Linha de Produto de Software (LP) é uma forma sistemática de promover a geração de produtos de software específicos baseados no reúso de uma infraestrutura bem definida. Conceitos de LP aplicados ao domínio de Gestão de Processos de Negócio (BPM - Business Process Management) já apresentaram resultados significativos, entretanto, o escopo de aplicação e os benefícios ainda são limitados. Essas limitações ocorrem, pois as abordagens de LP já existentes para BPM normalmente não cobrem todo o ciclo de vida de processos de negócio e não oferecem o devido tratamento aos aspectos dinâmicos que as organizações demandam para esse domínio. Linha de Produto de Software Dinâmica (LPD) é uma evolução das LPs tradicionais que tem proporcionado uma forma eficiente para lidar com adaptações de produtos em tempo de execução. LPDs podem ser aplicadas, por exemplo, no contexto de arquiteturas SOA (Service-oriented Architecture), que por sua vez podem ser usadas como base tecnológica para viabilizar BPM nas organizações. Dentro desse contexto, este trabalho propõe uma abordagem de LPD para atender as necessidades de organizações interessadas em realizar processos de negócio, por meio de um alinhamento entre conceitos de BPM e SOA. A abordagem proposta aqui, denominada Dynamic Product Line for Business Process Management (DynPL4BPM), visa ser abrangente o suficiente para cobrir todo o ciclo de vida de BPM, sendo previsto o tratamento de aspectos dinâmicos que o domínio de BPM requer. Uma avaliação sistemática e comparativa demonstrou que a abordagem proposta é bem sucedida em apresentar processos bem mais abrangentes que outras soluções similares já propostas na literatura para o mesmo fim. / Software Product Line (PL) is a systematic way to promote the generation of specific software products based on the reuse of a well-defined infrastructure. Concepts of PL applied to Business Process Management (BPM) have already presented significant results; however, the application scope and benefits are still limited. These limitations occur because the existing approaches of LP for BPM usually do not cover the entire lifecycle of business processes and do not provide proper treatment to the dynamic aspects that organizations demand for this domain. Dynamic Software Product Line (DPL) is an evolution of traditional PLs that has provided an efficient way to deal with adaptations of products at runtime. DPLs can be applied, for example, in the SOA (Service-oriented Architecture) context, which in turn can be used as technological basis to enable BPM within organizations. Within this context, this dissertation proposes a DPL approach to meet the needs of organizations interested in carrying out business processes by means of an alignment between BPM and SOA concepts. The approach proposed here, called Dynamic Product Line for Business Process Management (DynPL4BPM), aims to be comprehensive enough to cover the entire BPM lifecycle, including the treatment of dynamic aspects that the BPM domain requires. A systematic and comparative assessment showed that the proposed approach is successful in presenting processes much more comprehensive than other similar solutions already proposed in the literature for the same purpose.

Durant la dernière décennie, les architectures orientées services (SOA) d'une part et la gestion des processus business (BPM) d'autre part ont beaucoup évolué et semblent maintenant en train de converger vers un but commun qui est de permettre à des organisations complètement hétérogènes de partager de manière flexible leurs ressources dans le but d'atteindre des objectifs communs, et ce, à travers des schémas de collaboration avancée. Ces derniers permettent de spécifier l'interconnexion des processus métier de différentes organisations. La nature dynamique et la complexité de ces processus posent des défis majeurs quant à leur bonne exécution. Certes, les langages de description de chorégraphie aident à réduire cette complexité en fournissant des moyens pour décrire des systèmes complexes à un niveau abstrait. Toutefois, rien ne garantit que des situations erronées ne se produisent pas suite, par exemple, à des interactions "mal" spécifiées ou encore des comportements malhonnêtes d'un des partenaires. Dans ce manuscrit, nous proposons une approche décentralisée qui permet la supervision de chorégraphies au moment de leur exécution et la détection instantanée de violations de séquences d'interaction. Nous définissons un modèle de propagation hiérarchique pour l'échange de notifications externes entre les partenaires. Notre approche permet une génération optimisée de requêtes de supervision dans un environnement événementiel, et ce, d'une façon automatique et à partir de tout modèle de chorégraphie / Cross-organizational service-based processes are increasingly adopted by different companies when they can not achieve goals on their own. The dynamic nature of these processes poses various challenges to their successful execution. In order to guarantee that all involved partners are informed about errors that may happen in the collaboration, it is necessary to monitor the execution process by continuously observing and checking message exchanges during runtime. This allows a global process tracking and evaluation of process metrics. Complex event processing can address this concern by analyzing and evaluating message exchange events, to the aim of checking if the actual behavior of the interacting entities effectively adheres to the modeled business constraints. In this thesis, we present an approach for decentralized monitoring of cross-organizational choreographies. We define a hierarchical propagation model for exchanging external notifications between the collaborating parties. We also propose a runtime event-based approach to deal with the problem of monitoring conformance of interaction sequences. Our approach allows for an automatic and optimized generation of rules. After parsing the choreography graph into a hierarchy of canonical blocks, tagging each event by its block ascendancy, an optimized set of monitoring queries is generated. We evaluate the concepts based on a scenario showing how much the number of queries can be significantly reduced

O planejamento de experimentos em sistemas computacionais não é uma tarefa trivial, pois envolve diversas etapas tais como, o planejamento propriamente dito, a execução dos experimentos e a análise dos resultados. A definição e a utilização de metodologias adequadas para cada uma destas etapas facilita a obtenção dos resultados de um experimento em um sistema computacional. Neste trabalho são apresentados mecanismos para auxiliar o planejamento e execução de experimentos em sistemas orientados a serviços. O planejamento de experimento é realizado a partir de um modelo baseado nos conjuntos de entradas comuns a arquiteturas orientadas a serviço. A execução deste planejamento é feita em um ambiente colaborativo real, a qual auxilia a identificação de gargalos que não estão presentes em simulações ou modelos analíticos. Um estudo de caso aplicado na arquitetura WSARCH, possibilitou avaliar seu desempenho e identificar problemas de configuração / The design of experiments in computational systems is not a trivial task as it involves several steps such as planning and execution of the experiments and the analyse of the results. The use of appropriate methodologies for each of these steps makes it easier obtain the experiment results of a computer system. In this dissertation, mechanisms to assist the planning and execution of experiments in service-oriented systems are presented. The planning of the experiment is made according to a model based on a set of common entries for service-oriented architectures. The experiment execution is performed in a real collaborative environment, which helps to identify bottlenecks that are not found in simulations or analytical models. A study case applied in WSARCH architecture, enables to evaluate the performance and identify configuration problems

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T18:12:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Vanessa Lopes.pdf: 56523681 bytes, checksum: aaa38252f6f27a23581572c5ac834093 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-12-10 / The technological, material and economical transformations that have marked the last decades changed the way that people create, store and share information due to the progress achieved by ICT (Information and Communication Technology). The objective of this dissertation is to test the new paradigm of Cloud Computing, from which new virtual architectures are built as on-­‐demand services, involving creative processes and new communication procedures in digital environments. To do so, the dissertation proposes the principle of AaaS (Art as a Service) as an update to the discussions about art and media, exposing the recent transformations operating in the boundaries of media derivatives. The research presents an interdisciplinary bibliography which transits between studies in communication, art and culture. In conceptual terms, it departs from the understanding of artmedia, proposed by Arlindo Machado (2009), from the concepts of world-­‐culture and hypermodernity pointed by Gilles Lipovetsky and Jean Serroy (2010) and from the studies of the post-­‐media condition, elaborated by art critic Rosalind Krauss (2000). The research corpus is composed by experiments on ambient, materiality and image but without holding on to specific media or genres. These are analysed, not only from a theoretical point of view, but also from a practical methodology which testing the cloud-­‐map configuration in the second chapter. In line with these movements, we sought to collaborate with the network of critics, curators, artists, producers and institutions that have launched a new view on the theme, identifying the confluences and incompatibilities between the diverse fields involved / As transformações tecnológicas, materiais e econômicas que marcaram as últimas décadas, mudaram a forma como as pessoas criam, armazenam e compartilham informação por conta dos avanços encabeçados pela ITC (Tecnologia da Informação e Comunicação). O objetivo desta dissertação é testar o novo paradigma da Cloud Computing, a partir do qual novas arquiteturas virtuais são construídas na forma de serviços sob demanda, envolvendo processos de criação e novos procedimentos para se comunicar em ambientes digitais. Para tanto, a dissertação propõe o princípio AaaS (Art as a Service) como um update para as discussões sobre a relação entre arte e mídia, explicitando transformações recentes que operam nas fronteiras dos derivados da mídia. A pesquisa apresenta uma bibliografia interdisciplinar que transita entre autores da area de comunicação e dos estudos da cultura e da arte. Em termos conceituais, parte do entendimento de artemídia, proposto por Arlindo Machado (2009), dos conceitos de cultura-­‐mundo e hipermodernidade, apontados por Gilles Lipovetsky e Jean Serroy (2010) e dos estudos da condição pós-­‐mídia, elaborados pela crítica de arte Rosalind Krauss (2000). O corpus da pesquisa é composto por experimentos que exploram a relação entre ambiente, materialidade e imagem, sem se ater a suportes ou gêneros específicos. Estes são analisados, não apenas do ponto de vista teórico, mas a partir de uma metodologia prática que testa a configuração de mapas-­‐nuvens no segundo capítulo. Em sintonia com estes movimentos, buscamos colaborar com a rede de críticos, curadores, artistas, produtores e instituições fomentadoras que vem lançando um novo olhar sobre o tema, identificando as confluências e incompatibilidades entre os diversos campos envolvidos

Linha de Produto de Software (LP) é uma forma sistemática de promover a geração de produtos de software específicos baseados no reúso de uma infraestrutura bem definida. Conceitos de LP aplicados ao domínio de Gestão de Processos de Negócio (BPM - Business Process Management) já apresentaram resultados significativos, entretanto, o escopo de aplicação e os benefícios ainda são limitados. Essas limitações ocorrem, pois as abordagens de LP já existentes para BPM normalmente não cobrem todo o ciclo de vida de processos de negócio e não oferecem o devido tratamento aos aspectos dinâmicos que as organizações demandam para esse domínio. Linha de Produto de Software Dinâmica (LPD) é uma evolução das LPs tradicionais que tem proporcionado uma forma eficiente para lidar com adaptações de produtos em tempo de execução. LPDs podem ser aplicadas, por exemplo, no contexto de arquiteturas SOA (Service-oriented Architecture), que por sua vez podem ser usadas como base tecnológica para viabilizar BPM nas organizações. Dentro desse contexto, este trabalho propõe uma abordagem de LPD para atender as necessidades de organizações interessadas em realizar processos de negócio, por meio de um alinhamento entre conceitos de BPM e SOA. A abordagem proposta aqui, denominada Dynamic Product Line for Business Process Management (DynPL4BPM), visa ser abrangente o suficiente para cobrir todo o ciclo de vida de BPM, sendo previsto o tratamento de aspectos dinâmicos que o domínio de BPM requer. Uma avaliação sistemática e comparativa demonstrou que a abordagem proposta é bem sucedida em apresentar processos bem mais abrangentes que outras soluções similares já propostas na literatura para o mesmo fim. / Software Product Line (PL) is a systematic way to promote the generation of specific software products based on the reuse of a well-defined infrastructure. Concepts of PL applied to Business Process Management (BPM) have already presented significant results; however, the application scope and benefits are still limited. These limitations occur because the existing approaches of LP for BPM usually do not cover the entire lifecycle of business processes and do not provide proper treatment to the dynamic aspects that organizations demand for this domain. Dynamic Software Product Line (DPL) is an evolution of traditional PLs that has provided an efficient way to deal with adaptations of products at runtime. DPLs can be applied, for example, in the SOA (Service-oriented Architecture) context, which in turn can be used as technological basis to enable BPM within organizations. Within this context, this dissertation proposes a DPL approach to meet the needs of organizations interested in carrying out business processes by means of an alignment between BPM and SOA concepts. The approach proposed here, called Dynamic Product Line for Business Process Management (DynPL4BPM), aims to be comprehensive enough to cover the entire BPM lifecycle, including the treatment of dynamic aspects that the BPM domain requires. A systematic and comparative assessment showed that the proposed approach is successful in presenting processes much more comprehensive than other similar solutions already proposed in the literature for the same purpose.

O desenvolvimento e a utilização de ambientes computacionais como apoio ao ensino e aprendizagem, aliados à evolução da computação móvel, têm contribuído significativamente para o estabelecimento de uma nova modalidade de ensino conhecida como aprendizagem móvel ou mobile learning (m-learning). Nesse cenário emergente, os ambientes educacionais existentes, mesmo possuindo diversos benefícios e facilidades no que diz respeito ao ensino e aprendizagem, apresentam problemas e desafios que precisam ser explorados. Um dos aspectos relevantes a ser investigado refere-se ao estabelecimento e adoção de padrões arquiteturais. De fato, grande parte desses ambientes é construída de forma isolada, possuindo arquiteturas e estruturas próprias, o que pode impactar negativamente a capacidade de padronização. O presente trabalho de pesquisa insere-se neste contexto, tendo como principal objetivo investigar e definir uma arquitetura de referência orientada a serviço voltada para ambientes de aprendizagem móvel. Tal arquitetura, denominada Ref-mLearning, visa contribuir para a evolução, reúso e interoperabilidade desses ambientes, possibilitando ainda um aumento na qualidade e redução de custos durante o seu desenvolvimento. Resultados alcançados por meio de avaliações e condução de um estudo de caso demonstram que a Ref-mLearning é uma arquitetura viável possuindo uma boa estrutura e organização para o desenvolvimento de ambientes de aprendizagem móvel orientados a serviço. / The development and use of computational environment to support the teaching and learning, together with the evolution of mobile computing, have contributed significantly to the establishment of a new mode of teaching known as mobile learning (m-learning). In this emerging scenario, the existing educational environments, despite having various benefits and facilities with regard to teaching and learning, present problems and challenges that need to be explored. An important aspect to be investigated refers to the establishment and adoption of architectural patterns. In fact, many of these environments is built in isolation, possessing own architectures and structures, which may negatively impact the standardization capacity. This research work is part of this context, the main objective to investigate and define a service-oriented reference architecture for mobile learning environments. Such an architecture, called Ref-mLearning, aims to contribute to the evolution, reuse and interoperability of these environments, still enabling an increase in quality and cost reduction during its development. Results achieved through evaluations and conducting a case study show that Ref-mLearning is a viable architecture having a good structure and organization for the development of a service-oriented mobile learning environment.

<p>Sve češćom upotrebom cloud okruženja dolazi do potrebe da se postojeća softverska rešenja migriraju. Metodologija za migraciju na cloud postoji više, gde se u finalnim fazama planiraju modifikacije nad arhitekturom softvera tako da se iskoriste prednosti cloud sistema. Za ekonomsku efikasnost usled uštede resursa je neophodna višeorganizacijska osobina. Svrha ovog istraživanja je da pojasni višeorganizacijsko svojstvo i da predloži rešenje za migraciju postojećih softvera na višeorganizacijski SaaS ali sa što manje neophodnih modifikacija ciljnog softvera. S toga je predloženo rešenje platforma koja omogućuje lakšu migraciju. Nakon faze istraživanja i sagledavanja domena pametnih elektroenergetskih mreža, kreiran je prototip predloženog rešenja kao i niz eksperimenata u skladu sa definisanim naučnim pitanjima. Eksperimenti su izvršeni u privatnom cloud okruženju. Hipoteze su adresirane kroz viziju primene rešenja na NDMS (Napredni distributivni menadžment sistem) u slučaju šest organizacija, a doneti su sledeći zaključci: višeorganizacijskim modelom se ostvaruju uštede u resursima od 32%, za tri reda veličine veća visoka dostupnost, ali uz usporenja do 20 milisekundi po svakom servisnom zahtevu. Takođe, aplikativni model učesnika modernih PaaS usluga nije primeren gde je sinhronizam zahtevan, niti u slučajevima gde se očekuju odgovori nad skupom učesnika u realnom vremenu. Istraživanje ukazuje na mogućnost primene višeorganizacijskog modela čak i u slučaju kompleksnih rešenja kakva se sreću u domenu pametnih elektroenergetskih mreža, a akademskom validacijom potvrđuju način implementacije važnog finalnog koraka u procesu migracije softvera na cloud bazirani SaaS.</p> / <p>Progressive cloud adoption requires migration of existing software solutions. Today, many cloud adoption methodologies exist. Usually, the final phase in cloud adoption include software architecture modifications to make the most of the benefits of cloud computing, like multi-tenancy which enables economic efficiency. The aim of this research is to explain the multi-tenancy and to provide a solution for migration of existing software to multi-tenant SaaS while modifying the target software as little as possible. Therefore, the research proposes a platform that enables easier cloud adoption. After the research phase focused on a smart grid domain, the prototype was created with experiments targeting formulated research questions. The experiments were conducted in a private cloud environment. Research hypotheses were analyzed using hypothetical multi-tenant ADMS (Advanced Distribution Management System) in case of six tenants, with the following conclusions: multi-tenancy saves 32% of resources, it provides three orders of magnitude higher availability, but affects performances by introducing a delay of up to 20 milliseconds per service request. Also, reliable actors programing model used in modern PaaS services is not suitable in use cases with needs for synchronous behavior, nor in in use cases where querying a set of actors is needed in real time. The research demonstrates feasibility of applying multi-tenancy even in cases of complex software solutions like the ones in the smart grid domain. The proposed solution is academically validated and it can be used as a final important step in migration of existing software to cloud based multi-tenant SaaS.</p>

Die Strukturierung und Nutzung von unternehmensinternen IT-Infrastrukturen auf Grundlage dienstorientierter Architekturen (SOA) und etablierter XML-Technologien ist in den vergangenen Jahren stetig gewachsen. Lag der Fokus anfänglicher SOA-Realisierungen auf der flexiblen Ausführung klassischer, unternehmensrelevanter Geschäftsprozesse, so bilden heutzutage zeitnahe Datenanalysen sowie die Überwachung von geschäftsrelevanten Ereignissen weitere wichtige Anwendungsklassen, um sowohl kurzfristig Probleme des Geschäftsablaufes zu identifizieren als auch um mittel- und langfristige Veränderungen im Markt zu erkennen und die Geschäftsprozesse des Unternehmens flexibel darauf anzupassen. Aufgrund der geschichtlich bedingten, voneinander unabhängigen Entwicklung der drei Anwendungsklassen, werden die jeweiligen Anwendungsprozesse gegenwärtig in eigenständigen Systemen modelliert und ausgeführt. Daraus resultiert jedoch eine Reihe von Nachteilen, welche diese Arbeit aufzeigt und ausführlich diskutiert. Vor diesem Hintergrund beschäftigte sich die vorliegende Arbeit mit der Ableitung einer konsolidierten Ausführungsplattform, die es ermöglicht, Prozesse aller drei Anwendungsklassen gemeinsam zu modellieren und in einer SOA-basierten Infrastruktur effizient auszuführen. Die vorliegende Arbeit adressiert die Probleme einer solchen konsolidierten Ausführungsplattform auf den drei Ebenen der Dienstkommunikation, der Prozessausführung und der optimalen Verteilung von SOA-Komponenten in einer Infrastruktur.

Teleworking is the key to a more flexible design of working time and places of work. To reach the flexibility for working anywhere and anytime a virtual working environment is needed which is reached from any place having a browser and internet access, at home, on the road or in the office. The goal of our activities is to develop a set of technologies fitting in the web architecture in order to bring teleworking applications to their full potential. Our new concept is to combine different web services in a new integrated man-machine environment that enables access to all necessary services. So it will be easier for the teleworker to handle the different applications and techniques. The teleworking portal provides them access to various resources: office applications, multimedia objects and documents, communication tools such as email and conferences, collaboration and group work systems or educational software and training tools. In order to promote interoperability and extensibility among these applications, as well as to allow them to be combined to perform more complex operations, a standard reference architecture for such services is needed. Consequently our approach is based on the Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) and the web service technology. / Telearbeit ist der Schlüssel zu einer flexibleren Arbeitsplatz- und Arbeitszeitgestaltung und eröffnet vielfältige Möglichkeiten und ökonomische Potentiale. Nach zahlreichen Kontroversen über die Vor- und Nachteile haben vor allem die Entwicklung kostengünstiger Informations- und Kommunikationstechniken, aber auch der Handlungsdruck einer zunehmend globalisierten Wirtschaft das Thema Telearbeit in den letzten Jahren neu belebt. Im Rahmen vorangegangener Projekte wurden vielfältige Forschungen zum Thema Telearbeit durchgeführt. Bei der bisherigen Umsetzung von Telearbeit in der Praxis ergaben sich vor allem Probleme im Umgang mit den verschiedenen Arbeitsumgebungen im Büro und am Telearbeitsplatz und dem Abgleich der Arbeitsstände und -ergebnisse. Ziel der Arbeit ist die prototypische Entwicklung einer webbasierten, flexiblen und modular aufgebauten Arbeitsumgebung, die eine effektive Anpassung an die Arbeitsweise des jeweiligen Telearbeiters und Unternehmens ermöglicht. Dabei wurde neben der Definition und Anforderungsanalyse von Telearbeit ein Architekturmodell für eine integrierte Arbeitsumgebung entworfen. Durch die umgesetzte Bausteinarchitektur wird eine flexible Anpassung der Umgebung an die Bedürfnisse der Telearbeiter und der Unternehmen erreicht. Weiterhin werden im Rahmen der Arbeit existierende Ansätze zur Unterstützung von Telearbeit analysiert und klassifiziert, um die eigene Arbeit abzugrenzen. Zur praktischen Umsetzung des Konzeptes wurden vorhandene internetbasierte Protokolle auf ihre Nutzbarkeit für Telearbeitsumgebungen untersucht. Als sehr gut geeignete und innovative Technologien erwiesen sich die Web Services. Deshalb werden die Basisprotokolle und grundlegenden Technologien für Web-Service-Lösungen im Rahmen der Arbeit spezifiziert und auf ihre Nutzbarkeit im Telearbeitskontext untersucht. Abschließend erfolgte eine prototypische Umsetzung der vorgeschlagenen Lösung und eine Validierung in verschiedenen Anwendungsszenarien, um die Praxistauglichkeit des Konzeptes nachweisen zu können.

Service-orientation and the underlying concept of service-oriented architectures are a means to successfully address the need for flexibility and interoperability of software applications, which in turn leads to improved IT support of business processes. With a growing level of diffusion, sophistication and maturity, the number of services and interdependencies is gradually rising. This increasingly requires companies to implement a systematic management of services along their entire lifecycle. Service lifecycle management (SLM), i.e., the management of services from the initiating idea to their disposal, is becoming a crucial success factor. Not surprisingly, the academic and practice communities increasingly postulate comprehensive IT support for SLM to counteract the inherent complexity. The topic is still in its infancy, with no comprehensive models available that help evaluating and designing IT support in SLM. This thesis presents a reference architecture for SLM and applies it to the evaluation and designing of SLM IT support in companies. The artifact, which largely resulted from consortium research efforts, draws from an extensive analysis of existing SLM applications, case studies, focus group discussions, bilateral interviews and existing literature. Formal procedure models and a configuration terminology allow adapting and applying the reference architecture to a company’s individual setting. Corresponding usage examples prove its applicability and demonstrate the arising benefits within various SLM IT support design and evaluation tasks. A statistical analysis of the knowledge embodied within the reference data leads to novel, highly significant findings. For example, contemporary standard applications do not yet emphasize the lifecycle concept but rather tend to focus on small parts of the lifecycle, especially on service operation. This forces user companies either into a best-of-breed or a custom-development strategy if they are to implement integrated IT support for their SLM activities. SLM software vendors and internal software development units need to undergo a paradigm shift in order to better reflect the numerous interdependencies and increasing intertwining within services’ lifecycles. The SLM architecture is a first step towards achieving this goal.