This paper aimes to provide a multidimensional view on the topic of the sustainability of the social system in the long run. Psychology together with sociology indicate that the impact of genetic factors on the forming of an individual into a well-ordered member of society with a normal values is much smaller than the impact of the family and its social capital. Social system aspirates to motivate the needed ones to become financially independent again, but this simply does not work. On the other hand in the attempt to increase the household income especially the socially excluded households chose to change their characteristics in order to get the social benefits rather than to enter labour market. One of the most important and relatively easily changable characteristics in this context is the number of unprovided children in the family. Therefore to get a bigger amount of social benefits they have children. To proove the rationality of such behaviour the concept of the consumption unit is used. This concept quantifies the economies of scale in the common household. The result is that while in the typical family the income per consumption unit steadily decreases with the increasing number of children, in the family without any earnings this income approximatly doubles. The financial situation of the poor family improves with the number of children. This has an adverse effect on the society structure in the long run, because it encourages higher birth rate of the groups that do not contribute to the system. It is possible to lower the birth rate in the unfavourable families and increase it in the typical families by changing the rules of computing the benefits. It is necessary to keep the income per consumption unit independent from the number of children. This can be achieved for example by a tax abatement. It is also advisable to connect the social and retirement system in the manner that the amount of the retirement pension would be affected by the amount of money contributed to the system by the children of the retiree.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(理学) / 甲第18674号 / 理博第4023号 / 新制||理||1580(附属図書館) / 31607 / 京都大学大学院理学研究科生物科学専攻 / (主査)准教授 中川 尚史, 教授 中務 真人, 教授 高橋 淑子 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

Cette thèse se propose d'étudier, à travers le cycle charismatique et à partir d'une comparaison avec le nassérisme, la relation que le charisme entretient avec la construction étatique. La première étape du cycle concerne la période pré-charismatique. Elle correspond à une crise aiguë de l'Etat patrimonial qui débouche en définitive sur la question de la souveraineté à partir de laquelle se révéleront les qualités charismatiques du leader. La carrière charismatique, quant à elle, est étroitement associée à l'attestation charismatique. La situation exceptionnelle permet d'asseoir la volonté populaire grâce à un leader charismatique mandaté par la nation pour mener le pays à l'indépendance. La révolution par le haut amorce une rupture qui permet à la fois le passage de l'empire à la république et le transfert du pouvoir en faveur d'une nouvelle oligarchie composée de bureaucrates et d'officiers militaires. Le passage à une situation autoritaire se traduit par l'emprise d'un Etat tutélaire prenant en charge la modernisation de la société et suivant une socialisation conservatrice sur le plan politique. Enfin la période post-charismatique est associée au processus de routinisation du charisme, étape à travers laquelle prend forme l'institutionnalisation de l'Etat. Au cours de cette étape, le passage du pluralisme limité à un pluralisme élargi n'a pas entamé l'ombre tutélaire qu'exerce Atatürk sur le système politique turc. Si les prétoriens ont renoncé à l'exercice direct du pouvoir et si le parti républicain a perdu de son hégémonie, l'héritage kémaliste est suffisamment prégnant pour structurer un espace politique qui s'ouvre de plus en plus à la société civile. / This thesis will explore, through the charismatic cycle and by a comparison with Nasserism, the relationship between the charisma and the maintain of the state-building. The first step of the cycle is the pre-charismatic period. It concerns an acute crisis of the patrimonial state that ultimately leads to the question of sovereignty, revealing in turn the charismatic qualities of the leader. The charismatic career, meanwhile, is closely associated with the charismatic assertion. The exceptional situation allows establishing the popular will through a charismatic leader appointed by the nation to lead the country to independence. The revolution from above suggests both the passage from the empire to the republic and the transfer of power in favor of a new oligarchy of bureaucrats and military officers. The transition to an authoritarian situation leads to the tutelary state dominance supporting the modernization of society and pursueing conservative socialization on the political level. Finally, the post-charismatic period is associated with the routinization of charisma, the step in which the institutionalization of the state is shaped. During this step, the passage from limited pluralism to a greater pluralism has not initiated the tutelary shadow that Atatürk exerted on the Turkish political system. If the Praetorians have renounced the direct exercise of power and if the Republican Party has lost its hegemony, the Kemalist legacy is sufficiently strong to structure a political space that opens increasingly to civil society.

Population ageing is one of humanity’s greatest triumphs that in the same time raise a lot of complex economic and social problems in all countries in 21 century because of necessity of warranting equal rights, increasing physical and functional health, social participation, independency and well being for elderly people. World Health Organization (WHO) suggests the actualization of active aging policy approach and encourages research for solving the problems. The social problem in Lithuania, the considerable increasing amount of elderly willing to be institutionalized and resigning their autonomy and independent living, raise important sociological problem, whether the active ageing policy (AAP) system is functioning in Lithuania. Our research was designed for analysis of that problem. The subject-matter of investigation is a social system of AAP in Lithuania. Hypothetical approach enables us predicate, that the system is not working on national level, and otherwise the problems of institutionalization of elderly should not bee so significant. The main goal of the present study is to traverse the functioning of national AAP social system and reveal interconnections amongst the basic structural elements of the system on the grounds of the ideas of structural functionalism. The basic tasks for realization of the goal: 1) To evaluate the conformity of the cultural model of national AAP social system with the ideological WHO recommendations in the field; 2) To analyze the... [to full text]

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Religion in the social system (Slaný 1610-1635) Annotation This diploma work tries to describe administrative, social and religious situation in royal and later servile town Slaný at the beginning of the 17th century. It focuses on the functioning of the important town administrative units. It tries to represent day-to-day running of these administrative bodies. It describes the social realations between the members of the most important town self-governing unit, the town council. It attends to godfatherly relationships and the impact of catholicization on the change of the social structures made by these relations. It concentrates on the process of the proper catolicization in its last part. It endeavours to catch the influence of the Slaný citizens on this process.

This diploma thesis deals with the problematics of redistribution of public finance. The factors interfering in the process of redistribution are described here. The attention is paid to equality of redistribution of incomes within the group of monitored households. Since the level of redistribution is influenced by different factors, their analyses are carried out here. The levels of incomes redistribution inequality here are measured in monitored Czech hoseholds in the years 2005 until 2007. Calculations comprise analyses of individual types of incomes and items which influence equality of redistribution. A part of conclusion consists of comparison of the results from the mentioned statistics with the data published by OECD. The main aim of the thesis is confirmation or negation of the following hypothesis: "Tax system and social security system markedly influences redistribution of incomes in Czech households.".

The thesis is based on the concept of an organization as a system of relations resulting from organization roles. The aim of the diploma thesis is to select tools and define criteria, by means of which the relations within an organization can be evaluated and their quality assessed. Theoretical part focuses on the explanation of the basic terms with organization and relations connected to it. Pursuant to this, specific tools are chosen, which enable evaluation of the organizational relations. Practical part then analyses the chosen organization as a system of relations resulting from organization roles and concentrates on the possibilities for their quality assessment by means of selected tools.

The presented diploma thesis focuses on the awareness of homeless people about available social services that could help improve their current life situation. The main goal of this work is to find out what social services for the homeless these people know, which of them they have used, what is their experience with them and whether these services can lead to a return to the majority society in their opinion or whether they only help the homeless to survive. This is a case study that took place in the capital city of Prague. Data were collected in the form of semi- structured in-depth interviews directly with homeless people. A total of 29 interviews took place. The diploma thesis first describes the definition of homelessness in the theoretical part, possible causes of homelessness and the social system of the Czech Republic. In the methodological part of the work, I describe the target population, the technique of selecting informants, the method of data collection, the advantages and disadvantages of semi-structured interviews, the method of data processing and analysis, and the ethics of research. This is followed by a presentation of the results, their analysis, answering research questions, discussion of the methods used, reflection on the shortcomings of my own work, and recommendations...