФНС и Единой межведомственной информационно-статистической системы (ЕМИСС). В ходе написания магистерской диссертации была разработана и апробирована эконометрическая модель для оценки влияния региональных факторов на развитие малого предпринимательства в России и ее регионах, которая предназначена выявить, какие факторы являются основополагающими для развития малого предпринимательства в регионах России. Основываясь на полученные результаты исследования, были предложены рекомендации по совершенствованию государственной политики, направленной на стимулирование развития малого предпринимательства. / In nowadays economy small entrepreneurship play a huge role both in employment providing and contribution to GDP. However, small entrepreneurship in Russian economy faces many problems. That is why it is important to understand which regional factors particularly support small business development. The aim of the master thesis is to develop an econometric model for assessment of impact of regional factors on small entrepreneurship in Russian regions. The analysis, provided in the work, is based on Russian and foreign literature on the topic of small enterprises. As information sources Federal State Statistics Service, Federal Tax Service of Russia and Unified intra-departmental information-statistical system were used. During the work on master thesis an econometric model for assessment of regional factors influence on small entrepreneurship in Russia and its regions was developed and tested. The model is demanded to determine which factors are main for small entrepreneurship development in Russian regions. According to the results of research, recommendations on governmental policy improvement were suggested, which has to stimulate small business development.

Modern economic society is characterized by the desire for modernization and reorientation of production in accordance with the needs of the market by increasing both external and internal components of the business. This is primarily due to the growing competition of business entities taking place in all sectors of the economy. An important factor in the successful development of the company is a motivated staff. The relevance of the study is determined by the fact that in modern conditions of economic development, the determining factor in improving the competitiveness of economic entities is an effective, result-oriented system of incentives for employees. The aim of the study is to improve the methodological provisions for the formation of a system of incentives for personnel in the enterprise. The theoretical basis of the study was the works of domestic and foreign specialists and experts in the field of labor Economics and personnel management. During the writing of the master's thesis was developed and tested incentive system based on key economic indicators for small businesses. The developed system is aimed at increasing revenue and increasing the production activity of the enterprise as a whole, as well as the interest of employees in the implementation of their labor functions, which will lead to an increase in the quality and efficiency of work performed. The practical significance of the work lies in the possibility of using its results by organizations to form a system of stimulation and management. / Современное экономическое общество характеризуется стремлением к модернизации и переориентации производств в соответствии с потребностями рынка путем наращивания как внешней, так и внутренней составляющих бизнеса. Это, прежде всего, вызвано ростом конкуренции субъектов хозяйственной деятельности, происходящей во всех отраслях экономики. Немаловажным фактором успешного развития предприятия является мотивированный персонал. Актуальность исследования определяется тем, что в современных условиях развития экономики определяющим фактором повышения конкурентоспособности субъектов хозяйственной деятельности является эффективная, направленная на результат система стимулирования работников. Целью исследования является совершенствование методических положений по формированию системы стимулирования персонала на предприятии. Теоретической базой исследования послужили труды отечественных и зарубежных специалистов и экспертов в области экономики труда и управления персоналом. В ходе написания магистерской диссертации была разработана и апробирована системы стимулирования на основе ключевых экономических показателей для малого предприятия. Разработанная система нацелена на увеличение выручки и повышение производственной деятельности предприятия в целом, а так же заинтересованности работников в осуществлении своих трудовых функций, что повлечет за собой увеличение качества и эффективности выполненных работ. Практическая значимость работы заключается в возможности применения ее результатов организациями для формирования системы стимулирования и управления ею.

The use of enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems by small enterprises is proliferating. Traditionally used by large enterprises, ERP systems are now considered important enterprise management aids, which may contribute to the sustainability and growth of small enterprises. Although varying acceptance factors may impact on the acceptance of ERP systems, there is no consolidated list of ERP system acceptance factors specific to small enterprises. In this study, the strategic, business, technical and human factors that influence the acceptance of ERP systems in small manufacturing enterprises in South Africa is presented. These influencing factors may guide future initiatives aiming to ensure the acceptance of ERP systems by small manufacturing enterprise. A combined quantitative and qualitative data analysis approach was used as an analytical lens to interpret responses gathered from small manufacturing enterprises. Recommendations are made for future research on ERP system acceptance and adoption within the broader spectrum of small enterprises. / Information Systems / M. Sc. (Information Systems)

The South African economy desperately requires an injection from small manufacturing enterprises that are productive and highly organized - hence the need to identify suitable productivity measurement approaches for use in these enterprises. The following research question was formulated: Which productivity approach( es) is (are) generally most suitable for small manufacturing enterprises in the steel and engineering industry of South Africa? The following directions of research were identified: (1) A literature search revealed 12 productivity measurement approaches. The theory of each is discussed in detail. (2) An empirical search was performed to establish the requirements of industry. This process is fully discussed. The results of both the literature and empirical searches were used to develop a list of criteria. These criteria were compared with each of the approaches, and only three were found to conform to these requirements. The results of this comparison provided the answer to the research question. / Department of Business Management / M.Com (Business Management)

The primary objective of this study was to examine how and to what extent entrepreneurial orientation, firm internal resources and capital structure decisions affect growth of small enterprises, following the resource- based view on determinants of growth and static trade-off theory of capital structure as theoretical frameworks. Regardless of the number of earlier study, there is no consensus among scholars on determinants of growth due to the existence of different theories and metrics of growth. Moreover, as the earlier studies were undertaken in developed countries, their research findings could not permit generalization on the effect of the explanatory variables on growth in less developed countries like Ethiopia. Therefore, this research tried to fill the gap in the existing body of knowledge on determinants of growth by contextualizing the association of growth with firm specific factors and EO from the Ethiopian context, more specifically from the context of Tigray Regional State. Besides, extra variables that were either not considered or might have been tested separately in earlier studies in Ethiopia were integrated into the regression model. In this mixed explanatory cross-sectional research, systematic random sampling techniques and structure questionnaire were applied to collect primary data from 333 small enterprises operating in five urban towns of Tigray region. Dependent variable of the study was growth of small enterprises, defined as logarithm of change in number of employees at the time of establishment and time of survey. The explanatory variables comprise of entrepreneurial orientation with three dimensions, tangible and intangible resources under the control of a given enterprises, capital structure decisions, external factors such as marketing related problems cost and accessibility of infrastructure, government policies and bureaucracy, business development services were also included in the regression model. Descriptive statistics, statistical difference tests, multiple regression analysis and Propensity Score Matching were applied for the purpose of data analysis with the help of Stata version 12 software. Majority of the small enterprises demonstrated moderate degree of entrepreneurial orientation and location nearer to major customers, entrepreneurial orientation, strong financial position, access to credit and leverage have statistically significant positive effect on growth of small enterprises which support the resource based view and static trade-off theory of capital structure as well as the perceived hypothesis. On the other hand, consistent to the hypothesis, age and size of small enterprises showed negative significant effect on growth, that supports Jovanovich’s learning model but against the Girbat’s law of proportionate effect. Moreover, the relationship between education and growth was found to be non-linear or volatile-growth of SEs tend to declined until certain level, reached a minimum level after which SEs with more educated owners tend to grow faster. This implies that unless owners’ years of education reach a very high level of schooling, a given increase in years of schooling could not necessarily result into higher growth rate. Based on the findings, the researcher suggests (i) in order to solve financial constraints of SEs, stakeholder need introduction of National Credit Guarantee Fund, Promotion of non-bank financial services, introduce Mandatory Minimum Bank Loan to small enterprises, establish specialized banking system that specifically support the small enterprise sector, (ii) provide working premises such as shades at concessional cost, (iii) facilitate establishment of small enterprise commercial centers, (iv) strengthen the clustering practices,(v) facilitate provision of adequate infrastructure at reasonable price, (vi) as TVET completed individuals outperform in growth rate, educational institutions in Ethiopia need to incorporate competence based training system and entrepreneurship into their syllabus by strengthening the industry university linkages / Business Management / DBL