Depuis la fin de l’apartheid, l’Afrique du Sud est entrée dans un vaste processus de reconstruction nationale. Les artistes de théâtre, qui s’étaient pour beaucoup impliqués dans la lutte contre le régime, ont ainsi dû redéfinir leur place au sein du pays. Cette thèse se concentre sur la période de 2004 à 2014 et étudie en particulier l’idéologie et les pratiques de troupes de théâtre professionnelles ayant choisi de mettre leur art au service du développement. Dans une dynamique prescriptive, ces dernières s’attaquent en priorité aux problématiques menaçant de façon immédiate l’équilibre vital de la société sud-africaine, prônant un changement attitudinal et comportemental auprès des publics visés. Constatant les difficultés de l’Afrique du Sud à gérer sa diversité et à effacer les multiples clivages issus de son histoire, les artistes s’emparent également de la question identitaire. Ainsi, les comédiens relaient les diverses perspectives sur le sujet et proposent à leur public de trouver un équilibre entre la reconnaissance des particularismes identitaires et la construction d’une nation fédérée autour de valeurs communes. Enfin, cette pratique artistique a pour vocation de transformer la réalité, constituant ainsi un défi pour tous ceux qui s’y impliquent. En modifiant le statut du spectateur, qui devient participant, les comédiens explorent la dimension performatrice de l’art théâtral. De plus, les artistes eux-mêmes sont confrontés à une exigence de cohérence, qu’il s’agisse de respecter effectivement leur mission en tant que troupe engagée pour le développement, ou d’incarner, au niveau professionnel comme privé, les valeurs qu’ils prônent sur scène. / Since the end of apartheid, South Africa has entered into a vast process of national reconstruction, mobilising diverse constituent parts of its society. Theatre artists, many of whom were involved in the fight against the regime, have had to redefine their role within their country. This thesis focuses on the period of time between 2004 and 2014, and studies in particular the ideology and practices of professional theatre companies that chose to devote their art to the service of development. Following a prescriptive approach, these companies put a priority on tackling issues that represent an immediate threat to the vital balance of South African society, advocating an attitudinal and behavioural change in the target audiences. Observing the difficulties South Africa faces in managing its diversity and overcoming the numerous divisions that are by-products of its history, the artists also take on the question of identity. In this way, the actors present diverse perspectives on the subject and leave it to their audience to find the balance between recognising particular identities and adopting common values to build a truly united nation. Finally, such a theatre aims at transforming reality, therefore challenging the audience and the artists alike. Through modifying the status of the spectator, who becomes a participant, the actors explore the performative dimension of theatrical art. In addition, the artists themselves are confronted with a requirement for coherence, whether this involves respecting their purpose as a company committed to development, or incarnating, in both a professional and private sense, the values which they advocate on stage.

Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / The purpose of this qualitative study was to identify ways in which the University of the Western Cape (UWC) occupational therapy (OT) curriculum could be developed to prepare its graduates to advance occupational justice in community service practice. The background to the study is the development of occupational therapy practice and education within a policy context of health reform that gave momentum to the shift in emphasis from a bio-medical to a more socio-political approach to health in South Africa. Underpinning this study was the assumption that OT education informs professional practice and that uncovering new graduates’ practice experiences can inform the development of the UWC OT curriculum. The aim of the studyn was to examine how UWC OT graduates conceptualised occupational justice and how it manifested in their daily practice of community service in three provinces in South Africa. The study is framed within the theories of occupational justice and critical curriculum theory, in particular, critical pedagogy. A literature review pertaining to the application of occupational justice in OT practice and education is presented. This includes the background values that inform the practice of occupational justice, the application of occupational justice as it relates to OT practice and the relationship between OT education and occupational justice. The research design that was adopted is that of a single, interpretive case study. Through purposive sampling seven occupational therapy graduates from UWC who graduated in 2009, and who practiced in under-resourced, rural community service settings in 2010, were selected to participate in the study. The methods of data collection that were utilised were participant observation, a reflective journal, semi-structured paired or dyadic interviews and document review. The findings revealed that occupational justice held considerable value for the participants. They conceptualised occupational justice as enhanced health and well-being, and broader social change as an outcome of the facilitation of occupational enablement. The nature of their community service practice settings, however, posed several challenges for the participants. From the perspective of the participants, the dominance of the medical model, lack of resources and system of bureaucracy appeared to be the biggest challenges they encountered. While the participants’ education was geared towards equipping them to provide appropriate services as indicated by local needs, the health system was not ready tob accommodate their practice. Consequently, the participants appeared to encounter hegemony in practice. In encountering hegemony, however, they displayed an attitude of defeatism, leaving them with feelings of guilt, despondency and powerlessness. They lacked the skills to respond to power dynamics and to interact with people in positions of power. The main conclusion drawn from the study findings is that for OT graduates to impact the contexts in which they practice in South Africa, OT education must ensure that students develop competence to deal with the complexities of community service practice. This implies that transformational learning as pedagogical practice is of the essence, as it frames student preparation not just as learning but as a process of critical reflexivity that equips them to respond to power dynamics and intervene in matters related to occupational justice as active agents of change. The role and practice of occupational justice are subjects of debate in the context of OT education as they are for the profession broadly. This study contributed to this conversation through its examination of UWC OT graduates’ actual practice and the transmission of occupational justice-promoting practice through UWC OT education. The study highlighted that it is imperative that OT curricula in South Africa provide opportunities for students to engage in critical reflection on ways in which indigenous knowledge and a local understanding of occupational justice, as it relates to collective agency and critical consciousness, can be made more explicit in everyday practices. To this end, recommendations for the development of the UWC OT curriculum are made in respect of curriculum structure, content and approach; interdisciplinary education and practice, support for community service graduates and occupational therapy continued professional development.

Cette thèse évalue la performance financière de l'investissement socialement responsable (ISR). Dans le but de surmonter le manque de consensus sur le thème de recherche, nous proposons d'aborder la question sous l'angle de la généralisation à travers une approche méta-analytique ayant pour objectif de démontrer un lien de cause à effet entre ISR et performance financière (ou boursière). A travers l'étude d'un corpus empirique d'observation incluant 75 études (161 expérimentations) sur la période 1972-2009 sélectionnées sur la base de notre propre typologie définitionnelle de l'ISR, nous articulons notre recherche autour de deux études : exploratoire et approche méta-analytique.L'étude exploratoire fournit ainsi, via l'utilisation de tests non paramétriques (Chi-deux) et de l'analyse de données (analyse factorielle des correspondances simple et multiple, classification ascendante hiérarchique), des typologies d'effet ISR sur la performance financière regroupant natures d'impact ISR sur la performance (positif, négatif ou neutre) et modalités de variables méthodologiques (marché ISR, méthode de comparaison de données, mesure de la performance financière…). L'approche méta-analytique (la première dans le champ de recherche) explore la relation entre ISR et performance financière sur un corpus réduit (61 études / 123 expérimentations). Les résultats observés tendent à prouver que l'éthique n'a pas de coût financier et génère des rentabilités similaires (voire légèrement supérieure) à celle de l'investissement conventionnel. Nous observons également que les choix empiriques effectués par les auteurs influencent considérablement la nature de la performance financière de l'ISR. / This thesis evaluates the financial performance of socially responsible investment (SRI). In the purpose of overcoming the lack of consensus on the research theme, we propose to approach the question under the angle of generalization across a meta-analytical approach, aiming to demonstrate a link between SRI and financial performances (or stock exchange performance) and identify the methodological determinants of this causal relationship. Across the study of an empirical corpus observation, including 75 studies (161 experimentations) across the 1972-2009 period, all selected on the basis of our own typological definition of SRI, we articulate our research around two studies : exploratory and meta-analytical approach.By the use of non-parametric tests (chi square), and of data analysis (simple and multiple correspondence analysis, ascending hierarchical clustering), the exploratory study provides typologies of SRI effects on the financial performance, gathering the nature of SRI impacts on performance (positive, negative or neutral) ant the terms of methodological variables (SRI market, data comparison method, financial performance measure...). The meta-analytical approach (first one in the field of research) explores the relation between SRI and financial performance on a reduced corpus (61 studies / 123 experimentations). The results we observed tend to prove that ethics has no financial cost and generates similar profitability (even slightly more) than a conventional investment. We also observe that the empirical choices made by the authors have a considerable influence on the nature of the ISR financial performance.

Svanenmärkta fonder är något som tillkommit i den finansiella världen på senare tid. Världens första svanenmärkta fonder lanserades 2017. Att bli benämnd som svanenmärkt innebär att fonden uppfyller ett visst antal kriterier bestämda av Svanen. Detta innebär att fonden kan rapportera ett arbete som kan anses som ett ytterligare steg mot hållbarhet och inte endast agera enligt lagar och regler. Syftet med studien är att beskriva hur innehaven i en svanenmärkt fond efterlever svanenkriterierna, genom att identifiera hur riskområden rapporteras och hur dessa hanteras i innehavens hållbarhetsredovisning, samt att analysera hur dessa mönster kopplas till svanens hållbarhetskriterier. Frågeställningen lyder ”Hur rapporterar innehaven sin efterlevnad till svanenkriterierna?” och den besvaras genom en kvalitativ metod med en induktiv forskningsansats. För att besvara frågeställningen har data samlats in med hjälp av en analysmetod där primärdata har inhämtats från års- och hållbarhetsrapporter från respektive företag. Resultaten visade att samtliga företag rapporterar liknande gällande hållbarhet. Företagen rapporterade att de implementerat riktlinjer, program och policys för att efterleva svanenkriterierna. Transparensen går att ifrågasätta i företagens sätt att rapportera hållbarhet då de brister i sin information samt använder vaga beskrivningar av problem. Några slutsatser som kan dras av detta arbete är att informationsasymmetri är en anledning till att transparensen brister hos vissa innehav i fonden, genom att ha oförståelig information. Vidare fallerar även legitimiteten i företagens rapportering vilket leder till mindre trovärdighet i rapporterna och efterlevnaden till svanenkriterierna. / The Nordic Swan Ecolabel regarding funds is something that has emerged in the financial system in recent times. The world’s first Nordic Swan Eco labeled fund launched in 2017. To be certified by Svanen the fund has to fulfill a couple of criteria that has been stated by Svanen. This certification gives the fund the opportunity to market their work as an additional step towards sustainability and not just act according to the laws and regulations. The purpose of this study is to describe the holdings in a fund that follows the Svanen criterias, by identify how the reporting of areas of risk and how they are being handled in the sustainability report and also to analyze its patterns to the Svanen criterias. The purpose will lead to the research question that is “How does the holdings report its compliance to the Svanen Criterias?”, Further on also answer the research question through a qualitative method with an inductive research approach. In order to answer the research question data have been gathered with an analyze method and a literature review where the primary data comes from annual and sustainability reports from each individual company. The result of this study showed that every company reports in a similar way regarding sustainability. Each company reports that they have implemented guidelines, programs and policies in order to comply with the Svanen Criterias. The transparency within the holdings can be questioned because of the lack of information and vague description of problematic happenings. Conclusions of this study is that information asymmetry is one of the reasons that makes one question the holdings transparency. Due to this asymmetry the holdings legitimacy is affected which leads to less credibility in their reports and so on their compliance toward the Svanen Criterias.

Cette thèse est basée sur une analyse de l’importance des mots et concepts associés, et de leur efficacité dans la définition des politiques de développement mises en œuvre en Côte d’Ivoire, un pays qui a été longtemps considéré comme une vitrine de l’application de ces politiques.Le cadre conceptuel se fonde sur les analyses de Pierre Bourdieu (1982, 1991) qui insistent sur le pouvoir du discours et du vocabulaire qui lui est associé. En effet, pour lui, il existe un marché linguistique sur lequel s’échange, selon des rapports de force, une surenchère de mots et de concepts. En conformité avec cette vision, nous pensons qu’il existe aussi un tel marché qui est propre au développement. Ce marché se caractérise par des rapports de force entre acteurs sociaux pour le contrôle d’un « pouvoir symbolique » qui s’affirme dans les échanges linguistiques. Certains de ces acteurs appelés « experts » créent ainsi les mots du développement, alors que d’autres, notamment les gouvernements des pays en développement (PED) et leurs populations, les reçoivent, les intègrent ou, au contraire, les réinterprètent en leur donnant parfois un sens différent. Et comme sur tout marché, un prix d’équilibre permet de réguler les échanges. On peut considérer que ce prix correspond au montant des crédits et financements accordés par les bailleurs de fonds.Dans ce cadre, on peut s’interroger sur le pouvoir des mots, et concepts associés, dans la définition, et la mise en œuvre, des politiques économiques de développement, et sur leur efficacité en termes de réduction de la pauvreté. C’est ce questionnement qui fonde la thèse.Pour y répondre nous avons examiné le discours des différentes parties prenantes au développement de la Côte d’Ivoire, en confrontant les résultats d’entretiens qualitatifs auprès d’acteurs de la vie sociale ivoirienne aux textes officiels du gouvernement et des Institutions de Bretton Woods (IBW).La première partie de la thèse examine l’histoire des faits économiques du développement pour la Côte d’Ivoire, en montrant comment un discours s’appuyant sur des théories économiques qui fonde les pratiques du développement permet l’émergence d’un pouvoir symbolique. Ainsi, en est-il du « miracle économique ivoirien » dont la faillite a conduit aux politiques d’ajustement structurel, puis aux objectifs de réduction de la pauvreté. A chaque étape, l’apparition de vocables particuliers, concepts et expressions spécifiques, ont corroboré les jeux d’acteurs et théories sous-jacentes pas toujours clairement énoncées.La deuxième partie montre comment à l’issue des politiques d’ajustement, et de la crise qui s’en est suivie, la Côte d'Ivoire a tenté d'adapter ses politiques économiques aux nouveaux concepts et mots du développement, tels que « résilience », « équité » ou « émergence », en se référant à l’approche du développement humain durable. C’est peut-être l’occasion pour elle de reconquérir à travers de nouveaux échanges linguistiques sur le marché du développement, ce pouvoir d’ordre symbolique qu’elle possédait auparavant. / This thesis focuses on the analysis of official and usual discourses in order to evaluate the efficiency of wording and concepts in the definition of the economic development policies implemented in Côte d'Ivoire, a country which was considered as a showcase of the implementation of these policies.The conceptual framework refers to the work of Pierre Bourdieu (1982, 1991), who emphasizes the power of discourse and associated vocabulary. Indeed, according to Bourdieu, there is a linguistic market on which is exchanged, an overbidding of words and concepts. In keeping with this vision, we believe that there is also such a market that is specific to development. This market is characterized by a balance of power between social actors for the control of a "symbolic power" which asserts itself in linguistic exchanges. Some of these actors named as "experts" thus create the words of development, while others, notably developing country governments (DCs) and their populations, receive, integrate or reinterpret them, sometimes giving another meaning. And as in any market, an equilibrium price allows regulating the exchanges. The amount of credits and financing granted by donors may be considered as such a price.In this context, the power of words and related concepts in the definition and implementation of economic development policies and their effectiveness in terms of poverty reduction can be questioned. It is answering to this question which constitutes the objective of the thesis.In order to answer this question we examined the discourse of the various stakeholders involved in the development of Côte d'Ivoire, by comparing the results of qualitative interviews from actors of the Ivorian social life to the official texts of the government and the Bretton Woods institutions IBW).The first part of the thesis examines the history of Côte d'Ivoire's economic development policies, showing how a discourse based on economic theories that underpins the practices of development allows the emergence of a symbolic power. Thus, is the so-called "Ivorian economic miracle", the failure of which led to structural adjustment policies and then to the objectives of poverty reduction. At each stage, the appearance of specific terms, concepts and expressions, have corroborated the sets of actors and underlying theories that are not always explicitly stated.The second part shows how, following the adjustment policies and the ensuing crisis, Côte d'Ivoire has tried to adapt its economic development policies to the new concepts and words such as " resilience "," equity "or" emergence ", with reference to the sustainable human development approach. It is perhaps an opportunity for her to regain, through new linguistic exchanges within the development market, the symbolic power she possessed before.

The master's thesis was worked out as the arhitectural study high security prison in Brno based on the submission. High security prison for 350 prisoners responds to the needs and trends of the modern jail. The new facility is based on the principle of space saving typological solutions with minimal attendance distance. The concept is divided into two main accommodation horseshoe-shaped objects that are associated with building, that are connected operating and administrative functions. Single floor for accommodation with two housing units, which include walking terraces. Terraces are sheathed with net freely crossing the connecting object and comprehensive area of all objects. It fulfills the function of the second security. In the middle of the complex there is a sports area. Production hall with facilities closed the back of a solid fence of area. By creating a compact self-functioning complex is achieved simplicity and closeness of the prison with economic use of the land.

The diploma theses is focused on free time of children in Rotava. The aim of this theses is to find out the forms of spending free time of children aged 6 - 12 years in Rotava. Another goal is to create a proposal for a community center. The theoretical part deals with the theme of childhood in today's type of society and also with the topic of free time. This section is focused on free time of children and its historical transformation. Then attention is aimed at the current status of free time of children and the factors affecting this area. Another chapter is devoted to community and community centers. The diploma theses also contains the research part. Interviews, non - participant observation in a public area of the town and secondary data analysis were used as research methods. The results of research show that the offer of free time activities for children aged 6 - 12 years in Rotava is insufficient and inappropriately conceived. Many children spend their free time in a public area of the town or at home with electronic media.

Diploma thesis deals with the participation and representation of Roma in the Czech Republic mainly in social inclusion. Generally in the Czech Republic the principles of the participation are underused during the development and implementation of public policies. A certain change occurs at the local level. In some towns there are gradually promoted models of the participation and representation of the population of excluded localities. This thesis deals by the methods of case study, summative evaluation and observation with implementation of certain local good practice: the system of the caretaking in the town Kadaň - Prunéřov, which primarily addresses the issue of housing in the socially excluded locality, but with the full participation of its people, including the creation of a natural representation, leading to the improvement of social skills of people, their self-confidence and willingness to engage in solving their unsatisfactory situation. The thesis also summarizes the development in the formation of Roma representation at the highest level since the 90s of the last century and its adverse impact on the development of real participation of Roma in social inclusion at all levels of administration. Therefore there is a contrast between the situation in the participation and representation...

The purpose of this thesis is to investigate consumers’ willingness to act socially responsible in their online fashion purchasing behaviour. Three frameworks; Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB), Socially Responsible Consumer Behaviour (SRCB) and Consumer Social Responsibility (CNSR), constitute a foundation and have been combined in a conceptual framework. The research approach used is a qualitative research approach, and the empirical data was gathered in two semi-structured focus-groups with five and six participants. The participants were recruited by a convivence sampling method, with purposive sampling characteristics. The findings indicate that factors that influenced consumers’ willingness to act socially responsible was price, convenience, and time. Moreover, the findings show that SRCB is seen as a process, and that consumers’ stage in the process influence their willingness to act socially responsible. Lastly, it is shown that the TPB and SRCB must be considered before consumers can act socially responsible. This since consumers who have positive attitudes towards responsible actions, are susceptible to information of social and environmental issues related to their behaviour. These consumers can create enough awareness to take social- and environmental responsibility for their actions. Responsible consumers also aim to influence other consumers to take a greater responsibility. The findings of this study have contributed to further understanding within the research area of responsible consumers. Since the conceptual framework consider consumer behaviour in combination with their areas of awareness and responsibilities, this study contributes to deeper understanding of why consumers act socially responsible or not.

Fear of missing out (FoMO) represents a fear of losing out on rewarding experiences that others might have. The Covid-19 pandemic has required great restrictions on social interactions, with many reporting experiences of loneliness. The recommendations for the general public have been followed to different extents, depending on the individual. It is possible that FoMO could decrease compliance with social distancing recommendations and that socially desirable responding (SDR) also is involved. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between university students' FoMO and self-reported compliance with Swedish recommendations on social gatherings during the past year of the Covid-19 pandemic. A second aim was to explore the influence of SDR on this relationship. The study population consisted of 162 university students that responded to an on-line survey containing the validated FoMO scale, the two-factor SDR scale BIDR-16 and questions exploring compliance with restrictive recommendations on social gatherings (CRG). Utilizing a cross-sectional quantitative study design, Pearson correlations and hierarchical regression analyses were performed to investigate these associations. The study results showed that there were no significant difference in CRG between high and low FoMO groups. Analyzed together with the two SDR variables, FoMO was related to worse attitudinal compliance (0.4%) and worse behavioral compliancy (2.9%). A higher level of efforts to be positively perceived by others was associated with higher attitudinal and behavioral compliance. A higher level of unintentionally embellishing one’s own self-assessment decreased behavioral compliance by relating to a higher number of reported events going against the guidelines. / Fear of missing out (FoMO) representerar en rädsla för att missa givande erfarenheter som andra har. Covid-19-pandemin har inneburit stora restriktioner av sociala interaktioner och många rapporterar en upplevelse av ensamhet. Rekommendationerna som utfärdats för allmänheten har följts i olika utsträckning, beroende på individen. Det är möjligt att FoMO skulle kunna minska följsamhet av rekommendationer om att hålla socialt avstånd samt att socialt önskvärda responser (SDR) också är involverade. Studiens syfte var att undersöka relationen mellan universitetsstudenters FoMO och självrapporterad följsamhet av de svenska rekommendationerna kring sociala sammankomster under det senaste året av Covid-19-pandemin. Ett andra syfte var att utforska hur SDR influerade detta förhållande. Studiens population bestod av 162 universitetsstudenter som besvarade en enkät on-line; innehållande det validerade FoMO-formuläret, det tvåfaktorskaliga BIDR-16-formuläret som mäter SDR samt frågor kring följsamhet av restriktiva rekommendationer om sociala sammankomster (CRG). I en tvärsnittlig kvantitativ design studerades associationer med Pearson-korrelationer och hierarkiska regressionsmodeller. Studiens resultat visade att det inte var någon signifikant skillnad i CRG mellan hög och låg nivå av FoMO. Vid analys tillsammans med de två SDR-variablerna, relaterade högre FoMO till lägre följsamhet i attityd (0,4%) och lägre följsamhet i beteende (2.9%). En hög nivå av strävan efter att bli positivt utvärderad var förknippad med en högre nivå av attityd- och beteendemässig följsamhet. En högre nivå av omedvetet förskönande av egen självbild minskade följsamhet genom att relatera till ett högre antal angivna tillställningar som bröt mot rekommendationerna.