L'évolution de l'Internet comme support de communication entre les applications et les organisations a révolutionné les méthodes de coopération classiques. Les technologies réseaux actuelles, notamment les services Web, permettent le développement de nouveaux paradigmes de coopération. En effet, les entreprises peuvent dans un premier temps externaliser leurs procédés métiers comme des services Web pour former dans un deuxième temps ce qu'on appelle une entreprise virtuelle par compositions de services externalisés. Mais, comme souvent en informatique, ce qui est supposé apporter de la facilité apporte aussi son lot de complexité et de questions. Cela va de la pertinence des langages utilisés pour décrire les compositions de services, leur formalisation, leur vérification formelle avant et après l'exécution, au problème de maintenir une qualité de services constante. L'objectif de cette thèse est de proposer une approche rigoureuse pour la spécification, la modélisation, la vérification et la validation des compositions de services Web. Le travail effectué a permis la mise en place de techniques de preuves pour les services Web pour répondre à de nouveaux challenges liés essentiellement à la composition et la vérification. L'approche développée consiste en : (i)la définition d'un langage de spécification de la composition pour assurer sa vérification formelle, (ii) l'extension du langage de composition transformé pour prendre en compte les aspects de communication entre des compositions différentes, (iii) l'extraction et la spécification des propriétés à vérifier avant et après l'exécution de la composition, (iv) la vérification de la composition (vérification a priori et vérification a posteriori), et (v) l'utilisation des spécifications des déviations détectées pour découvrir des services qui peuvent tomber en panne ou devenir indisponibles en cours d'exécution. / The proliferation of the Internet as a communication medium between applications and organizations has revolutionized the classic methods of cooperation. The current network technologies, including Web services, allow the development of new paradigms of cooperation. Indeed, enterprises can outsource their business processes as Web services to form what is called a virtual enterprise by compositions of outsourced services. However, as so often in computer science applications, which is supposed to bring the facility provides also its set of complexity and questions. This covers the relevance of the language used to describe the compositions of services, their formalizations, their formal verification before and after running the composition process, and the need of maintaining a constant quality of services. The aim of this dissertation is to develop a rigorous approach to specifying, modelling, verifying and validating the behaviour of Web service compositions with the goal of simplifying the task of designing coordinated distributed services and their interaction requirements. More precisely, we have proposed a semantic framework that provides a foundation for addressing the existing limitations in the context of Web services compositions by supporting the following functionalities: (i) to formally specify requirements for BPEL processes. The requirements specify behavioural properties of the composition process, or assumptions about the behaviour of the composition as a whole and its constituent services, (ii) to extend the approach to include models of service choreography with multiple interacting Web services compositions, from the perspective of a collaborative distributed composition development environment, (iii) to verify these requirements against process executions. The requirements verification can be done either a-priori, i.e., at design time, or a-posteriori, i.e., after runtime, (iv) to use the specifications of the violated requirements to generate queries for discovering services that could substitute for malfunctioning services or services that may become unavailable or fail to meet certain requirements.

A reliable scheme to reuse IP (Intellectual Property) cores became an important issue to accelerate the development of embedded systems. Unfortunately the diverse characteristic of embedded systems which deep the difficulty of IP reuse. This thesis proposed the OCP-AHB bus interface architecture by designing a standard and general interface. The IP cores with OCP interface can plug-an-play in bus quickly. It solve the environment problems of the diverse embedded systems and the compatibility issues between IP cores and on-chip interconnections, so the IP reuse ability are raised and the IP designer can focus only on their designs. There are four different versions of OCP-AHB bus interface according to the input and output interface designs. The porposed OCP-AHB bus interface has the better performance and small hardware area when IP transfer data each others through the bus. The result show the proposed architecture can reduce the system integration and verification time and the proposed architecture are actually use in three-dimensional graphics (3D Graphics) processor application.

The word ¡§3C products¡¨ means computation, communication and consumer electronics products. Particularly, consumer electronics products become one of the most important part of high technology industry. Recently, the properties of consumer electronics products tend to integrate powerful computation and communication abilities. Further more, the trend of more light, thin, short and small makes every kind of IC inside consumer electronics products highly integration. This tendency describe above brings embedded semiconductor providers a difficult problem. That is, we must improve the computation ability and function integration without increasing area overhead. The proposed method of this thesis is adding computation enhanced instructions in original instruction set without change basic architecture of microprocessor. Further, make a better design choice after analyzing different implement ways and considering their trade off between performance and cost. The goal is producing a powerful microprocessor which is improved the most with the least overhead. There are two directions in the result of this thesis. One is pure enhancing microprocessor computation ability. About 54% special operation execution time is reduced by adding operation enhanced instructions, but only taken 10% area cost. However, if 6.35% system frequency speeddown is acceptable, about 59% special operation execution time could be reduced. The other is the phenomenon after integrating In-Circuit Emulator (ICE) in microprocessor. Apparently, integrating debug mechanism doesn¡¦t change timing of whole system. However, it makes a great deal of circuit area overhead about 112%. This result shows that a system needs keep individual characters between microprocessor and ICE. A batter method of integrating ICE in system is using boundary scan cell in whole system.

ARM microprocessor is one of the CPU most extensively applied to electronic products in the market, with the advantages of high efficiency, low power consumption, and low cost. The purpose of this thesis is to design and implement an ARM10-like microprocessor SYS32TME-III, it is based on the frame of 32-bits RISC architecture of ARM10, and to analyze the character of derivative architecture on RTL design with the point of view between the process of the design and implementation. For design strategy, speed 200MHz is the goal, and performance-optimized is the main point. Then, improve the mechanisms of adopting instruction pre-fetch, branch prediction, parallel execution, executive path of instruction and operation unit, and compare its results, probe into what¡¦s learning from the design.

Volvo Construction Equipment AB, Volvo CE, är en global tillverkare av entreprenadmaskiner. Detta exjobb fokuserar på batterierna i dessa entreprenadmaskiner som försörjer maskinens elsystem och startmotor vid start. Med dagens teknik ställs nya krav på strömförsörjning i entreprenadmaskiner. Den största skillnaden är att förbrukare är igång när motorn är avstängd och strömförsörjningen kommer enbart från batteriet. Ett startbatteri av bly-syra typ är inte konstruerad för detta användningsfall. Volvo CE jobbar därför med att ta fram kunskap om hur laddningen i batterierna används och cyklas under drift. Frågeställning om vilka parametrar och trender som är relevanta för att utvärdera batteriladdning har behandlats i detta arbete. Bakomliggande teori har undersökts, förklarats och vidareutvecklats i beskrivningen av den föreslagna metodiken för analys av batteriladdningsnivå i entreprenadmaskiner. En metod för hur identifierad relevant mätdata skall extraheras ur entreprenadmaskinerna har beskrivits i samband med beskrivningen av den utvecklade och framtagna prototyputrustningen. Den i detta arbete föreslagna analysmetodiken för dimensionering av batterikapacitet och tillämpad på mätdata från batteriladdningen under driftsmässiga förhållanden för entreprenadmaskiner kan också hjälpa till att ge svar på om de batterier som idag används av Volvo CE är lämpliga i den nya generationens entreprenadmaskiner. Arbetet innehåller ett nyhetsvärde för Volvo CE och andra då den föreslagna analysmetodiken inte beskrivits eller tillämpats tidigare på Volvo CE. Arbetet ger också förslag på hur man kan gå vidare i kunskapsuppbyggnaden och utvecklingsarbetet kring batterier inom Volvo CE. / Volvo Construction Equipment AB, Volvo CE, is a global producer of construction machines. This thesis has focus on the battery in these machines that are providing power to the electrical system and start engine during cranking. With today’s technology there are new demands on the power supply in construction machines. The largest difference is in the demand for power when the engine is off and the only power source is the battery. A Lead-Acid starter battery is not constructed for this type of demand. Because of this Volvo CE has begun to build knowledge about how the charge in the battery is used and cycled during usage. This thesis has processed questions about which parameters and trends that are relevant to evaluate regarding the level of charge in the battery. The theory behind these parameters has been examined, described and evolved in the suggested methodology for analysis of the level of charge in the battery in construction machines. A method on how to extract identified data from the construction machines has been described in the work on the prototype equipment for collecting the data. The suggested methodology in this thesis to analyse the level of charge in the battery in construction equipment based on the user case may help to give answer to the question if the batteries used today are suitable for the new generation of construction machinery. This thesis contains a news value for Volvo CE and others since this methodology has not been described or used before at Volvo CE. The thesis also provide suggestion for a road to build more knowledge on batteries within Volvo CE.

The growing complexity of System-on-Chip (SoC) designs motivates both academic and industrial researchers to find better solutions for the complexity of the chip-interconnect. For SoC designs that have hundreds of Processing Elements (PEs), a single shared bus can no longer be accepted as an efficient communication scheme. To address this problem, the Networks-on-Chip (NoC) concept is proposed as a new paradigm, which provides an integrated solution for achieving efficient interconnection scheme for complex SoC applications. NoC-based designs are composed of computational resources in the form of PE cores, and switching nodes (routers) that allow PEs to communicate with each other. For different applications, this research work: 1) proposes new analytical models for various NoC design parameters, 2) performs comparative analyses of the commonly used network architectures, and 3) presents novel methodologies for efficiently designing the NoC-topology. The proposed methodologies are developed to help NoC-designers better achieve minimum power consumption and delay, and maximum performability for their applications. Graph-theoretic concepts are adopted to study the topological architecture of NoCs and propose a new topology-based models for network power, performability, and delay. The proposed models take into consideration important design parameters, which significantly affect the power, performability, and delay of a NoC-based system; such as network topology architecture, traffic distribution, noise power, voltage swing, probability of edge failure, router design and number of ports, clock frequency, and target technology. In this dissertation, we show how the proposed models could be used to optimally design the network topology so that it achieves the target design requirement for a given application. After studying each design metric individually, a joint consideration of NoC power, performability, and delay is carried out simultaneously. We use Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) to find the optimum network topology, that achieves minimum delay, maximum performability, and minimum power consumption, for a given NoC application. Real case studies are presented to validate the proposed theoretical concepts. This validation is carried out through experimental work, targeting various real NoC applications. Experimental results show that using the proposed design methodologies, designers can improve the overall system efficiency in terms of power, delay, and performability, by choosing the design parameters (i.e., network topology architecture, PEs’ mapping, etc.) efficiently at early design phases. This improvement is measured in some cases by an order of magnitude, compared to the worst case scenario of choosing wrong design parameters for the target application. / Graduate

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Bakgrund: Depression är en sjukdom som kännetecknas av bland annat nedstämdhet, orkeslöshet och känslor av meningslöshet som skiljer sig från vanliga stämningssvackor. Depression beräknas år 2030 vara den ledande sjukdomsbördan i världen och är därför viktig att förebygga, upptäcka och behandla. Sjuksköterskan har här en unik möjlighet att i det vardagliga mötet med personer med depression göra en skillnad. Att känna meningsfullhet och begriplighet kan minska depressiva symtom och stärka hanterbarheten vilket innebär att ha en hög känsla av sammanhang, KASAM. Syfte: Att genom självbiografier beskriva upplevelser av att leva med depression. Metod: En kvalitativ beskrivande studie där självbiografier analyserats med hjälp av innehållsanalys. Resultat: Resultatet innehåller fyra teman. Det första temat En känsla av alienation tar upp meningslösheten och känslorna av att vara värdelös, identitetsförlust, overklighetskänslor samt ensamhet och isolering.  En känsla av att leva i en bottenlös tillvaro kännetecknas av tankar på döden och självmord, psykisk och fysisk smärta, rädsla, oro och ångest. En känsla av att vilja fly fokuserar på viljan att fly från sig själv, sjukdomen och verkligheten. En känsla av att inte fungera är fjärde temat och handlar om att vara ofokuserad och att känna sig orkeslös. Slutsats: Meningslöshet, att inte känna glädjen med att leva och att förlora självbilden är de upplevelser som är distinkta med att leva med depression, även närvaron av dödstankar är alltigenom märkbar i denna studie. Depression är en tyst och osynlig sjukdom som det sällan talas högt om vilket ökar risken för stigmatisering. Resultatet visar inget nytt men förstärker den forskning som finns och ger en djupare bild av depression ur det upplevda perspektivet. / Background: Depression is a disease that is characterized by dysphoria, weakness and feelings of meaninglessness that differs from normal mood-dips. Depression is assumed to be the leading burden of disease in the world by the year 2030 and is therefore important to prevent, detect and treat. The nurse have got a unique opportunity to make a difference in everyday encounters with persons with depression. To have a feeling of meaningfulness and comprehensibility can reduce depressive symptoms and strengthen the manageability which means to have a high sense of coherence, SOC. Aim: By autobiographies describe the experience of living with depression. Method: A qualitative descriptive study where autobiographies were analyzed with a content analysis. Result: The result contains four themes. The first theme A feeling of alienation recites futility/meaninglessness and the feelings of being worthless, loss of identity, feelings of derealisation and also feelings of loneliness and isolation. A feeling of living in an abysmal existence is characterized by thoughts of death and suicide, psychological and physical pain, fear and anxiety. A feeling of wanting to escape is focused on the will to escape from oneself, the disease and from the reality. A feeling of dysfunction is the fourth theme and is about being unfocused and feeling weak/decrepit/infirm/feeble. Conclusion: Meaninglessness, to not feel the joyfulness of living and to lose the self-image is the experiences that are distinct of living with depression, also the presence of thoughts of death is notable throughout this study. Depression is a silent and invisible disease that is rarely spoken loud about which increases the risk of stigma. The result doesn’t show anything new but enhances the existing research and gives a deeper image of depression from the lived perspective.

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Demands on modern computing are becoming more intensive. Keeping up with these demands has increasing complexity. Moore's Law is in decline. Increasing the number of cores on a device has diminishing returns. Specialised architectures provide more efficient and higher performing processors. However, it is not always practical to include every architecture on every device. Running non-native tasks on architectures often results in a drop in performance. This research examines the benefits and limitations of Field Programmable Gate Arrays - Systems on Chip (FPGA-SoC) devices to provide flexible hardware accelerators for heterogeneous architectures. A number of topics are covered, including hardware acceleration of floating-point mathematical functions, dynamic reconfiguration and high-level synthesis. A number of case studies are presented. Dynamic reconfiguration is used to change the configuration of the FPGA at runtime, allowing the hardware accelerators to be changed depending on the current processor tasks. Changing accelerators at runtime has limitations, such as data perturbation. Context switching techniques are applied to the hardware to prevent loss of data and enable de-fragmentation of the FPGA. High level synthesis techniques are used in conjunction with the presented hardware accelerators to synthesise high-level languages into hardware descriptions with optimisations. Techniques for runtime synthesis of hardware accelerators are presented. These can be combined with dynamic reconfiguration to configure FPGAs with appropriate hardware accelerators from a high-level language at runtime. The research demonstrates that FPGA-SoC devices have the potential for providing reconfigurable accelerators for processors in heterogeneous architectures. Metrics show that the FPGA configurations can perform better than other commercial processors. It was demonstrated that it is possible to context switch hardware at runtime, meaning the most can be made of the FPGA-SoC at all times, even as situations change. However, there are many limitations that still need to be overcome, such as management of the implemented hardware, synthesis of new hardware at runtime, reconfiguration times, interfacing of hardware with software and the design of hardware accelerators.