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This mixed-methods study uses ritual analysis, key informant interviews, and a semi-structured questionnaire to explore stressors and coping among Hispanic im/migrants to rural Mississippi. The study applies Turner’s model of ritual analysis to the procession of la Virgen de Guadalupe for insight into the values, concerns, actions, and motivations of the community. Results from ritual analysis suggest the precession of la Virgen de Guadalupe unites the multi-national community and empowers the participants through their faith in God and la Virgen de Guadalupe. Results from the semi-structured questionnaire identify stressors among the Hispanic community relating to separation from family and friends, job shortage, transportation barriers, and language barriers.

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No description available.

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Fatigue is common in the general population, and is the hallmark of chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME). Although the occurrence of sleep difficulties is known to be common in subjects with fatigue, research on insomnia in such subjects is absent. The current study sought to examine the impact comorbid insomnia has on level of fatigue in subjects with chronic fatigue. The aim of this study is to assess the relationship between insomnia and chronic fatigue, and examine if the relationship is affected by the endocrine activity in the HPA axis. The following hypotheses were tested: 1) Do patients with chronic fatigue and comorbid insomnia experience more fatigue than patients with chronic fatigue without comorbid insomnia? 2) Do patients with chronic fatigue and with initially comorbid insomnia experience more fatigue after treatment than chronic fatigue patients without comorbid insomnia? 3) Do patients with chronic fatigue who experience improvement in insomnia after treatment also experience less fatigue by the end of treatment compared with patients who do not experience improvement in insomnia? 4) Is the potential relationship between insomnia and chronic fatigue influenced by the activity of the HPA axis as expressed by variation in cortisol output measured by Trier Social Stress Test for Groups (TSST-G)? The study sample consisted of 75 patients with chronic fatigue. Thirty-three met criteria for insomnia, while 42 did not. While staying at Hysnes Rehabilitation Center in Trondheim, Norway, they received a work-related Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) treatment intervention lasting 3.5 weeks. In addition, they participated in a standardized stress test (Trier Social Stress Test) pre- and post-treatment. Saliva cortisol samples were collected during the test in order to measure variation in cortisol output. The current finding is the first description of how insomnia in patients with chronic fatigue is associated with higher levels of fatigue (p < .05). Further, this study gives preliminary support indicating that remission of insomnia in patients with chronic fatigue can significantly reduce levels of fatigue (p < .05), and furthermore improve the physiological stress-response (p < .05). These results might encourage clinicians to assess and provide specific treatment for insomnia in patients with chronic fatigue as this might improve their treatment results. An aim for further research should be to investigate the effect of specified treatment for insomnia in patients with chronic fatigue.

Orientador: Eliane Gonçalves de Freitas / Banca: Marisa Fernandes de Castilho / Banca: José Eurico Possebon Cyrino / Resumo: Animais com a mesma habilidade de luta podem lutar por mais tempo e intensamente do que em confrontos assimétricos. Assim, a seleção de peixes pela similaridade de tamanho em manejos da piscicultura pode causar um aumento das interações agressivas e levar à instabilidade social em peixes socialmente organizados. Assim, testou-se a hipótese de que o agrupamento de animais de tamanhos semelhantes aumenta as interações agressivas entre machos de tilápia-do-nilo, linhagem GIFT. Este, por sua vez, aumenta o estresse social e desestabiliza a hierarquia social. Foram comparados dois tratamentos: um grupo homogêneo (HM), formado por cinco machos revertidos com variação de tamanho entre 9,0 e 9,4 cm; e um grupo heterogêneo (HT), formado por cinco animais de tamanhos variando entre 7,5 e 11,5 cm (n=16 para cada tratamento). Os peixes foram mantidos nesses grupos por seis dias, nos quais as interações agonísticas foram registradas a partir do segundo dia de agrupamento (10 min dia-1 - 5 sessões de observação). Níveis de cortisol plasmático e taxa de crescimento específico (TCE) foram utilizados para inferir estresse social. A frequência de interações agonísticas foi maior no HM (média ± S.E: HM = 302,06± 20,13 x 10 min-1; HT = 151,06 ± 13,35 x 10 min-1). Mudanças na posição social ocorreram neste grupo, indicando instabilidade social. Entretanto, os níveis de cortisol (HM = 27,54 ± 3,02 ng mL-1; HT = 24,42 ± 2,41 ng mL-1) e TCE (HM = -0,53 ± 0,04%; HT = -0,64 ± 0,08%) foram similares entre os tratamentos. Dessa forma, conclui-se que o agrupamento de peixes de tamanhos semelhantes aumenta as interações agressivas e desestabiliza a hierarquia social. Assim, apesar de não terem sido encontradas diferenças nos indicadores de estresse, pode-se concluir, com base em comportamento, que o agrupamento de animais de tamanhos semelhante reduz o bem-estar de peixes sociais... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Animals with similar fighting ability can fight intensely and longer than animals in 27 asymmetric contests. Thus, the selection of fish by size similarity in husbandry might increase 28 aggressive interactions, and lead to social instability in socially organized fish. We tested the 29 hypothesis that grouping similar size animals increases aggressive interactions between males of 30 Genetic Improved Farmed Tilapia (GIFT). This, in turn, enhances social stress and destabilizes 31 social hierarchy. We compared two treatments: a homogeneous group (HM) formed by five 32 males ranging in size from 9.0 to 9.4 cm, and a heterogeneous group (HT) formed by five males 33 sizing from 7.5 to 11.5 cm (n = 16 each treatment). The fish were kept in these groups for six 34 days, in which agonistic interactions were video-recorded daily from the second day of 35 grouping (10 min/ day - five observation sessions). Plasma cortisol levels and specific growth 36 rate (SGR) were used to infer stress level. The frequency of agonistic interactions was higher in 37 the HM (mean ± S.E.: HM = 302.06 ± 20.13 x 50 min-1; HT = 151.06 ± 13.35 x 50 min-1). 38 Changes in social position occurred over time in this group, indicating social instability. 39 However, cortisol levels (HM = 27.54 ± 3.02 ng.mL-1; HT = 24.42 ± 2.41 ng.mL-1) and SGR 40 (HM = -0.53 ± 0.04 %; HT = -0.64 ± 0.08 %) were similar between treatments. Thus, we 41 conclude that the grouping of similar size fish increases aggressive interactions and destabilizes 42 social hierarchy. Although no significant differences were found on indicators of stress we can 43 conclude, based on behavior, that groups of similar sized animals reduces the welfare in social 44 fish, because chances of injuries are higher than in heterogeneous groups / Mestre

To evaluate interaction of water alkalinity and stocking density on body ionic levels, survival, growth and behavior of silver catfish, Rhamdia quelen, juveniles, a short-term experiment (96 h) analyzed the effect of three alkalinity levels (30, 80 and 130 mg/L CaCO3) and four stocking densities (4, 8, 16, and 24 g/L). In addition, a growth experiment of 30 days verified the effect of three stocking densities (4, 8, 16 g/L) and the same alkalinity levels. Survival and body ionic levels were not significantly affected in the short-term experiment, but after 30 days survival was significantly reduced in the group maintained at the stocking density of 16 g/L and 30 mg/L CaCO3. However, this treatment provided higher weight and specific growth rate compared to the treatment with the highest alkalinity and the same stocking density. The time of capture of the food, in both experiments, was faster in the treatments of high stocking density. In the short-term experiment fish remained mainly in the bottom, and the reduction of stocking density increased swimming speed. The color of the animals was significantly clearer in the lowest densities of the growth experiment. Agonistic side behaviors prevailed in the lowest alkalinities of the stocking density of 8 g/L, and cannibalism occurred only in the stocking density of 8 g/L and alkalinity of 130 mg/L CaCO3 of the growth experiment. The stocking density of 16 g/L and alkalinity of 80 mg/L CaCO3 seems to be the most appropriate for silver catfish juveniles growth in these experimental conditions. / Com o objetivo de avaliar a interação da alcalinidade da água com diferentes densidades de estocagem sobre os níveis iônicos corporais, sobrevivência, crescimento e comportamento de juvenis de jundiá, Rhamdia quelen, delineou-se um experimento de curta duração (96 h) com três níveis de alcalinidade (30, 80 e 130 mg/L CaCO3) e quatro densidades de estocagem (4, 8, 16 e 24 g/L). Além disso, em um experimento de crescimento (30 dias) testou-se três densidades de estocagem (4, 8, 16 g/L) e as mesmas alcalinidades. A sobrevivência e os níveis iônicos corporais não foram afetados no experimento de curta duração, mas após 30 dias a sobrevivência foi reduzida no tratamento de maior densidade e menor alcalinidade. Este mesmo tratamento foi o que obteve melhores resultados de peso e taxa de crescimento específico em relação à maior alcalinidade da mesma densidade. O tempo de captura do alimento, em ambos experimentos, foi mais curto nos tratamentos de maior densidade. No experimento de curta duração os peixes se concentravam mais no fundo à medida que se diminuía a densidade de estocagem e com o aumento desta aumentou a velocidade de natação. A coloração dos animais foi significativamente mais clara nas menores densidades do experimento de crescimento. Confrontos laterais predominaram nas menores alcalinidades da densidade de 8 g/L, canibalismos ocorreram apenas na densidade de 8 g/L e alcalinidade de 130 mg/L CaCO3 do experimento de crescimento. A utilização da densidade de estocagem de 16 g/L e alcalinidade de 80 mg/L CaCO3 é a mais adequada para o cultivo de juvenis de jundiá nestas condições experimentais.