Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2007. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xii, 159 p. : ill. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 78-94).

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Thesis (Ed. D.)--UCLA, 2008. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 40-46).

The purpose of this study was to investigate the personality characteristics associated with accuracy in person perception. The particular personality variables chosen (experience, intelligence, cognitive complexity, psychological mindedness, emotional stability, introversion, and empathic style) for investigation were those previously identified by Gordon Allport as being related to person perception. Both types of person perception (sensitivity to individual differences and sensitivity to group differences) were measured. The major findings of the study were the following: 1. The most capable judges of individual differences, in comparison with the least capable judges, were significantly more likely to have the following psychometric characteristics: higher IQ, more extraverted, more psychologically minded, more cognitively complex/flexible, and more empathic. Experientially, the most competent judges were likely to be older, older in age at first job, and have fewer siblings. In contrast to the least able judges, the most competent ones had resided in more different cities, traveled more, experienced more formal education, and were more likely employed in the helping professions. 2. The best judges of group differences, in comparison with the worst judges, were more likely female, older in age at first job, and higher scorers on Neuroticism. 3. Significant multiple linear regression equations were formed between the predictor variables and the two judgment tasks, suggesting that accuracy in judging others consists of many skills, not just one. 4. Those who were in the helping professions were better judges than those not in the helping professions on sensitivity to individual differences, but not sensitivity to group differences. 5. For those in the helping professions, years of experience in the helping professions were not related to success on either of the two judgment tasks.

Submitted by Tatiana Lima (tatianasl@ufba.br) on 2015-03-30T19:19:19Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Schaer – Barbosa, Martha.pdf: 11916253 bytes, checksum: ab229799e83edff989659f1d80c450f5 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Tatiana Lima (tatianasl@ufba.br) on 2015-04-06T19:48:34Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Schaer – Barbosa, Martha.pdf: 11916253 bytes, checksum: ab229799e83edff989659f1d80c450f5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-06T19:48:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Schaer – Barbosa, Martha.pdf: 11916253 bytes, checksum: ab229799e83edff989659f1d80c450f5 (MD5) / Esta Tese de Doutorado tem o objetivo de analisar comparativamente como as percepções de agricultores familiares e de formuladores de políticas de recursos hídricos influenciam a implantação de políticas de reúso agrícola de água no Semiárido da Bahia. A pesquisa foi localizada em São Domingos, município da Região Semiárida da Bahia, na área de abrangência de projetos de pesquisa acadêmica em reúso. A metodologia adotada partiu da realização de entrevistas semidirigidas com os dois grupos de atores e questionários fechados apenas com os agricultores. As informações de cunho subjetivo e objetivo permitiram identificar e compreender melhor as razões para aceitação ou rejeição do reúso. Os resultados confirmam parcialmente a hipótese, indicando que a questão cultural é um obstáculo importante, seja pelo sentimento espontâneo de repulsa, ou pela crença de que o processo adotado pode trazer riscos à saúde. Mas os resultados apontam também que estes obstáculos podem ser contornados. Os principais fatores que dificultam a implantação de reúso são de ordem econômica, destacando-se o pouco valor da produção agrícola no Semiárido Baiano. No entanto, a importância social da agricultura para essa região justifica a construção do arcabouço institucional adequado para essa tarefa. Palavras- This Doctoral Thesis intends to comparatively analyze how the perceptions of family farmers and water resources policy makers of agricultural water reuse influence policy implementation in the Semi-Arid Region of Bahia. The research site was a small municipality of Bahia’s Semi-Arid, São Domingos, where some other water reuse academic projects have been carried out. The research tools used were semi-structured interviews with both groups of stakeholders and a structured survey just with the family farmers. Through subjective and objective information, the main reasons for accepting or rejecting wastewater reuse as a practice were identified for better understanding. The obtained results partially confirmed the initial hypothesis, indicating that cultural based perceptions are an important factor: being either the spontaneous repulsive response, known as the “yuk” factor, or the belief that this practice poses a health risk. But the results also point these as obstacles that can be conquered. Economic factors, on the other hand, demonstrated to be the most difficult problems to overcome. Nevertheless, the social importance of family agriculture to this region justifies the efforts to build the necessary institutional infra-structure to accomplish the implementation of wastewater reuse policy.

Objeto deste estudo é a percepção do enfermeiro sobre a organização do trabalho no ambiente de Centro Cirúrgico e suas repercussões no processo saúde-doença desses profissionais. Os objetivos traçados foram: identificar a percepção dos enfermeiros sobre a organização do trabalho no Centro Cirúrgico do Hospital Universitário Pedro Ernesto, analisar as repercussões no processo saúde-doença dos enfermeiros decorrentes da organização do trabalho no Centro Cirúrgico. O estudo apoiou-se nas concepções da psicodinâmica do trabalho desenvolvida por Dejours, que busca compreender as vivências dialéticas do sofrimento-prazer decorrentes do trabalho e nas estratégias utilizadas pelos trabalhadores para conter, mitigar ou transformar o sofrimento advindo da organização do trabalho. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, descritivo, que utilizou como método o materialismo histórico dialético desenvolvido no período de 2006 à 2007. O local de coleta de dados foi o Hospital Universitário Pedro Ernesto e os sujeitos caracterizaram-se em onze enfermeiros que atuavam no Centro Cirúrgico desta instituição. Como técnicas de coleta de dados foram utilizadas a entrevista semi-estruturada e a observação assistemática. Os sujeitos do estudo preencheram um termo de consentimento livre e esclarecido atendendo à Resolução 196/96. Os dados foram analisados à luz da análise de conteúdo, que evidenciou três categorias: as percepções dos enfermeiros sobre o trabalho no Centro Cirúrgico, trabalho material e imaterial, repercussões do trabalho no processo saúde-doença dos enfermeiros. Os resultados apontaram que os enfermeiros consideram seu trabalho como estressante, desgastante e com repercussões na dimensão subjetiva que se sobrepõem às repercussões na dimensão física devido à organização do trabalho instituída no Centro Cirúrgico. O trabalho também foi caracterizado pelos sujeitos como pouco reconhecido e capaz de gerar sentimentos dialéticos de sofrimento e prazer, satisfação e insatisfação, incidindo diretamente processo saúde-doença destes profissionais através de alterações psicossomáticas. / The study is focused on the nurses perception on Labor Organization in the environment of a Surgical Center, as well as its repercussions on these professionals health-illness process. The objectives were: to identify the nurses perception on labor organization in a Surgical Center at Pedro Ernesto University Hospital, to analyse all repercussions on nurses health-illness process generated from labor organization in a Surgical Center. The study was based on Dejours psycodynamics concepts, that try to comprehend dialetic experiences related to suffering-pleasure that come from nurses activities, as well as strategies used by professionals in order to stop, mitigate or change all suffering that comes from their job. This is a qualitative, descriptive study, that used the historical dialetic materialism as method, which was developed from 2006 to 2007. The place for collecting data was Pedro Ernesto University Hospital and the subjects were eleven nurses that were acting at its Surgical Center. In order to produce this study, semi-structured interview and non-systematic observation were used as data collection techniques; all of the participants were free and clear when they filled in a term of agreement, assuring that Ruling 196/96 was fulfilled. All data were analysed through tables in order to characterize the subjects of the study, and for the statements it was used a content analysis that revealed three categories: nurses perception on labor in a Surgical Center, material and non-material work, work repercussions on nurses health-illness process. Results showed that nurses consider their job stressing, tiring and with higher repercussions on the subjective dimension than on physic dimension due to labor organization stablished in a Surgical Center. Subjects also characterized the work as a non-recognized one, capable of generating dialetic feelings, such as suffering and pleasure, satisfaction and unsatisfaction, repercuting directly on these professionals health-illness process through psychossomatic changes.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T18:57:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 3357.pdf: 3039101 bytes, checksum: c99ddd6c4f3b8bafa7d00aceb6d7e454 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-11-12 / Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais / The reality could be perceived in different ways due mainly to the culture and social assumptions embody in each group, comunity or society. This work attempeted to compose a major frame of the social construction about the socio-environmental risks caused by the convecional product process of sugarcane, by using a perspectivy study of the Monte Alegre rural settlement productors. This perceptions were also related and contested by the tecnoscientific information available for the the impacts occasioned by the sugar-cane production to adress convergence or divergence contacts. The risk perception study is justified by the recognition of the important role played by the several social actors in the desenvelopment and management of their areas, within this, the essencial step for reaching a better sustentability of the rural environment. The metodology use quantitativity and qualitativity approaches by the application of close questtionares, semi-structured interviews and photodocumentation. It's important to notice that there are sensitive divergence and convergence between the productors percepcions and the tecno-scientific production, that reenforce the importance of the complementary and incoporation of different knowleges in the planning and execution plans of the study area management. / A realidade pode ser percebida sob diferentes maneiras, devido principalmente a cultura e as representações sociais de cada grupo, comunidade ou sociedade. Este trabalho buscou compor um quadro abrangente da construção social dos riscos socioambientais causados pelo processo produtivo convencional de cana-de-açúcar, por meio do estudo da percepção dos produtores do assentamento Monte Alegre-SP. Também se relacionou e se contrapôs estas percepções às informações técnico-científicas disponíveis sobre os impactos ocasionados pela produção de cana-de-açúcar, a fim de se buscar convergências e divergências. O estudo das percepções de risco justifica-se pelo reconhecimento do importante papel desempenhado pelos diversos atores sociais no desenvolvimento e gestão de suas áreas, sendo este, passo essencial para o alcance de uma maior sustentabilidade no meio rural. Como metodologia, utilizou-se abordagens quantitativas e qualitativas, através da aplicação de questionários fechados, entrevistas semiestruturadas e fotodocumentação. Nota-se, que existem sensíveis divergências e convergências entre as percepções desses produtores e a produção técnicocientífica, o que ressalta a importância da complementaridade e da incorporação de diferentes saberes no planejamento e execução de planos de gestão da área de estudo.

Objeto deste estudo é a percepção do enfermeiro sobre a organização do trabalho no ambiente de Centro Cirúrgico e suas repercussões no processo saúde-doença desses profissionais. Os objetivos traçados foram: identificar a percepção dos enfermeiros sobre a organização do trabalho no Centro Cirúrgico do Hospital Universitário Pedro Ernesto, analisar as repercussões no processo saúde-doença dos enfermeiros decorrentes da organização do trabalho no Centro Cirúrgico. O estudo apoiou-se nas concepções da psicodinâmica do trabalho desenvolvida por Dejours, que busca compreender as vivências dialéticas do sofrimento-prazer decorrentes do trabalho e nas estratégias utilizadas pelos trabalhadores para conter, mitigar ou transformar o sofrimento advindo da organização do trabalho. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, descritivo, que utilizou como método o materialismo histórico dialético desenvolvido no período de 2006 à 2007. O local de coleta de dados foi o Hospital Universitário Pedro Ernesto e os sujeitos caracterizaram-se em onze enfermeiros que atuavam no Centro Cirúrgico desta instituição. Como técnicas de coleta de dados foram utilizadas a entrevista semi-estruturada e a observação assistemática. Os sujeitos do estudo preencheram um termo de consentimento livre e esclarecido atendendo à Resolução 196/96. Os dados foram analisados à luz da análise de conteúdo, que evidenciou três categorias: as percepções dos enfermeiros sobre o trabalho no Centro Cirúrgico, trabalho material e imaterial, repercussões do trabalho no processo saúde-doença dos enfermeiros. Os resultados apontaram que os enfermeiros consideram seu trabalho como estressante, desgastante e com repercussões na dimensão subjetiva que se sobrepõem às repercussões na dimensão física devido à organização do trabalho instituída no Centro Cirúrgico. O trabalho também foi caracterizado pelos sujeitos como pouco reconhecido e capaz de gerar sentimentos dialéticos de sofrimento e prazer, satisfação e insatisfação, incidindo diretamente processo saúde-doença destes profissionais através de alterações psicossomáticas. / The study is focused on the nurses perception on Labor Organization in the environment of a Surgical Center, as well as its repercussions on these professionals health-illness process. The objectives were: to identify the nurses perception on labor organization in a Surgical Center at Pedro Ernesto University Hospital, to analyse all repercussions on nurses health-illness process generated from labor organization in a Surgical Center. The study was based on Dejours psycodynamics concepts, that try to comprehend dialetic experiences related to suffering-pleasure that come from nurses activities, as well as strategies used by professionals in order to stop, mitigate or change all suffering that comes from their job. This is a qualitative, descriptive study, that used the historical dialetic materialism as method, which was developed from 2006 to 2007. The place for collecting data was Pedro Ernesto University Hospital and the subjects were eleven nurses that were acting at its Surgical Center. In order to produce this study, semi-structured interview and non-systematic observation were used as data collection techniques; all of the participants were free and clear when they filled in a term of agreement, assuring that Ruling 196/96 was fulfilled. All data were analysed through tables in order to characterize the subjects of the study, and for the statements it was used a content analysis that revealed three categories: nurses perception on labor in a Surgical Center, material and non-material work, work repercussions on nurses health-illness process. Results showed that nurses consider their job stressing, tiring and with higher repercussions on the subjective dimension than on physic dimension due to labor organization stablished in a Surgical Center. Subjects also characterized the work as a non-recognized one, capable of generating dialetic feelings, such as suffering and pleasure, satisfaction and unsatisfaction, repercuting directly on these professionals health-illness process through psychossomatic changes.

L’objectif de cette thèse est de présenter, au travers de 4 chapitres, un regard nouveau sur l’amorçage social et son caractère automatique.<p>Le premier chapitre est consacré aux différentes conceptualisations de l’amorçage en vogue au sein de deux disciplines sœurs que sont la psychologie cognitive et la cognition sociale. Grâce à une série d’éléments historiques et théoriques, je montre en quoi les différentes conceptions de ce phénomène se recoupent, mais divergent aussi profondément. En outre, à l’aide de cet examen de la littérature, j’expose les questions que soulèvent toujours à ce jour les mécanismes rendant compte du phénomène d’amorçage social.<p>Ainsi, en psychologie cognitive, il est largement reconnu que l’amorçage est sous-tendu par un processus de diffusion d’activation entre la représentation activée par l’amorce et celle de la réponse comportementale. Ce postulat implique entre autres qu’un amorçage trop faible, par exemple subliminal, ne porte pas suffisamment d’activation que pour engendrer des effets à un niveau sémantique. Par contre, en cognition sociale, l’induction d’effets de nature sémantique, par la présentation d’amorces subtiles ou peu perceptibles, semble bien démontrée et ne poserait aucun problème théorique particulier. Ces effets seraient expliqués par le recours à des voies directes entre représentation activée et comportement, court-circuitant la structuration sémantique des connaissances. Cette affirmation ne semble néanmoins soutenue par aucun argument empirique spécifique. <p>En vue de trancher dans ce débat, j’ai décidé de revenir à la base du concept d’amorçage en cognition sociale et de tenter d’en comprendre ses mécanismes. Pour ce faire, j’ai tenté de répliquer une des expériences les plus emblématiques de cette littérature : l’expérience 2 de Bargh, Chen et Burrows (1996). Cette démarche, présentée dans le chapitre 2, a tout d’abord permis d’établir que cette expérience ne peut être répliquée aisément. Ensuite, elle a montré que certains aspects environnementaux étaient déterminants dans cette situation expérimentale, indiquant que les amorces seules étaient insuffisantes pour activer le comportement. Enfin, ces travaux ont mis en évidence que la méthode des phrases mélangées ne garantissait pas que le processus soit non conscient.<p>Suite à cette série de tentatives de réplication échouées, ainsi qu’aux nombreuses discussions qu’elles ont engendrées, j’ai décidé de m’intéresser plus particulièrement à la problématique que représente la réplication en psychologie. <p>Dans une approche exposée dans le chapitre 3, je distingue les réplications directes des réplications conceptuelles et expose leurs bienfaits et dangers. Aussi, je montre que la littérature sur l’amorçage social, phénomène jugé comme incontestable en cognition sociale, émane d’une littérature principalement fondée sur un ensemble de réplications conceptuelles. Ceci soulève un nombre important de problèmes, dont le fait de considérer tant de résultats hétérogènes comme relevant d’un seul et même phénomène d’amorçage, alors que les processus qui le sous-tendent demeurent encore sous-spécifiés. <p>Pour faire face à ces problèmes, j’ai décidé de changer d’approche. Il s’agira donc d’opérationnaliser l’amorçage social dans une situation expérimentale offrant plus de contrôle et permettant d’observer plus directement certains de ses processus. Dans le chapitre 4, je rapporte les résultats des études que ce paradigme combinant à la fois mesures électromyographiques et Implicit Association Test a permis de réaliser. Ceux-ci permettent d’esquisser une dynamique des étapes de traitement impliquées dans la mise en place de comportements induits par l’activation de représentations de nature sociale, comme les stéréotypes. Plus particulièrement, ils montrent que l’accès à ces représentations nécessite la mobilisation de ressources attentionnelles, soulignant à nouveau l’importance de variables modératrices dans un phénomène pourtant considéré largement comme automatique.<p>À l’issue de cette dissertation, j’espère avoir offert au lecteur une base pour percevoir et comprendre les défis encore à relever pour le champ de la littérature relatif à l’amorçage social. Ce faisant, j’espère avoir également ébauché une piste de solution potentielle visant à mieux appréhender et décrypter les processus du phénomène d’amorçage social. / Doctorat en Sciences Psychologiques et de l'éducation / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Notre recherche se donne pour objectifs, d'une part, d'étudier les facteurs affectant la réforme de la formation des enseignants ; et d'autre part, d'analyser les impacts de la formation durable des étudiants de professeur en dernière année d'étude d'Université Burapha. Cette recherche est entamée à l'aide de l'échantillonnage en boule de neige auprès de 33 étudiants de professeur en cinquième année d'étude à la Faculté de Pédagogie qui étaient en stage d'enseignement pendant l'année académique 2011/2012 dans 3 groupes des 31 écoles : groupe A – enseignement préscolaire, groupe B – enseignement élémentaire, et groupe C – enseignement secondaire. La recherche est également menée à partir des enjeux historiques, des recherches documentaires, des interviews et des groupes de discussion ciblée. Le contenu des données qualitatives dans cette recherche sont analysé par le logiciel « QSR NVivo10 for student program ».Les résultats de notre recherche révèlent que des trois groupes A, B et C d'étudiants de professeur interviewés ont les mêmes facteurs d'impact suivants. D'abord, les facteurs qui se manifestent avant le stage d'enseignement sont les expectations des individus, celles du système d'aménagement, et celles du contexte environnemental de l'école de stage en cours. Ces perceptions renvoient à la première phase du modèle SMART Practice dite « la phase de stimulation ». Ensuite, pendant le stage, les étudiants ont connu les perceptions de soi, celles des individus, et celles de l'aménagement, ce qui correspond à la deuxième phase du modèle intitulée « la phase de modification ». De plus, le fait que les étudiants en stage y perçoivent également leur développement dans l'enseignement fait appel à la troisième phase du modèle qu'est « la phase d'amplification ». Enfin, après le stage, les étudiants trouvent en eux de nouvelles compétences et la capacité de s'évaluer, ce qui est en harmonie avec la quatrième phase du modèle qu'on appelle « la phase de reconstruction ».Selon les interviews des groupes de discussion ciblée, les étudiants dans les trois groupes A, B et C, paraît-il, donnent les mêmes suggestions pour tous les acteurs dans leur cercle de stage d'enseignement : l'équipe administrative et pédagogique de l'université et les parties prenantes devraient ainsi prendre en charge de développer durablement le stage d'enseignement des étudiants de professeur. En effet, ces suggestions reposent sur la gestion de l'orientation des étudiants en stage d'enseignement, les types de séminaires pour les stagiaires-étudiants de professeur, la durée du stage, les écoles de stage en cours, le renforcement positif, et les activités de l'après-stage. Ces recommandations des étudiants révèlent dans une certaine mesure que ces derniers arrivent à la dernière phase du modèle SMART Practice dite « la phase de transformation » : les suggestions données mettent en relief leur changement véritable qui amènera ces étudiants de professeur à connaître leur développement durable à long-terme. / The purpose of this research was to study the factors that affect teacher training reform and to analyze the impact of sustainable training of the last year study of Burapha University teacher students. The sample of the study was the fifth-year teacher training students of Faculty of Education, Burapha University have 33 teacher training students on academic year 2011-2012 at practice teaching in 31 schools for group A (pre-primary education), B (primary education), and C (secondary education) by snowball sampling. The study utilises historical issue, documents, interviews and focus group. The data was analyzed by content analysis with QSR NVivo10 for student program.The results of the research findings indicate that teacher training students in group A, B, and C. First, the impact factors pre-teaching practice were the expectations of individual, management system, and school physical contexts. Based on these perceptions, it was in the stage of stimulation and it was the first stage of SMART practice model. Second, during teaching practice, These were self-perception, individual perception, and the perception of management. For this perception, it was in the stage of modification that was the second step. Apart from that, teacher training students perceived their development in teaching. Thus, it was the stage of amplification. Last, post-teaching practice, They perceived themselves about the competencies and self-assessment. Based on this perception, it was in the stage of reconstruction. It could be said that it was the fourth step of SMART practice model.From the focus group interviews, teacher training students in group A, B, and C similarly suggested the points that concerned parties such as the university management team and stakeholders should sustainably develop teacher training students' teaching practice. These suggestions were the orientation management for teacher training students, teaching practice seminar types, teaching practice period, teaching practice schools, the positive reinforcement in teaching practice, post-teaching practice activities. With these recommendations, they are in the stage of transformation. This is in the final stage of the SMART practice model that change becomes certain and leads to the long-term sustainable development as those three groups of teacher training students' suggestions.