Neste trabalho apresentamos um modelo para ambientes inteligentes baseado em organizações de agentes, onde interações entre entidades são associadas a espaços físicos, pessoas carregam dispositivos e se movimentam entre diferentes espaços físicos e cada espaço físico contém definições de interações (comportamentos definidos por normas) próprias do seu contexto. São definidos três componentes deste modelo: (1) modelo conceitual, (2) linguagem de especificação e (3) ambiente de execução. A separação do modelo nestes três componentes traz como principais conseqüências: (1) a ativação de um ambiente inteligente é feita através de um mecanismo de alto nível, (2) a especificação de um ambiente inteligente é independente do domínio de aplicação e (3) as especificações podem ser executadas em mecanismos diferentes de execução. / We introduce a conceptual model for smart environments based on agent organizations where interactions between entities are associated with physical spaces, people (carrying mobile devices) move between different physical spaces and these physical spaces contain definitions of interactions (behaviors defined by norms) related to each context. This model defines three components: (1) conceptual model, (2) language specification, and (3) execution environment. The separation in these three components brings as main consequences: (1) activation of a smart environment is performed through a high-level mechanism, (2) specification of a smart environment is independent of the application domain, and (3) specifications can be performed on different mechanisms of execution.

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No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação-Francisco Ivan Rodrigues de Andrade.pdf: 6673381 bytes, checksum: 9501e6a18c7292453a100a4e6fdaba24 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-06-19 / Search for energy efficiency is currently one of the main global challenges. Energy demand is growing and this is attributed to increased energy consumption in homes. In this scenario of a big energy demand, public policies related to changes in the tariff structure of the bills have been applied in an attempt to improve the use of energy resources and prevent collapses in the Brazilian electric sector. It is becoming evident that the knowledge and the management of residential energy consumption need to be improved. Thus, home energy management systems have been proposed for monitoring and control of electrical infrastructure and appliances in homes. However, most existing solutions are designed with limited scope such as lighting control with motion detection, climate control based on ambient temperature and control of turning on and off electrical appliances. To overcome these limitations, studies have been conducted with the aim of providing features that minimize power consumption and energy costs based on the quantity of people in the residential and their profiles. Studies in the literature seek to generate schedules for the implementation of appliances considering different variables and constraints such as appliance power, runtime, variable rate by time, balanced usage of appliances out off-peak hours and user criteria of comfort/preference, featuring a NP-Hard optimization problem. To solve this problem, we propose in the work a method called Zippy, which assists the reduction of energy cost through running appliances schedules while meeting a set of predefined constraints. The proposed method uses Tabu Search metaheuristic to assist in the appliance execution schedule in a more economically way. Experiments carried out in a database from a home showed that the method is able to provide good programming acquiring an overall savings of up to 46% compared with the original cost obtained without the method. / A busca pela eficiência energética representa atualmente um dos principais desafios mundiais. Em função do cenário crescente de demanda de energia, políticas públicas relacionadas a mudanças na estrutura tarifária das contas de energia têm sido aplicadas na tentativa de melhorar a utilização dos recursos energéticos e evitar colapsos no setor de energia elétrica brasileiro. Tal fato torna cada vez mais evidente a necessidade de conhecer e gerenciar o consumo de energia residencial. Dessa forma, sistemas de gerenciamento de energia residencial têm sido propostos para o monitoramento e controle da infraestrutura elétrica e dos eletrodomésticos em residências. No entanto, a maioria das soluções existentes é projetada com escopo limitado, tais como controle de iluminação com detecção de movimento, controle do clima com base na temperatura interna do ambiente, e controle para ligar e desligar aparelhos elétricos. Para superar estas limitações, estudos têm sido realizados com o objetivo de fornecer funcionalidades que permitam minimizar o consumo e o custo de energia em função do número e perfil das pessoas na residência. Na literatura há trabalhos que geram programações para a execução dos aparelhos considerando diferentes variáveis e restrições como potência de aparelho, tempo de execução, tarifa variável por horário e balanceamento de uso dos aparelhos para fora do horário de ponta, a combinação desse grande número de variáveis caracteriza um problema de otimização de complexidade NP-difícil. Para superar este problema, este trabalho propõe um método, denominado Zippy, que auxilia na redução do custo de energia por meio de uma programação de horários de execução dos aparelhos, satisfazendo ao mesmo tempo um conjunto de restrições pré-definidas. O método proposto utiliza a metaheurística Busca Tabu para auxiliar na geração de programação de execução de aparelhos em intervalos de tempo mais viáveis economicamente. Experimentos realizados com uma base de dados de uma residência mostram que o método é capaz de fornecer boas programações adquirindo uma economia geral de até 46% quando comparado com os custos originais obtidos sem a aplicação do método.

此篇論文中提出了一個新的環境監管規則衝突偵測方法，其運用於偵測智慧環境中使用者所制定的各種服務（在此稱為「規則」）。不同於傳統的偵測方法，此篇論文考量時間的因素，使具有時間感知的規則也能夠進行偵測。當考慮到時間的關係，這可能會使得原本衝突的規則變成有機會發生衝突或是不發生衝突，而且這也將會影響到整個系統的運作。我們基於特徵交互作用將衝突類型分成矛盾以及循環兩種，並且將時間因素也考慮到衝突類型當中，再針對這兩種衝突分別進行偵測。在矛盾這類型的衝突中，此篇論文利用時間邏輯的歸結原理來找出矛盾的規則；在循環這類型的衝突中，此篇論文將規則轉換成圖，然後再利用深度優先搜索找出圖中的返回邊，若是有返回邊存在也就能說明圖中存在著循環。此方法主要有兩個優點，第一個是在不考慮時間因素的傳統規則中，能夠有效的偵測出衝突。第二個是考慮時間因素的時間感知規則中，也能夠有效的偵測出衝突。在我們的實驗中，除了在模擬的規則資料庫中進行偵測外，我們也針對在實際的農業養殖場域中所使用的規則資料庫進行偵測。我們所提出的方法成功的偵測出智慧環境中使用者所制定的服務。 / A novel temporal-aware conflict detection method for environmental regulation which is used to detect the various services (referred to as “rules”) prescribed by users in a smart environment is proposed in this thesis. This method is different from the traditional detection methods. This thesis considers the temporal-aware so that temporal rules can be detected. When we take the temporal relationship into account, it is possible that the conflicting rules are turned into opportunistic conflicting rules or non-conflicting rules, and it also affects the operation of the entire system. We divide the conflict type into contradiction and cycle based on the feature interaction and take the temporal relationship into account, and then detect these two kinds of conflict types. In the conflict type of contradiction, this thesis uses the temporal resolution to detection conflicting rules. In the conflict type of cycle, this thesis transforms the rules into graphs, and then detect the cycles through the depth-first search (DFS) to find back edges. This method has two main advantages, the first one is that the conflict can be detected among the traditional rules which do not consider the temporal. The second is that the conflict can be effectively detected among the temporal rules. In our experiments, in addition to detecting in simulated rule databases, we also detect the rule databases used in the real greenhouse. The method we proposed successfully detect the services prescribed by the users in the intelligent environment.

Avec le développement de l’Internet des Objets, la réalisation d’environnements composés de diverses ressources connectées (objets, capteurs, services, données, etc.) devient une réalite tangible. De plus, la place prépondérante que les smartphones prennent dans notre vie (l’utilisateur étant toujours connecté) font que ces espaces dits ‘intelligents’ ouvrent la voie au développement de nouveaux types d’applications; embarquées dans les téléphones d’utilisateurs nomades – passant d’un environnement connecté (la maison) à un autre (la salle de réunion) – et se reconfigurant dynamiquement pour utiliser les ressources de l’environnement connecté dans lequel celles-ci se trouvent. La création de telles applications va cependant de pair avec le design d’outils supportant les utilisateurs en mobilité, en particulier afin de réaliser la sélection la plus efficace possible des ressources de l’environnement dans lequel l’utilisateur se trouve. Tandis qu’une telle sélection requiert la définition de modèles permettant de décrire de façon précise les caractéristiques de ces ressources, elle doit également prendre en compte les profils et préférences utilisateurs.Enfin, l’augmentation du nombre de ressources connectées, potentiellement mobiles, requiert également le développement de processus de sélection qui “passent à l’échelle”. Des avancées dans ce champ de recherche restent encore à faire, notamment à cause d’une connaissance assez floue concernant les acteurs (ainsi que leurs interactions) définissant (i.e., prenant part à) l’éco-système qu’est un “espace intelligent”. En outre, la multiplicité de diverses ressources connectées implique des problèmes d’interopérabilité et de scalabilité qu’il est nécessaire d’adresser. Si le Web Sémantique apporte une réponse à des problèmes d’interopérabilité, il en soulève d’autres liés au passage à l’échelle. Enfin, si des modèles représentant des “espaces intelligents” ont été développé, leur formalisme ne couvre que partiellement toutes les caractéristiques des ressoures connectées. En particulier, ces modèles tendent à omettre les caractéristiques temporelles, spatiales où encore d’appartenance liées à l’éco-système dans lequel se trouvent ces ressources. S’appuyant sur mes recherches conduites au sein des Bell Labs, cette dissertation identifie les interactions entre les différents acteurs de cet éco-système et propose des représentations formelles, basées sur une sémantique, permettant de décrire ces acteurs. Cette dissertation propose également des procédures de recherche, permettant à l’utilisateur (ou ses applications) de trouver des ressources connectées en se basant sur l’analyse de leur description sémantique. En particulier, ces procédures s’appuient sur une architecture distribuée, également décrite dans cette dissertation, afin de permettre un passage à l’échelle. Ces aides à l’utilisateur sont implémentées au travers de briques intergicielles déployées dans différentes pièces d’un bâtiment, permettant de conduire des expérimentations afin de s’assurer de la validité de l’approche employée. / With the growth in Internet of Things, the realization of environments composed of diverse connected resources (devices, sensors, services, data, etc.) becomes a tangible reality. Together with the preponderant place that smartphones take in the daily life of users, these nascent smart spaces pave the way to the development of novel types of applications; carried by the phones of nomadic users and dynamically reconfiguring themselves to make use of such appropriate connected resources. Creating these applications however goes hand-in-hand with the design of tools supporting the nomadic users roaming in these spaces, in particular by enabling the efficient selection of resources. While such a selection calls for the design of theoretically grounded descriptions, it should also consider the profile and preferences of the users. Finally, the rise of (possibly mobile) connected resources calls for designing a scalable process underlying this selection. Progress in the field is however sluggish especially because of the ignorance of the stakeholders (and the interactions between them) composing this eco-system of “IoT-enabled smart environments”. Thus, the multiplicity of diverse connected resources entails interoperability and scalability problems. While the Semantic Web helped in solving the interoperability issue, it however emphasizes the scalability one. Thus, misreading of the ecosystem led to producing models partially covering connected resource characteristics.Revolving from our research works performed over the last 6 years, this dissertation identifies the interactions between the stakeholders of the nascent ecosystem to further propose formal representations. The dissertation further designs a framework providing search capabilities to support the selection of connected resources through a semantic analysis. In particular, the framework relies on a distributed architecture that we design in order to manage scalability issues. The framework is embodied in a VR Gateway further deployed in a set of interconnected smart places and that has been assessed by several experimentations.

Um ambiente inteligente é um sistema de computação ubíqua e sensível ao contexto onde os sistemas computacionais embutidos no ambiente, a comunicação entre dispositivos e o ambiente, e a acessibilidade aos serviços do ambiente são transparentes ao usuário. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo propor um modelo para ambientes inteligentes baseado em serviços web semânticos, em que os serviços disponíveis para os dispositivos do ambiente são proporcionados como serviços web e a interação dispositivo - ambiente é feita em um contexto de computação móvel, onde a disponibilidade dos serviços e a informação de contexto do dispositivo mudam freqüentemente. No modelo proposto todas as funcionalidades do ambiente são fornecidas como serviços. Estes serviços são descobertos e executados automaticamente com a finalidade de ajudar o usuário a desenvolver tarefas específicas, permitindo ao usuário se concentrar nas tarefas e não na interação com o ambiente. O modelo se fundamenta na oferta de serviços dirigida pela tarefa a ser desenvolvida, o que é conhecido como Task-driven Computing. Por outro lado, para a automação do processo de descoberta e execução dos serviços é necessário ter uma especificação não ambígua da semântica dos serviços. Empregamos para isso a ontologia WSMO (Web Services Modeling Ontology) que fornece os elementos necessários para a descrição dos serviços disponíveis no ambiente e o contexto do dispositivo. Finalmente, como prova de conceitos do modelo proposto, foi implementado um ambiente inteligente para uma biblioteca. A ativação de um ambiente inteligente baseado no modelo proposto se baseia na definição de ontologias, descrição semântica dos serviços no ambiente e a implementação de serviços web tradicionais. / A smart environment is a system computing ubiquitous computing and context awareness, in which the computational systems embedded in the environment, the communication between devices and the environment, and the accessibility to services are transparent to the users. The aim of this work is to propose a semantic web services based model for smart environments, in which services are offered to devices as web services and the device - environment interactions are based on a mobile computing environment, in which the contextual information and availability of services change frequently. In the proposed model all functionalities in the environment are offered as services. These services are automatically discovered and executed to support the user in a specific task, allowing to the user to focus on his task and not in the interactions with the environment. The model is based on a task-driven offer of services and on task-driven computing. To automate the discovery and execution of services, we need a nonambiguous specification of the semantic of services. We use the WSMO ontology (Web Services Modeling Ontology), which provides the required elements for description of the services in the environment and the context device. Finally, as a conceptual proof of the proposed model, we implemented a smart environment for a library. In the proposed model the activation of a smart environment is based in the ontologies definition, semantic description of the services.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi implementar um sistema automático com capacidade de identificar um usuário presente em um determinado ambiente e detectar suas interações com este ambiente. A identificação automática de usuários e suas interações com o ambiente torna possível diversas aplicações vislumbradas em sistemas automáticos de controle que dependem da inserção do usuário e do seu contexto com o ambiente no algoritmo de controle. O maior desafio é desenvolver um sistema que seja ubíquo ao usuário, interferindo minimamente na maneira como ele utiliza o ambiente. Para isso, propôs-se e se implementou num ambiente real um sistema baseado numa rede com sensores distribuídos de baixo custo e na tecnologia de RFID (Radio Frequency IDentification). As interações detectadas são do tipo: usuário trabalhando no computador, abrindo a janela, acendendo a luz, deitando na cama, exercitando-se em aparelhos de ginástica, usando controle remoto, consultando livros ou outras interações de interesse que possam ser detectadas por sensores. O sistema implementado demonstrou ser capaz de identificar os usuários e suas interações com o ambiente desde que os usuários portem pequenos tags RFID para identificação durante a utilização do ambiente. / The purpose of this research was the implementation of an automatic system capable to identify a user presence in an environment and to detect his interactions with this environment. Automatic users identifications and their interactions with the environment makes possible several applications planned in automatic control systems that depends on the user context with the environment. The challenge is to develop a system that seems ubiquitous to the user and do not disturb the way he usually uses the environment. A system based in a cheap sensor network and in the RFID (Radio Frequency IDdentification) technology is proposed and implemented in a real environment. Typical examples of interactions detected are: user working on the computer, opening the window, turning on the lamp, laying down in the bed, exercising the body, using the remote control, catching books, using the remote control and other interactions possible to be detected with sensors. The implemented system demonstrated to be capable to identify users and their interactions with the environment since the users carry a small RFID tag for identification during the use of the environment.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi implementar um sistema automático com capacidade de identificar um usuário presente em um determinado ambiente e detectar suas interações com este ambiente. A identificação automática de usuários e suas interações com o ambiente torna possível diversas aplicações vislumbradas em sistemas automáticos de controle que dependem da inserção do usuário e do seu contexto com o ambiente no algoritmo de controle. O maior desafio é desenvolver um sistema que seja ubíquo ao usuário, interferindo minimamente na maneira como ele utiliza o ambiente. Para isso, propôs-se e se implementou num ambiente real um sistema baseado numa rede com sensores distribuídos de baixo custo e na tecnologia de RFID (Radio Frequency IDentification). As interações detectadas são do tipo: usuário trabalhando no computador, abrindo a janela, acendendo a luz, deitando na cama, exercitando-se em aparelhos de ginástica, usando controle remoto, consultando livros ou outras interações de interesse que possam ser detectadas por sensores. O sistema implementado demonstrou ser capaz de identificar os usuários e suas interações com o ambiente desde que os usuários portem pequenos tags RFID para identificação durante a utilização do ambiente. / The purpose of this research was the implementation of an automatic system capable to identify a user presence in an environment and to detect his interactions with this environment. Automatic users identifications and their interactions with the environment makes possible several applications planned in automatic control systems that depends on the user context with the environment. The challenge is to develop a system that seems ubiquitous to the user and do not disturb the way he usually uses the environment. A system based in a cheap sensor network and in the RFID (Radio Frequency IDdentification) technology is proposed and implemented in a real environment. Typical examples of interactions detected are: user working on the computer, opening the window, turning on the lamp, laying down in the bed, exercising the body, using the remote control, catching books, using the remote control and other interactions possible to be detected with sensors. The implemented system demonstrated to be capable to identify users and their interactions with the environment since the users carry a small RFID tag for identification during the use of the environment.

智慧家庭的概念早在半世紀前就被提出,但至今仍被認為是豪宅的配備, 到目前為止也沒有「智慧家庭產業」出現。解決智慧家庭系統的維運議題, 是智慧家庭技術普及化,進而形成產業的重要前提。Broadband Forum 所提 出的 CWMP 是目前較普及與成熟的維運技術,但 CWMP 在軟體架構與軟 體設計上仍具有改善空間,包含用企業級技術來定義嵌入裝置規範,導致 效能與擴充性不佳;領域模型設計不良,開發人員難以學習與理解,以及 Web 回呼(Callback)機制未臻完善,無法彈性應對各種裝置回呼狀況。針對 這些議題,本論文提出以資源導向架構風格來改良 CWMP,並針對現行各 種 Web Callback 機制做實驗與分析,評估適合 CWMP 應用場域中的 Callback 機制,基於上述機制,建構基於資源導向架構的 CWMP 智慧家庭服務維運 平台,並透過實驗與實作應用情境,並驗證其功能完備性、效能及實務上 之可行性。 / The vision of smart home has been depicted for over a half-century. Nevertheless, Smart Home technologies are still not widely deployed in most people’s living spaces. The main reason is that operations management technologies for smart home such as remote deployment, monitoring, and maintenance are not well studied and only a few attempts have so far been made toward this aspect. CWMP, proposed by Broadband Forum, is a promising standard for realizing a Smart Home operations management platform. Several design issues, namely, poor performance and scalability, poor domain model design and inappropriate web callback architecture, have been identified. The objective of this thesis is, therefore, to deal with the issues mentioned above by suggesting a set of new ways to design CWMP functionalities. The overall approach is based on the RESTful architectural style. Finally, the proposed designs are realized as an operations management platform prototype. Validations and experiments are performed to verify the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

Um ambiente inteligente é um sistema de computação ubíqua e sensível ao contexto onde os sistemas computacionais embutidos no ambiente, a comunicação entre dispositivos e o ambiente, e a acessibilidade aos serviços do ambiente são transparentes ao usuário. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo propor um modelo para ambientes inteligentes baseado em serviços web semânticos, em que os serviços disponíveis para os dispositivos do ambiente são proporcionados como serviços web e a interação dispositivo - ambiente é feita em um contexto de computação móvel, onde a disponibilidade dos serviços e a informação de contexto do dispositivo mudam freqüentemente. No modelo proposto todas as funcionalidades do ambiente são fornecidas como serviços. Estes serviços são descobertos e executados automaticamente com a finalidade de ajudar o usuário a desenvolver tarefas específicas, permitindo ao usuário se concentrar nas tarefas e não na interação com o ambiente. O modelo se fundamenta na oferta de serviços dirigida pela tarefa a ser desenvolvida, o que é conhecido como Task-driven Computing. Por outro lado, para a automação do processo de descoberta e execução dos serviços é necessário ter uma especificação não ambígua da semântica dos serviços. Empregamos para isso a ontologia WSMO (Web Services Modeling Ontology) que fornece os elementos necessários para a descrição dos serviços disponíveis no ambiente e o contexto do dispositivo. Finalmente, como prova de conceitos do modelo proposto, foi implementado um ambiente inteligente para uma biblioteca. A ativação de um ambiente inteligente baseado no modelo proposto se baseia na definição de ontologias, descrição semântica dos serviços no ambiente e a implementação de serviços web tradicionais. / A smart environment is a system computing ubiquitous computing and context awareness, in which the computational systems embedded in the environment, the communication between devices and the environment, and the accessibility to services are transparent to the users. The aim of this work is to propose a semantic web services based model for smart environments, in which services are offered to devices as web services and the device - environment interactions are based on a mobile computing environment, in which the contextual information and availability of services change frequently. In the proposed model all functionalities in the environment are offered as services. These services are automatically discovered and executed to support the user in a specific task, allowing to the user to focus on his task and not in the interactions with the environment. The model is based on a task-driven offer of services and on task-driven computing. To automate the discovery and execution of services, we need a nonambiguous specification of the semantic of services. We use the WSMO ontology (Web Services Modeling Ontology), which provides the required elements for description of the services in the environment and the context device. Finally, as a conceptual proof of the proposed model, we implemented a smart environment for a library. In the proposed model the activation of a smart environment is based in the ontologies definition, semantic description of the services.

Smart environments, particularly smart homes have become an increasingly popular topic for research and real world implementations. Despite the popularity of this topic, there is a lack of tools to enable inhabitants of smart environments to perceive which kind of data smart devices generate and to make inhabitants aware of who is accessing their personal information and the purpose for accessing this information. These issues have caused privacy concerns among inhabitants of smart environments – who would like to ensure their personal information is only utilized for their benefits, rather than being used for malicious purposes. Therefore, smart home environments motivate the need for privacy awareness tools to help inhabitants to better understand the privacy implications when their personal information is misused. To address this problem, this thesis suggests guidelines for the design of privacy awareness tools. A literature review evaluated instruments to conduct research about privacy concerns. The Internet Users’ Information Privacy Concerns (IUIPC) framework from Malhotra, Kim, and Agarwal was selected for the empirical part of this thesis project because it is one of the most reliable models developed to measure privacy concerns at the individual level. Quantitative data was gathered through a survey based on this framework. Data collected from 30 experts in the field of study was analyzed using linear regression analysis techniques and principal component analysis. These survey results lead to a set of guidelines that could guide designers and service providers as to what aspects of privacy concerns they should consider and what they should concentrate on when designing privacy awareness tools for ubiquitous computing systems, such as a smart home. / Intelligenta omgivningar och framförallt smarta hem har kommit att bli ett popular forskning samt impementationsområde. Trots ämnets popularitet är det en brist på verktyg som låter personer i dessa intelligenta omgivningar att förstå vilken typ av data som genereras av de smarta apparaterna, att de förstår vem som får tillgång till deras privatinformation och syftet till att informationen används. Dessa problem leder till påverkar användarintegriteten för personerna i de intelligenta omgivningarna. Personerna vill försäkra sig om att deras privatinformation används till deras fördel och inte missbrukas. Det finns ett behov av integretetsverktyg som kan hjälpa personerna att få en bättre förståelse över hur deras integritet påverkas när deras privatinformation missbrukas. Den här rapporten syftar till att behandla detta problem genom att ta fram riktlinjer baserade på användarnas oro kring deras integritet. En litteraturstudie genomfördes för att utvärderade metoder för att genomföra forskning på användarintegritet. Ramverket Internet Users’ Information Privacy Concerns (IUIPC) från Malhotra, Kim, och Agarwal valdes eftersom det var den en av de mest pålitliga modellen för att mäta den individuella oron kring integriteten hos användarna. Kvantitativ data samlades in genom ett formulär baserat på IUIPC ramverket. Datan samlades in under den empiriska fasen utav 30 experter inom forskningsområdet. Linjär regression och principalkomponentanalys användes för att analysera datan från undersökningen. Resultatet från undersökningen diskuterades med målet att tillhandahålla riktlinjer till utvecklare och tjänsteleverantörer, om vilka integritets aspecter vilket bör övervägas samt focusera på vid utveckling av integretetsverktyg för ubika datasystem.