Proefschrift Universiteit Maastricht. / Met lit. opg. - Met samenvatting in het Nederlands.

Proefschrift Maastricht. / Met lit. opg. en een samenvatting in het Nederlands.

No description available.

No description available.

Proefschrift Universiteit van Amsterdam. / Met lit. opg. - Met samenvatting in het Nederlands.

Proefschrift Maastricht. / Lit. opg. - Met een samenvatting in het Nederlands.

Proefschrift Rijksuniversiteit Limburg, Maastricht. / Auteursnaam op omslag: Wim Riedel. Met samenvatting in het Nederlands. - Met bibliogr., lit. opg.

Abstract Suicide is a public health problem that, in addition to loss of human life, leads to extensive psychological suffering and impairment of the health of relatives. It is common that suicide occurs under the influence of mental illness such as personality disorders and depression. Depression is a serious condition that often causes severe suffering. Depression can affect all ages, i.e. children, adolescents, adults and the elderly and it is as costly as heart disease. In Sweden, depression is one of the most common psychiatric diagnoses. About 19 percent of the population (16-84 years) have been diagnosed with depression at least once in their lifetime.  Of these, almost one in three have been diagnosed more than once. The affected individual performs poorly in daily activities such as school, work and in social settings. Additionally, there is increased risk of suicide in depressed individuals. Accordingly, it is important to treat depression to reduce suffering. Depression in children was accepted as the same disease as in adults since 1980. Today, depression is treated primarily with first-line therapy SSRIs. The aim of this work was to examine the effect and safety of antidepressants in the treatment of major depresive disorder in chlidren and adolescents with special reference to suicidal activity and self-injury. To implement this study, scientific articles were obtained in Pubmed, and five articles were selected. Study 1 showed that the combination of fluoxetine and CBT, cognitive behavior therapy, had better effect than treatment with only flouxetin or with only CBT. Study 2 showed that suicidal events and ideation were least among the group treated with the combination of fluoxetine and CBT compared to the treatment with only fluoxetine or only CBT. Study 3 showed that more suicide-related events occurred among the group with previous non-suicidal self-injury, NSSI. Study 4 resulted in greater medical response and better remission in escitalopram patients compared to placebo. Study 5 showed that treatment with venlafaxine caused serious adverse events that led to many discontinuing treatment. Treatment with antidepressants, especially in combination with CBT, can reduce the severity of depression in children and adolescents and reduce suicidal ideation and suicide attempts in some patients. In cases of treatment failure a risk of suicide and self-injury remains. Previous self-injury increases the risk of future self-injury as well as the risk of future suicide attempts.

?rea de concentra??o: Farmacologia. / Submitted by Nivaldo Melo (nivaldo.melo@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2015-11-30T16:02:46Z No. of bitstreams: 2 amine_becheleni_pimenta.pdf: 1766840 bytes, checksum: 6c26ee2619fece6619b42bf5cce87cb9 (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2015-12-02T16:37:33Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 amine_becheleni_pimenta.pdf: 1766840 bytes, checksum: 6c26ee2619fece6619b42bf5cce87cb9 (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-12-02T16:37:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 amine_becheleni_pimenta.pdf: 1766840 bytes, checksum: 6c26ee2619fece6619b42bf5cce87cb9 (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / As plantas do g?nero Kielmeyera, cujos efeitos farmacol?gicos j? foram demonstrados, s?o plantas nativas da regi?o do Vale do Jequitinhonha e conhecidas como Pau Santo. A Kielmeyera rubriflora ? utilizada na medicina caseira, entretanto, at? o momento n?o existem dados dispon?veis na literatura de estudos farmacol?gicos a seu respeito. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos ansiol?ticos e antidepressivos do extrato bruto das partes a?reas da K. rubriflora sobre a atividade do sistema nervoso central (SNC) de camundongos su??os albinos machos. O extrato bruto das partes a?reas foi administrado via oral nas doses de 100 mg/Kg, 250 mg/Kg e 500 mg/Kg em camundongos albinos, su??os, machos, com idade entre 9 e 13 semanas, com peso entre 25 e 40 g. Foram utilizados os testes de triagem farmacol?gica comportamental (agudo), movimenta??o espont?nea (agudo), potencializa??o do tempo de sono induzido por tiopental s?dico (agudo), placa perfurada (agudo), labirinto em cruz elevado (agudo), nado for?ado (cr?nico) e suspens?o da cauda (cr?nico). Na de triagem farmacol?gica comportamental, foram detectados efeitos de depress?o do SNC pela dose de 100mg/Kg e de est?mulo do SNC nas doses de 250 e 500 mg/Kg. O tempo de sono que foi reduzido pelo extrato em 20 e 26% nas doses de 100 e 500 mg/Kg respectivamente. A ambula??o foi significativamente aumentada nas doses de 100 e 500 mg/Kg sugerindo efeito ansiol?tico e significativamente diminu?da na dose de 250 mg sugerindo efeito sedativo. As propriedades ansiol?ticas foram investigadas nos testes da placa perfurada e do labirinto em cruz elevado, onde houve diminui??o do tempo de perman?ncia nos bra?os fechados com a doses de 100mg/Kg e aumento significativo de entradas no bra?o aberto na doses de 250mg/Kg sugerindo atividade ansiol?tica nestas doses. No teste da placa perfurada houve diminui??o significativa de mergulhos de cabe?a na dose de 250mg/Kg e 500mg/Kg sugerindo a??o sedativa e aumento significativo de mergulhos de cabe?a na dose de 100 mg/Kg sugerindo a??o ansiol?tica. A atividade antidepressiva foi investigada com os testes de suspens?o da cauda e nado for?ado. No teste da suspens?o da cauda houve diminui??o dose-dependente, por?m n?o significativa do tempo de imobilidade. No teste de nado for?ado houve diminui??o significativa do tempo de imobilidade em todas as doses investigadas sugerindo atividade antidepressiva, principalmente na dose de 100 mg/Kg. Sendo assim os dados encontrados sugerem a??o sedativa, ansiol?tica e antidepressiva dose-dependente do extrato bruto da Kielmeyera rubriflora. / Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-gradua??o em Ci?ncias Farmac?uticas, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2014. / ABSTRACT The plants of the genus Kielmeyera, whose pharmacological effects have been reported, are native to the Vale do Jequitinhonha region and are known as ?Pau Santo?. The Kielmeyera rubriflora is used in folk medicine; however, no data are available in the literature on pharmacological studies regarding this species. The aim of the study was to evaluate the anxiolytics and antidepressants effects of the crude extract from the aerial parts of K. rubriflora activity on the central nervous system (CNS) of Swiss albino male mice. The crude extract of the aerial parts was administered orally at doses of 100 mg/kg, 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg to albino Swiss, male mice, between 9 and 13 weeks of age, weighing between 25 and 40 g. Behavioral pharmacological screening (acute), spontaneous movement (acute), potentiation of sleeping time induced by sodium thiopental (acute), elevated plus maze (acute), hole board (acute), forced swimming (chronic) and tail suspension (chronic) tests were performed. In the behavioral pharmacological screening of CNS depression, effects were detected with the 100 mg/kg dose, and CNS stimulation was detected with the doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg. The duration of sleep was reduced by the extract at 20 and 26% with doses 100 and 500 mg/kg, respectively. The ambulation was significantly higher at doses of 100 and 500 mg/kg, suggesting an anxiolytic effect, and significantly lower at a dose of 250 mg, suggesting a sedative effect. Anxiolytic properties were investigated in the tests of the hole board and the elevated plus maze, where there is less time spent in the closed arms with doses of 100 mg/kg and a significant increase in open arms entries with doses of 250 mg/kg, suggesting an anxiolytic activity with these doses. In the hole board test, head dipping decreased significantly with doses of 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg, suggesting a sedative action. A significant increase in head dipping was observed with the doses of 100 mg/Kg, suggesting na anxiolytic action. The antidepressant activity was investigated with the tail suspension and forced swim tests. In the tail suspension test, a dose-dependent, but not significant, decrease in the immobility time, was observed. In the forced swim test, a significantly lower immobility time was observed at all the doses, suggesting an antidepressant activity, especially at a dose of 100 mg / kg. Thus, the data suggests a sedative, anxiolytic and antidepressant dose-dependent action of the crude extract of Kielmeyera rubriflora.

Depression är en sjukdom som 15-20% av befolkningen någon gång kommer att drabbas av.Vid behandling av depression används, förutom psykoterapi och elektrokonvulsiv behandling (ECT), antidepressiva läkemedel. De flesta läkemedlen påverkar serotoninåterupptag, men dåserotonin har effekt på andra ställen i kroppen än hjärnan kan det uppstå biverkningar. Vidmånga eller långvariga depressioner kan det bli aktuellt med långtidsbehandling. Riskerna medlångtidsbehandling är inte helt kända, och därför har i denna studie effekterna avlångtidsbehandling med antidepressiva läkemedel undersökts. Detta gjordes med hjälp av enlitteraturstudie utifrån frågeställningarna ”vilka effekter har långtidsbehandling medantidepressiva läkemedel på hjärt-kärlsystemet och frakturrisk?” och ”har långtidsbehandlingmed antidepressiva läkemedel några effekter på depressionssjukdomens prognos?” Studienvisar att antidepressiva läkemedel kan öka risken för frakturer samt påverka hjärt-kärlsystemet,samt att mekanismerna bakom detta fortfarande är oklara. / Depression is an illness that 15-20% of all people at some point will suffer from. In thetreatment of depression antidepressants are used but also psychotherapy and electroconvulsivetherapy. Most drugs affect serotonin reuptake, but since serotonin has an effect on other parts of thebody than the brain it may cause side effects. In the case of many or prolonged episodes ofdepression it may be necessary with long-term treatment. The risks of long-term treatment are notfully known, and therefore, in this study the effects of long-term treatment with antidepressants wasexamined. This was done by means of a literature study based on the questions "what is the impactof long-term treatment with antidepressant drugs on the cardiovascular system and fracture risk?"and "has long-term treatment with antidepressants any effects on the prognosis of depression?" Thestudy shows that antidepressants may increase the risk of fractures and affect the cardiovascularsystem, and that the mechanisms behind these are still unclear.