Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T20:21:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Elizabeth Parente Costa.pdf: 1298236 bytes, checksum: e6ac5ca20eabce2d78b189b2c47824ef (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-06-10 / The research proposes a study of the social representations of leprosy, we seek three times to understand the sense of every society and their dynamics in relation to disease. The first in the city of Sobral/CE, where we carry out research in the years 2008 and 2009; the second moment in the city of Mogi das Cruzes/SP, with a man who has gone through several periods of hospitalization and overcame the stigma through work aimed at manufacture of prosthetic patients amputees; and the third time in New Delhi in India, where we find the largest number of leprosy patients. The places chosen for the field work were selected after repeated bibliographical research, readings of scholarly articles, medical texts and physicians about the disease and mainly with the data of the World Health Organization (WHO) and of the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE). We investigate the sociocultural reality of people afflicted by illness and how these could be with the disease / A pesquisa propõe um estudo das representações sociais da hanseníase, buscamos três momentos para entendermos o senso de cada sociedade e as suas dinâmicas em relação à doença. O primeiro na cidade de Sobral/CE, onde já realizamos a pesquisa nos anos de 2008 e 2009; o segundo momento na cidade de Mogi das Cruzes/SP, com um senhor que passou por vários períodos de internação e superou o estigma, por meio do trabalho voltado à fabricação de prótese para pacientes amputados; e o terceiro momento em Nova Délhi na Índia, onde pudemos encontrar o maior número de hansenianos. Os lugares escolhidos para o trabalho de campo foram selecionados depois de reiteradas pesquisas bibliográficas, leituras de artigos acadêmicos, textos médicos e não médicos sobre a doença e principalmente com os dados da Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS) e do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). Buscamos investigar a realidade sociocultural de pessoas atingidas pela enfermidade e como estas percebiam estar com a doença

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T14:55:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Elizabeth Parente Costa.pdf: 1298236 bytes, checksum: e6ac5ca20eabce2d78b189b2c47824ef (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-06-10 / The research proposes a study of the social representations of leprosy, we seek three times to understand the sense of every society and their dynamics in relation to disease. The first in the city of Sobral/CE, where we carry out research in the years 2008 and 2009; the second moment in the city of Mogi das Cruzes/SP, with a man who has gone through several periods of hospitalization and overcame the stigma through work aimed at manufacture of prosthetic patients amputees; and the third time in New Delhi in India, where we find the largest number of leprosy patients. The places chosen for the field work were selected after repeated bibliographical research, readings of scholarly articles, medical texts and physicians about the disease and mainly with the data of the World Health Organization (WHO) and of the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE). We investigate the sociocultural reality of people afflicted by illness and how these could be with the disease / A pesquisa propõe um estudo das representações sociais da hanseníase, buscamos três momentos para entendermos o senso de cada sociedade e as suas dinâmicas em relação à doença. O primeiro na cidade de Sobral/CE, onde já realizamos a pesquisa nos anos de 2008 e 2009; o segundo momento na cidade de Mogi das Cruzes/SP, com um senhor que passou por vários períodos de internação e superou o estigma, por meio do trabalho voltado à fabricação de prótese para pacientes amputados; e o terceiro momento em Nova Délhi na Índia, onde pudemos encontrar o maior número de hansenianos. Os lugares escolhidos para o trabalho de campo foram selecionados depois de reiteradas pesquisas bibliográficas, leituras de artigos acadêmicos, textos médicos e não médicos sobre a doença e principalmente com os dados da Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS) e do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). Buscamos investigar a realidade sociocultural de pessoas atingidas pela enfermidade e como estas percebiam estar com a doença

This master thesis analyses development of social policy within the European Union. Furthermore, it focuses on the European social models. The biggest part is devoted to social policies in Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden and the way how the policies are financed. Additionally, the thesis concentrates on the globalization and the global crisis. In this context, possible solutions and perspectives for future development are suggested.

This thesis takes you through a journey of developing a theoretical Social Innovation Collaborative model (SIC model), applying a hybrid agile stage-gate method of data collection, and analysis for continuous development of the model throughout the period of the thesis. By applying the SIC model on a social issue of immigrant integration to help them establish social networks through designing participatory activities to learn the Swedish language and values. The main organization chosen as the main facilitator to test and apply the SIC model was “Svensk Form”. A review of literature on immigrant policies and projects in Sweden led to the formulation of an initial collaborative social model. Building events upon insights from previous theories on immigrant integration, assimilation theory, social innovation theory, and design thinking informed the development of the methodology. Utilizing qualitative methods within action research, data was gathered through meetings, interviews, observations, and activities. Meetings with social organizations were conducted to gain an understanding of their current projects, processes, and challenges related to their work in social innovation. Additionally, interviews with non-Swedish individuals, a crucial phase of the thesis, were carried out to comprehend the perspectives and needs of the target audience within the SIC model. Employing an action research approach, two events were designed using the model, with collaborations among multiple organizations forming the cornerstone of the work. All data analysis in this research was grounded in grounded theory analysis to identify emerging themes and further support the development of the model. The need for the model is highlighted as a result of the findings, communities’ thirst for regular social activities, and the possibility of creating change from the bottom up using the model is applicable. Findings indicate the need for structured processes in social innovation work and highlight the importance of collaboration for inclusivity. The SIC model evolves through convergence and divergence cycles, incorporating characteristics of social innovation and supporting bottom-up change efforts. Additionally, the research emphasizes the role of social entrepreneurship in addressing social challenges and encourages further exploration of the model's application across different social issues and demographics.

The modern hospice movement emerged in the 1960s as a grassroots social movement that attempted to restore an holistic and contextualised approach to the care of people at the end of life. This approach embraced the lived experience of the dying person at the centre of care across physical, emotional, social and spiritual domains of life. To achieve this, the care of dying people was largely removed from mainstream health care systems to promote more holistic and socially contextualised dying. In recent decades, the evolution of palliative care demonstrates the gradual return of palliative care services to the mainstream. It has been asserted that, in this process, palliative care services have progressively abandoned the social context of dying people, increasing instead an emphasis on "physical care [while] simultaneously de-emphasizing psychological, social and spiritual care" (Kellehear, 1999a, p.76). Kellehear and others have proposed that the repositioning of palliative care within mainstream health care systems has increased a focus upon illness and disease at the expense of health and wellbeing. Subsequently, conventional palliative care services have been criticised for not adequately locating end of life care within the social contexts in which death and dying take place. In an attempt to address this problem, Australian sociologist Allan Kellehear proposed an approach to end of life care that brought together the core concerns of palliative care with the principles and practices of health promotion (Kellehear, 1999b). Whilst their congruence is not immediately apparent, these two fields have been increasingly examined for their potential benefits in the provision of end of life care. In the current policy climate in Australia, there is an imperative to consider how end of life support services might be improved through adopting a health promoting palliative care approach. The aim of this study has been to investigate the integration of health promotion principles and practice by a selected palliative care service by examining the qualitative impact of this change on the organisation. Specifically, it endeavoured to identify the factors that advanced or impeded this integration by examining how the structures and processes of, and outcomes for, the organisation reflected a health promoting approach. To meet these aims, this study undertook an in-depth examination of the implementation of a health promoting palliative care model by a community based palliative care organisation. Based in a constructionist-interpretivist paradigm, a mixed-method (QUAL+quant), instrumental case study research design was utilised to capture multiple perspectives of the implementation process. Data collection comprised examination of 127 organisational documents, 32 in-depth interviews with staff, volunteers and consumers, 5 focus groups with staff and volunteers, and 25 carer questionnaires. Qualitative data were subject to thematic analysis, with supplementary quantitative data analysed to generate descriptive statistics. The findings demonstrated a large number of complex and interrelated enabling and impeding factors to the implementation in the case study site. These factors have been grouped into four key themes which have been examined in light of the aims of this study and the issues identified in a comprehensive review of the literature. This study found that: ◦ Conceptual congruence between health promotion and palliative care was a fundamental starting point in the implementation of a health promoting palliative care model. ◦ Where conceptual congruence was clear, activities associated with the model that were regarded as beyond conventional approaches to palliative care core business were viewed favourably by stakeholders and were less likely to encounter resistance within the organisation. ◦ When systematic approaches to organisational change, such as quality improvement systems, were rigorously applied, the impact of the transition upon stakeholders was qualitatively less. ◦ Where this transition had been effectively made, consumers, staff, volunteers and members of the wider community were seen to benefit. This study adds to the current discourse regarding the intersection between end of life support and health promotion, and provides insight into how palliative care organisations might undertake the transition from conventional models to a health promoting palliative care approach.

The dynamics of many aspects of social behaviour, such as spread of fads and fashion, collective action, group decision-making, homophily and disagreement, have been captured by mathematical models. The power of these models is that they can provide novel insight into the emergent dynamics of groups, e.g. 'epidemics' of memes, tipping points for collective action, wisdom of crowds and leadership by small numbers of individuals, segregation and polarisation. A current weakness in the scientific models is their sheer number. 'New' models are continually 'discovered' by physicists, engineers and mathematicians. The models are analysed mathematically, but very seldom provide predictions that can be tested empirically. In this work, we provide a framework of simple models, based on Lotka's original idea of using chemical reactions to describe social interactions. We show how to formulate models for social epidemics, social recovery, cycles, collective action, group decision-making, segregation and polarisation, which we argue encompass the majority of social dynamics models. We present an open-access tool, written in Python, for specifying social interactions, studying them in terms of mass action, and creating spatial simulations of model dynamics. We argue that the models in this article provide a baseline of empirically testable predictions arising from social dynamics, and that before creating new and more complicated versions of the same idea, researchers should explain how their model differs substantially from our baseline models. / Matematiska modeller kan hjälpa oss att förstå många typer av sociala fenomen, som ryktesspridning, spridning av memes, gruppbeslut, segregation och radikalisering. Det finns idag otaliga modeller för sociala beteenden hos människor och djur, och fler presenteras kontinuerligt. Det stora antalet modeller försvårar navigering inom forskningsfältet, och många av modellerna är dessutom komplicerade och svåra att verifiera genom experiment. I detta arbete föreslås ett ramverk av grundläggande modeller, som var och en modellerar en aspekt av socialt beteende; det gäller sociala epidemier, cykler, gemensamt handlande, gruppbeslut, segregation och polarisering. Vi menar att dessa modeller utgör majoriteten av de verifierbara aspekter av socialt beteende som studeras, och att de bör behandlas som en utgångspunkt när en ny modell ska introduceras. Vilka av mekanismerna från utgångspunkten finns representerade i modellen? Skiljer den sig ens nämnvärt från utgångspunkten? Genom att ha en god förståelse för grundmodellerna, och genom att förklara på vilket sätt en ny modell skiljer sig från dem, kan forskare undvika att presentera modeller som i praktiken är mer komplicerade varianter av sådana som redan finns. I detta arbete visar vi hur dessa grundläggande modeller kan formuleras och studeras. Modellerna bygger på enkla regler om vad som händer när individer i en befolkning möter varandra. Till exempel, om en person som har vetskap om ett rykte träffar någon som inte har det, kan ryktet spridas vidare. Därför har antaganden om vilka personer som kan träffa varandra stor påverkan på de resultat som modellerna ger. I detta arbete studeras varje modell med två olika metoder: i den ena har alla personer i befolkningen samma sannolikhet att träffa varandra, i den andra representeras befolkningen av ett rutnät, där varje plats motsvarar en individ. I den senare har alltså varje person ett begränsat antal grannar att interagera med. Vilken av dessa två metoder man väljer har stor betydelse för vilka beteenden modellerna förutspår. Som ett komplement till detta arbete presenteras ett verktyg i form av ett Python-program som utför analysen av modellerna. Detta kan användas för att undersöka grundmodellerna som presenteras i detta arbete, men också för att formulera och analysera nya modeller på samma sätt. På det viset kan nya modeller enkelt jämföras mot grundmodellerna. Verktyget är användbart både som introduktion för de som är nya inom social dynamik, men också för de forskare som som vill ta fram nya modeller och föra forskningsfältet vidare.