Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2016-09-02T14:30:02Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Edson Santana da Silva.pdf: 3400962 bytes, checksum: 19a9d5000ef9d96d2443ae3c1b4a4e12 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-02T14:30:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Edson Santana da Silva.pdf: 3400962 bytes, checksum: 19a9d5000ef9d96d2443ae3c1b4a4e12 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-14 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / The aim of this dissertation, held at the Postgraduate Studies Programme in Portuguese at Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, is to study the construction and textual organization from the perspective of retextualization activity, taking the oral form of the language as the basis to obtain satisfactory results in the written text. At school, writing is usually taken as an object of study at the expense of orality. However, in the last decades, in Brazil, the development of linguistic research lines that put the two modes of language - oral and written - at the same level has allowed greater recognition of orality and hence greater concern and further studies on the strategies carried out in the passage of the spoken text to written text. Our main objective is discuss some pedagogical approaches to work with text construction, through retextualization. The specific objectives are: 1. Identify the structure and functional characteristics of the oral form. 2. Identify the structure and characteristics of the written form. 3. Show similarities and differences between the oral and written forms. 4. Introduce a proposal to teach the textual production through the retextualization process aiming at the communicative competence of the student. The theories that support this research is the analysis of conversation, interactional sociolinguistics and textual linguistics. The first and second theories deal with the study of the organization, construction and the main aspects of the oral discourse, especially as a contextualized practice. The third one has provided information for the understanding and teaching of text production / Esta dissertação de mestrado, realizada no Programa de Estudos Pós-Graduados em Língua Portuguesa da Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, propõe-se a fazer um estudo da construção e organização textuais sob a perspectiva da atividade de retextualização, considerando a base dessa atividade a modalidade oral da língua para se obter resultados satisfatórios no texto escrito. Usualmente, a escola tem valorizado a escrita como objeto de estudo em detrimento da oralidade. Entretanto, nas últimas décadas, no Brasil, o desenvolvimento de linhas de pesquisas linguísticas que colocam as duas modalidades da língua – a oral e a escrita – no mesmo patamar tem possibilitado maior reconhecimento da oralidade e, consequentemente, maior preocupação e mais estudos no tratamento das estratégias realizadas na passagem do texto falado para o texto escrito. Este trabalho intenta contribuir para uma perspectiva de formação linguística mais vasta, discutindo e propondo caminhos para abordagens didático-pedagógicas da construção do texto, sob o viés da retextualização. Os objetivos específicos são: 1) identificar a estrutura e as características funcionais da modalidade oral; 2) identificar a estrutura e as características da modalidade escrita; 3) mostrar semelhanças e diferenças entre essas duas modalidades; 4) apresentar uma proposta para o ensino de produção textual, a partir do processo de retextualização, visando a competência comunicativa e de produção textual do aluno. As teorias que deram sustentação a esta pesquisa consistiram na Análise da Conversação, na Sociolinguística interacional e na Linguística Textual. A primeira e a segunda fundamentaram o estudo da organização, construção e os principais aspectos do discurso oral, bem como os aspectos sociais da língua. A terceira, por sua vez, forneceu subsídios, por meio de estudos atualizados, para o entendimento de práticas de produção textual e práticas de ensino dessa produção

La thèse montre les résultats du projet de recherche doctorale intitulé « Colonialisme, conflit armé et luttes pour la mémoire. Une étude anthropologique de la région du Magdalena Medio, Colombie, Amérique du Sud ». Le projet fut réalisé dans le Laboratoire d’Anthropologie Sociale LAS – Collège de France et l’École Doctorale en Anthropologie Sociale et Ethnologie (ED286) de l’École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales de Paris EHESS, sous la direction de Mme. Tassadit Yacine-Titouh. La région du Magdalena Medio s’étend sur le bassin moyen du fleuve Magdalena, une vaste vallée entre la Cordillère oriental et la Cordillère central, deux chaînes de montagnes des Andes Septentrionales en Colombie (Amérique du Sud). Jusqu'à récemment, la région du Magdalena Medio fut une frontière intérieure d’une apparence sauvage, qui hébergeait les survivants des anciens peuples indigènes de filiation Karib ou Caraïbe ainsi que certains vieux hameaux et villages d’origine espagnole appauvries. La région était une enclave par l’absence de moyens de communication, un refuge fréquente des groupes séditieux, dissidents ou insurgés et un territoire ouvert tant pour la colonisation des paysans pauvres que pour l’acquisition de terrains de la part des grandes entreprises commerciales. De la même manière, cette région était historiquement connue pour abriter quelques unes de plus grandes richesses du pays: les principales mines de l’or et d’émeraudes, les exploitations forestières comme la quinquina, les cultures tropicales comme la canne à sucre, le tabac, l’indigo, le café et le palmier à huile, l’élevage de bétail dans les plaines, les industries du gaz et pétrole et, plus récemment, les cultures de coca et de pavot. La coexistence de marginalité et richesse fut déterminant pour que la région du Magdalena Medio ait été l’épicentre de la violence colombienne au cours du dernier siècle : la violence des partis politiques libéral et conservateur depuis les années 1930, la violence des bandes des bandits (ou bandoleros) depuis les années 1950, la violence associée à l’apparition des guérillas de gauche depuis les années 1960, la violence déclenchée par les groupes de justice privée depuis les années 1970 et la violence provoquée par les paramilitaires depuis les années 1980. Dans le contexte de ces violences furent commis certains des crimes le plus horribles de la longue histoire de la violence colombienne. Cette recherche doctorale eut pour objectif principal de clarifier quel rôle joua la culture de chaque province de la région du Magdalena Medio dans la production et la reproduction d’une violence de caractères « quasi » endémiques et ses implications en la construction d’une mémoire régionale. / The thesis exposes the results of the project titled “Colonialism, armed conflict and the disputes for memory. An anthropological study of Magdalena Medio, Colombia (South America)”. The project was made from Laboratory of Social Anthropology – Collège de France and Doctoral School of Anthropology [ED286] at The School of Advanced Studies in the Social Sciences (EHESS in French) under the direction of Tassadit Yacine-Titouh. The region of Magdalena Medio is located on middle basin of Magdalena River, a wide valley between the Cordillera Oriental and Cordillera Central, two mountain ranges of the Northern Andes in Colombia (South America). Until a few decades ago, the region of Magdalena Medio was an interior border, with wild appearance, which was the lodging the last survivors of the indigenous peoples Caribes or Karibs and the jurisdiction of ancient villages and towns of Spanish origin (16th-17th centuries) and new settlements arose from recent colonization (19th-20th centuries). The region was an enclave due to the absence of roads and highways, a frequent refuge of seditious, dissident and rebel groups, and an open territory for both peasant colonization and the occupation of big capitalist companies. The region is also historically known for having the most important national wealth: the mines of gold and emeralds, the forest exploitation as the quinine, the tropical agriculture of sugarcane, tobacco, indigo, coffee and oil palm, the livestock farming on the plains, the gas and petrol industries and, more recently, the coca and poppy cultivations. The coexistence of wealth and poverty turned the Magdalena Medio in one of the nation’s most violent regions. The region of Magdalena Medio was the epicenter of violence between political parties since the 1930’s, the violence of bandits or bandoleros since the 1950’s, the violence of leftist guerillas since the 1960’s, the violence of private justice groups since the 1970’s and the violence of paramilitary forces since the 1980’s. In these contexts were perpetrated some of the most shameful facts of the Colombian history. The project tried to clarify the role of culture in each province in the production and reproduction of a violence of “quasi” endemic character and their implications en the construction of an regional memory.

Little empirical work has been conducted on workplace practices in university settings. Meanwhile, the impact of feedback on changing consumption patterns has been mainly studied through individualistic approaches. The academic workplace with its variety of users offers a setting that could provide a range of insights as to how practices form and change under the impact of efficiency interventions and, in turn, how relevant policies could be formed. This research looks at workplace practices related to the regulation of indoor temperature and the use of office equipment. It examines the potential of reducing energy usage in the workplace through a case study on the understanding of and interventions in practices using consumption feedback. A framework based on social practice theory is applied where daily practices are configured by routines, technologies, knowledge and meanings. The research takes place in a UK university building, where the provision of real-time consumption feedback through a display is employed to raise energy awareness. It follows a case study approach featuring three different office typologies and associated user groups: the shared, enclosed administrative office; the PhD open-plan office, and the post-doctoral cellular office. The study begins with an examination of the thermal characteristics and comfort preferences in the case study offices. It then examines how users shape their practices in the workplace. Finally, it observes the impact of feedback through real-time displays on the reduction of energy consumption. A mixed methods approach is employed combining qualitative and quantitative data. Semi- structured interviews and on-site observations are cross-related to environmental conditions monitoring, electricity audits and thermal comfort diaries. Data collection takes place in two phases— (February 2014 and July 2014) —to capture differences in practices between the winter and summer as well as before and after the installation of real-time displays. By exploring the empirical evidence through a practice theory framework, this research shows how social dynamics, the difference between the notion of comfort at home and work, and striving for productivity can prefigure ‘passive’ thermal comfort practices in the workplace. The real-time displays did not trigger change despite the fact electricity audits revealed a savings potential related to high standby use. The inadequacy of building maintenance structures, significant installation delays and the type of projected information were the main factors restricting change. The use of a practice approach advanced the understanding as to why it is so difficult to save energy at work and use feedback as a successful intervention. The combination of qualitative enquiry and energy audits meanwhile indicated the potential source of savings.

The current trend of emissions from the transport sector is unsustainable. To increase cycling mitigates these emissions, while also actively promoting health and alleviating congestion within cities. However, the clear benefits from cycling, along with efforts from municipalities around the world to promote cycling, have not translated in a sufficient change in behavior to reverse the global trends in emissions. Rather than looking at individual behavior, Social Practice Theory (SPT) is concerned with the practice (of cycling) as a whole. Primarily through interviews with international students about their experiences cycling and how they picked up cycling in Uppsala, voted best bike city in Sweden in 2018, I present an analysis of the recruitment process, and the overall practice of cycling in Uppsala through the lens of SPT. In this thesis I found that the pervasiveness of cycling throughout Uppsala and the social networks created by exchange students work together to recruit practitioners and spread the practice of cycling.

The primary task of this thesis is to explain what the relationship between social practice and the socially emergent self is, and to concurrently explain why this relationship is of significance to an accurate theory of social practice itself. A subsequent aim of this is to explain how the socially emergent self can be used to account for individual engagement in moral practices. Building on George Herbert Mead, it is argued that the social process through which the self emerges moulds the individual’s capacity to engage with social practice. It is argued that combining Mead’s theory of the socially emergent self with relational sociology provides a theoretical framework that can account for how intersubjective and historically situated social practices are taken on by the individual, to the extent that she can engage in such practices both reflectively and pre-reflectively. What is more, this theoretical synthesis is able to account for how social practices are engaged with in an incredibly routine and ‘ordinary’ manner, while also accounting for individual variation in this engagement. This theory is then applied to moral practices. It is contended that individual engagement in moral practice is not altogether different from engagement in social practice generally, and thus the theory offered here also accounts for how individuals are able to engage in moral practice in both a routine and an individualised manner.

This thesis examines the ways in which my artistic practice is creating a space for victims and survivors of domestic violence and sexual assault to share, gain catharsis, and spark discussions. As a survivor of domestic violence and sexual assault, I have often felt there was no space for me to voice the many emotions that come with my experience. After creating and sharing autobiographical work about my story, many women have shared their stories of survival with me. Through these many conversations, I knew that we needed to create a space to share these stories. I have created this space through the To(get)her project. To(get)her is a collaborative performance and installation in which women from a variety of backgrounds destroy and transform wax guns with kitchen and cosmetic tools such as waffle irons, hair dryers, high-heeled shoes, curling irons, and meat tenderizers. These wax guns act as a metaphor for the violence that happens to many women on a daily basis. One in three women will encounter domestic violence and one in five women will be raped in their lifetimes in the United States. Not only are many of our bodies attacked mentally, physically and sexually, but the government also stakes claims on our bodies. With 138 representatives and 22 senators voting against the Violence Against Women Act (VAWA) and many of those same politicians also voting against stricter gun regulations it is apparent that these politicians do not see it as problematic that women’s bodies are so often targets. Further, in the current political climate it is imperative that people in the United States understand the importance of VAWA, and that it is a necessary bill that will be up for reauthorization in 2018. There have been six iterations of the To(get)her project. Through these performances, over 75 self-identifying women have been a part of the project, sharing their stories and igniting discussion about violence against women. When women come together, their connections are empowering, fierce, sometimes gentle and always meaningful.

What is not discussed becomes veiled in denial. And as a woman, what becomes veiled in denial exists as oppression. And what exists as oppression, when confronted becomes taboo, irrational, and improper. This is my body, my mind and my drive. Fresh Expression: A Guide to Cultural Reclamation is a performative, installation that explores subversion, indulgence and the female lactating body in a sociological context; where the audience becomes active participants within a live and changing environment. This live event documents the extrication of my breast milk and recontextualizes the breast milk outside of my body. The event not only explores my personal investment in questioning my experience as a lactating woman in western culture, but also challenges the audience to reflect on topics related to lactation, bodily fluids, consumption, and sexuality.

This study is focusing of the Swedish public library as an institution for general education during the period of 1910 to 1990. The aim is to enhance the knowledge of the construction of the Swedish citizen during the organized modernity.  What were the functions of the educational efforts characterizing public library, what procedures, technologies and techniques were in use´, how did they govern and what was the inherent impact of the citizen? With inspiration from the work of Michel Foucault the library discourse have been examined from a genealogical perspective illuminating discursive and non-discursive apparatuses, technologies and relations of power within the public library practices. The public library activities were organized hierarchic, giving the national library the overall responsibility for strategic activities, thus governing regional and local libraries to form localities, book collections, methods for studies considered appropriate for people. The local libraries´ responsibility was to offer the citizens appropriate books and methods for general studies. Bio-power technologies and disciplinary techniques, such as panoptical, expert strategies and central governing are in use. Limited selections, exclusions, rating based on hierarchical principles, governing on distance, self-regulation are the most important and common not only within the field of public library but in society as a whole.  Thus, forming an active and accountable citizen that is capable of making choices, recurrently willing to reconstruct herself by studies and consumption of books. The conclusion is that this citizen, consuming knowledge and high culture, corresponds well to the requirements of the modern society. / Staten, subjektet och pedagogisk teknologi. En nutidshistorisk studie av politiska epistemologier och styrningsmentaliteter i det tidiga 2000-talet

In this study information-related activities engaged in by engineers during work task performance in the research and development centre at Sandvik Materials Technology AB are investigated. The purpose of the present study was to identify and achieve an understanding of the information-related activities performed by engineers during work task performance in a corporate context. The work task performance in focus is the task of writing a technical report.The study rests on methodological triangulation through the use of a work task diary, a semi-structured questionnaire and focus groups. In total 16 engineers participated in the study. The theoretical framework is based on theories of information in social practice, the information seeking process and the concept of task.The study presents results showing that engineers work in a highly complex information environment and their work task performance is to a high degree affected by situational attributes such as previous experience, type of work task, time, target group, and access to information. The results show that the information sources preferred by engineers have not changed over time; rather a change is seen in the type of sources. There is a distinct increase in the use of electronic sources; which in turn seem to affect the way engineers perceive accessibility. The study also shows that there are evident situational and contextual attributes affecting the information-related activities. Information needed to perform a work task is strongly related to data retrieved from experiments. There also seems to be an embedded tolerance for a low scientific level in technical reports, even though the scientific practice is the norm.This study also shows that the concept of work task forms a relevant basis for studies of information-related activities, particularly in combination with theories on information in social practice. The model of the work task process combined with a faceted classification of work tasks provides a sound methodological tool for the analysis of work tasks in different contexts.

There is a globally acknowledged urgency for mankind to transition toward sustainability. Empowering people to make sound assessments is the basis for desirable transitions. ‘Education for sustainable development’ (ESD) is an interdisciplinary learning process advancing knowledge, understanding and action for sustainability. To encourage sustainability transitions ESD needs to be personal and place-specific. One platform provisioning for such learning is ‘ecotourism’, where participants have a heightened sense of self, others and the environment. Hence a practice incorporating ESD into ecotourism is investigated in this thesis, to determine whether the setting would be propitious for fostering sustainability transitions. The pertinent sustainability concepts are assessed, and ‘social practice theory’ is utilized in a case study. The approach of social practice theory was preferable, as it holds the assumption that people are able to act in relation to collective cultural activities rather than in immediate responses to internal or environmental events. The effect of ESD in ecotourism is analyzed through observations and unstructured interviews conducted in a case-study in Turkey – Narköy, which is a hotel, organic farm and educational facility. The findings imply that through social practice, pro-environmental transitions can be encouraged and strengthened, with the provisions of having freedom for learning, social interaction, connection with nature, tangible activities and inclusive approach.