Diese Diplomarbeit behandelt das Themengebiet der automatischen Erzeugung von grafischen Benutzeroberflächen (GUIs) im Kontext von Webservices. Es geht dabei konkret um einen Editor, mit dem Hinweise zur Generierung von Dialogen erstellt werden können. Diese Hinweise sollen dann von den dialogerzeugenden Anwendungen einbezogen werden, um eine dynamische Interaktion mit Webservices durch beliebige Nutzer ohne dienstspezifische Software zu ermöglichen. Die Arbeit führt in die aktuellen Techniken zur GUI-Generierung ein und stellt Transformationsprinzipien vor, die eine Generierung ausgehend von einem formalen Datenmodell ermöglichen. Dabei müssen mangelnde Modellparameter in Beschreibungen von Webservices manuell ausgeglichen werden (WSGUI-Konzepte). Diese Zielstellung führt zum Entwurf des WSGUI-Editors. Die anschließende Implementierung berücksichtigt darüber hinaus Integrationsaspekte wie die Publizierung von WSGUI-Hinweisen, Einbindung von GUI-Übersetzungen und eine Vorschau auf die zu generierenden Dialoge. Abgeschlossen wird die Arbeit mit einer Bewertung des Editors, aber auch einer Reihe von Vorschlägen zur Vereinfachung ähnlich gelagerter zukünftiger Projekte im Umfeld von Webservices.

Die Strukturierung und Nutzung von unternehmensinternen IT-Infrastrukturen auf Grundlage dienstorientierter Architekturen (SOA) und etablierter XML-Technologien ist in den vergangenen Jahren stetig gewachsen. Lag der Fokus anfänglicher SOA-Realisierungen auf der flexiblen Ausführung klassischer, unternehmensrelevanter Geschäftsprozesse, so bilden heutzutage zeitnahe Datenanalysen sowie die Überwachung von geschäftsrelevanten Ereignissen weitere wichtige Anwendungsklassen, um sowohl kurzfristig Probleme des Geschäftsablaufes zu identifizieren als auch um mittel- und langfristige Veränderungen im Markt zu erkennen und die Geschäftsprozesse des Unternehmens flexibel darauf anzupassen. Aufgrund der geschichtlich bedingten, voneinander unabhängigen Entwicklung der drei Anwendungsklassen, werden die jeweiligen Anwendungsprozesse gegenwärtig in eigenständigen Systemen modelliert und ausgeführt. Daraus resultiert jedoch eine Reihe von Nachteilen, welche diese Arbeit aufzeigt und ausführlich diskutiert. Vor diesem Hintergrund beschäftigte sich die vorliegende Arbeit mit der Ableitung einer konsolidierten Ausführungsplattform, die es ermöglicht, Prozesse aller drei Anwendungsklassen gemeinsam zu modellieren und in einer SOA-basierten Infrastruktur effizient auszuführen. Die vorliegende Arbeit adressiert die Probleme einer solchen konsolidierten Ausführungsplattform auf den drei Ebenen der Dienstkommunikation, der Prozessausführung und der optimalen Verteilung von SOA-Komponenten in einer Infrastruktur.

Mina meddelanden (English: My Messages) is a secure electronic mail service provided by seven Swedish public authorities, which may be used by the Swedish population to electronically receive mail from the public sector. The IT infrastructure of this mail service is primarily developed and maintained by the Swedish Tax Agency. It is built on Web Services and the principles of Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA). This allows external stakeholders to connect to the system as subsystems: Senders, Postal Services or Mailbox Operators, each designed to either send, mediate or receive mail using Web Services. Used in this way, Web Services allow for a loosely coupled system, however, system upgrades must be deployed in an orderly fashion so as to prevent breakdowns. The main research areas of this literature review, conducted with an iterative search process, include versioning of Web Services, SOA strategies, design patterns and frameworks. Based on the findings of this research, two theoretical approaches are suggested for Mina meddelanden: (i) a gradual change between two strictly controlled versions with a unified repository to store relevant Web service artifacts and documentations, and (ii) more generally to implement an integration platform that includes a service bus to mediate messages to the most suitable version. Mina meddelanden is a government project, and there are strict IT regulations and directives that must be followed. Therefore, the first approach is the most suitable at the time of writing, since there is already a working version of the system that follows these rules. Future implementation of an integration platform requires further study to ensure legal requirements are met. / Mina meddelanden är en säker digital posttjänst som tillhandahålls av sju svenska myndigheter och kan användas av den svenska befolkningen för att ta emot post elektroniskt från den offentliga sektorn. IT-infrastrukturen av denna posttjänst utvecklas och underhålls främst av Skatteverket. Den är byggd på webbtjänster och principerna av en tjänsteorienterad arkitektur (SOA). Detta gör det möjligt för externa aktörer att ansluta till systemet som delsystemen: Avsändare, Förmedlare eller Brevlådeoperatörer som är utformade för att antingen skicka, förmedla eller ta emot e-post med hjälp av webbtjänster. Webbtjänster gör det möjligt för delsystemen att samarbeta med varandra, men uppdateringar utav ett sådant system måste ske på ett metodiskt sätt för att förhindra haverier. Det huvudsakliga undersökningsområdet av denna litteraturstudie, genomfördes med en iterativ sökprocess, omfattas av versionshantering av webbtjänster, SOA strategier, designmallar och ramverk. Baserat på litteraturstudien förslås två teoretiska tillvägagångssätt för Mina meddelanden: (i) en succesiv förändring mellan två strikta och kontrollerade versioner med ett enat förvar för att lagra relevanta webbtjänster artefakter och dokumentationer och (ii) en mer generell lösning att implementera en integrationsplattform som inkluderar en tjänstebuss för att förmedla meddelanden till den mest passande versionen. Mina meddelanden är ett statligt projekt och måste därför följa strikta IT direktiv och riktlinjer, så det första tillvägagångssättet är den bäst kvalificerad i skrivande stund på grund av att det redan finns en fungerande version av systemet som följer dessa regler. Framtida implementationer av en integrationsplattform kräver ytterligare studier för att säkerställa att juridiska krav är uppnådda.

The chemical and optical properties of particulate organic compounds remain unclear, which leaves large uncertainties in the estimation of global radiative transfer balance. Gas and find particle (PM2.5) phase formic acid concentrations were measured with online instrumentation during separate one-month studies in the summer of 2010 in Los Angeles (LA), CA, and Atlanta, GA, and the gas-particle partitioning behavior was investigated and compared with that of water-soluble organic compounds (WSOC). The diurnal profiles clearly indicated that the photochemistry production serves as a strong source for the formation of organics, while the correlation between the gas and particle phase suggested that another partitioning route, the aqueous reactions, is also very important. Later, the optical properties of light-absorbing organic compounds were examined. Little is known about the optical importance of light absorbing particulate organic compounds (brown carbon), especially its extent and absorption relative to black carbon throughout the tropospheric column. Mie theory was applied to size-resolved spectrophotometric absorption measurements of methanol and water-extracts from cascade impactor substrates collected at three surface sites around Atlanta, GA, including both urban and rural. These results were applied to similar measurements of brown carbon in extracts from aircraft bulk filter samples collected over central USA. At the surface sites predicted light absorption by brown carbon relative to total absorption (brown carbon plus pure black carbon) was about 10% and 30% at 350 nm, versus 1 and 11% at 450 nm, for water and methanol extracts, respectively. The relative contribution of brown carbon was greater in the free troposphere and significantly increased with altitude. Although this approach has limitations, it demonstrates the ubiquity and significant potential contribution of brown carbon.

A distributed business process is executed in a distributed computing environment. The service-oriented architecture (SOA) paradigm is a popular option for the integration of software services and execution of distributed business processes. Entailment constraints, such as mutual exclusion and binding constraints, are important means to control process execution. Mutually exclusive tasks result from the division of powerful rights and responsibilities to prevent fraud and abuse. In contrast, binding constraints define that a subject who performed one task must also perform the corresponding bound task(s). (authors' abstract)

Next Generation Networks (NGNs) aim to provide a unified network infrastructure to offer multimedia data and telecommunication services through IP convergence. NGNs utilize multiple broadband, QoS-enabled transport technologies, creating a converged packet-switched network infrastructure, where service-related functions are separated from the transport functions. This requires significant changes in the way how networks are managed to handle the complexity and heterogeneity of NGNs. This thesis proposes a Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) based management framework that integrates heterogeneous management systems in a loose coupling manner. The key benefit of the proposed management architecture is the reduction of the complexity through service and data integration. A network management middleware layer that merges low level management functionality with higher level management operations to resolve the problem of heterogeneity was proposed. A prototype was implemented using Web Services and a testbed was developed using trouble ticket systems as the management application to demonstrate the functionality of the proposed framework. Test results show the correcting functioning of the system. It also concludes that the proposed framework fulfils the principles behind the SOA philosophy.

摘要 財政部於民國90年11月通過金融控股公司法，此法鼓勵了金融相關產業(證券、銀行、保險、基金等業務)朝向業務整合，擴張金融版圖方向努力。如此大規模的金融經營型態調整，不僅是金融體機構的整併，尚得藉由資訊系統的整合以發揮其最大效用。隨著網路人口的增加，Charles Schwab由網路下單服務所獲得的利益，日漸吸引金融業者的網路金融投資。在經濟衰退、失業率漸增、微利率的時代，民眾在理財上也就逐漸投注更多心力。 有鑒於以上的發展，本研究乃著手收集相關文獻，整理分析相關知識作為研究基礎，利用具跨平台特性Java為開發工具且以銀行公會制定之交易訊息格式標準做為溝通的基礎，選擇以Web Service SOA作為系統模型，提出本研究的雛型架構，並實作雛型系統以驗證此架構的可行性。 綜合本研究最大成果在於：(1)參考實際金融理財服務需求，建構鬆散性結構的金融服務。(2)透過具延展性、獨立性及可移植性平台做異質性的資訊系統整合。(3)提供用戶自行設定或是組合客製化服務，協助用戶輕鬆理財。 為求本研究能發揮最大的貢獻，期望以下議題能有合適解決方案：(1)線上網路交易的付款機制能獲得網路大眾最大的信任。(2)金融產業結盟，以提供使用者最多選擇及理財整合。(3)政府長久規劃以整合現有金融資源，提升整體產業競爭力，邁向國際化。 關鍵字：XML、Web Service、SOA、資訊系統整合、金融控股、理財 / Abstract The Ministry of finance enacted the Financial Holding Company Act in November 2001. The law encourages relevant financial industries, such as securities, banks, insurance, funds, and so on, in order to integrate business and expand financial territories. Such large-scale adjustment of financial management patterns indicates the incorporation of financial institutions, and it effectively develops itself to the most through the integration of information systems. With the increase of Internet population, Charles Schwab gradually attracts the financial investment on the Internet as a result of the benefits gained from the Internet service. In the era of economic recession, high unemployment rates and low interest rates, the public gradually put in more efforts in managing finances. As a result of the above-mentioned development, this research aims to collect relevant literature, and to analyze relevant background knowledge as the research foundation. The trans-platform Java will be adopted as the development tool, and the Message Format Specification of the business transactions established by the Association of Banks will be regarded as the foundation of communication. Moreover, Web Service SOA will be chosen as the system model, and the miniature structure of this research will be proposed. Finally, the miniature system will be practically established in order to test and verify the feasibility of this structure. The largest outcome of this research lies in: (1) the consultation of the service requirement in practical financial management in order to construct the financial service with loose structures, (2) the establishment of heterogeneity in the integration of information systems though the expanded, independent, and transplantable platform, and (3) the supply of the service on subscribers’ self-setup or the combination with customization in order to assist them in managing finances easily. In order to make the most contribution out of this research, it is hoped that the following issues can have appropriate solutions: (1) the payment mechanism in on-line business transactions can gain the public’s trust and confidence, (2) financial industries can form an alliance to provide users with the most choices and integration of financial management, and (3) the government plans to integrate the available financial resources for a long time to promote the competitiveness of the overall industries toward internationalization. Key word: XML、Web Service、SOA、Integrated Information System、Finance

In this dissertation we present the research findings around two important hot topics of modern and future fiber-optic communication systems: 100 Gbit/s transmission and alloptical processing of received phase-modulated signals. The findings are discussed in the same chronological order they were obtained. Each topic is summarized in two chapters that correspond to one selected journal and one conference publications. The first and second chapters are dedicated to the simulation and numerical analysis of 100 Gbit/s systems. In chapter one, we present a thorough investigation of the best 100 Gbit/s serial modulation format. Seven different modulation formats are considered and are compared in terms of tolerance to dispersion and maximum reach for a 10⁻⁹ bit error rate target. In chapter two, the behavior of chapter one’s best candidate is analyzed in a realistic environment. The influence of the existing lower data rate neighboring channels is discussed in particular. The results of these two chapters were obtained in collaboration with engineers from the Deutsche Telekom Technology Center in Darmstadt, Germany. They served as a theoretical basis for a field trial carried out by this same company. Chapter three and four focus on the use of semiconductor optical amplifiers for all-optical processing applications. Impaired phased-modulated signals are under particular interest in this study. The novelty in this work resides in the counter-propagating configuration that the semiconductor optical amplifier is operated in. In chapter three we give a detailed description of the experimental results. The complete setup is explained and the improvement in Q-factor and bit error rate for the received signal is proven. Furthermore, two novel concepts (Photonic Balancing and Saturated Asymmetric Filtering) that explain the observed improvements are developed and discussed for the first time to the best of our knowledge. Finally, chapter four aims at optimizing numerically the experimental setup for the saturated asymmetric filtering technique. The required detuned filter after the saturated semiconductor optical amplifier is optimized in terms of both off set and bandwidth.

由於市場的開放與競爭，銀行業需面對信用風險、市場風險、作業風險等風險挑戰；而新巴塞爾資本協定的施行，使現行英美先進國家之監理已將傳統監理模式轉為以風險監理之機制。為強化本國銀行之風險管理能力，使我國銀行業資本適足性規範與國際接軌，我國已於民國96年起正式實施新巴塞爾資本協定。另為落實新巴塞爾資本協定第二支柱及第三支柱，亦規定本國銀行將自民國97年起向金管會申報其資本適足性評估相關資料，期許我國在風險監理上邁入一新里程碑。 本論文以銀行監理為研究主體，參考英國金融監理總署(FSA)以風險為基礎之監理架構（Advanced Risk Responsive Operating FrameWork, ARROW）制度，並考量我國國情及銀行業者狀況，以三大風險（信用風險、市場風險、作業風險）監理為探討主軸，整合監理資訊系統，提出風險監理評估模型，透過系統量化與質化的指標，依據風險評估結果來要求業者降低風險等級，有助提升監理人員之效率，並將監理經驗透過系統化傳承，落實金融監理差異化管理。 本研究具體研究結論為： 1.建立風險群組： 建立風險群組－－第一支柱資本適足率要求、第二支柱監理審查信用風險、第二支柱監理審查市場風險、第二支柱監理審查作業風險、公司治理、財務健全度，及各分險群組之風險因子。 2.風險分級及燈號： 分別依據風險因子訂定分級指標。燈號分為紅、粉紅、黃、綠，分別對應4級風險。 3.銀行監理整合資訊系統流程： 依據風險模型，評估銀行風險等級並據此進行相關追蹤控管，俾協助銀行降低所承受之風險。最後仍需適時檢討風險模型之有效性，並提出修正，繼續進行風險監理循環（Risk Supervision Cycle）。 4.監理資訊整合架構： 往昔監理機關間對於資料交換，僅使用傳真或Email方式進行，對於跨業監理資料之取得並無制度化標準處理流程，以致傳輸管道不符合資訊安全及資料無法有效後續利用。本系統運用SOA技術進行整合監理機關系統，其整合對象均為監理機關既有系統，其中如監理資訊系統、跨監理機關資料源及外部新聞資料源等，皆運用標準資訊交換技術及應用模組介接方式達成整合目標，俾建立以風險監理為主軸之整合資訊系統架構。 本研究已將英國監理機關FSA ARROW的風險群組，成功的運用巴塞爾監理委員會所關注的三大風險整合，並與其他業務監理評估風險制度結合，提出風險監理評估模型，透過系統量化與質化的指標，未來並可依風險評估結果來要求業者降低風險等級，有助提升監理人員之效率，並將監理經驗透過系統化傳承，已順利達成新巴塞爾資本協定第二支柱與業務監理評估風險制度結合的目標，並落實金融監理差異化管理。

According to current development of internet technology, remote control over the internet becomes a heated discussed topic. Some recent technologies such as Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA), web service and ontology offer great opportunity for remote control over the internet and a lot of research has been done into this topic. However, there are still many challenges in architecture design and dynamic user interface generation. Architectures in this research field lack clear description of controlled machine model as well as related knowledge support. Also, there is little system support further control service development. There is little research on web user interface design for remote control system over the internet. The design of web user interface has the challenge of overcoming the limitations of web technology to satisfactorily support different machines, users and control process requirements. This work overcomes the limitations on architecture by offering a SOA based design which allows both multiple users and distributed machine access. The system applies a machine model for the description of the machine structure and functions, which help the system to reason about machine components and their relationships with instructions. With a web service based design, different machines can be connected via the system and execute user commands. Using semantic description and ontology based methods the system can automatically retrieve machine information and generate the structure and function descriptions for different machines. Moreover, the system provides services which can support further development in remote control services. The proposed architecture improves on former designs, and offers a flexible architecture for remote control services over the internet. An intelligent web user interface is also introduced in this work. The design separates the interface data structure from the data representation. Supported by the remote control service development environment, the user interface could adapt to the control sessions. Semantic descriptions are used to describe the page data structure, session context as well as control command. Therefore, control page content can be adapted by the computer to real time control session. At the same time, a session dependent navigation is designed to resolve the problem of changeable requirements for multiple-machine web user interface. With a message driven model and a session dependent semantic data structure, the required machine data can be analysed by the system and categorised according to user s requirements. Compare with other designs, this service offers a method for web user interface generation for different machines, users and can adapt to different control processes. The design is demonstrated in five evaluation scenarios aimed at testing different aspects of the system. Evaluation demonstrates the design proposed in this thesis is feasible. It also shows the design can be applied to different areas and adapted to different control related requirements well.