O presente trabalho tem por objetivo analisar o processo de inserção de pessoas de baixa renda moradoras em comunidades do Rio de Janeiro no mercado de trabalho formal, alunos e egressos dos cursos da Educação Profissional oferecidos no âmbito do Programa SESI Cidadania (PSC), implantado pela Federação das Indústrias do Rio de Janeiro (FIRJAN), em 12 de agosto de 2010, por meio do acordo de cooperação com o Governo do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. O objetivo do programa é levar projetos sociais para as comunidades com Unidade de Polícia Pacificadora (UPP); dentre eles, projetos educacionais com oferta gratuita de cursos na modalidade Qualificação Profissional, respaldada no Decreto n 6.635, de 5 de novembro de 2008. Por conseguinte, este estudo visa a propor iniciativas no sentido de facilitar o ingresso e a permanência dessas pessoas no mercado de trabalho formal e a geração de trabalho e renda. A experiência da autora com processos de inserção de alunos e egressos de cursos da Educação Profissional oferecidos pelo Programa SESI Cidadania sinaliza que as dificuldades enfrentadas por moradores das comunidades do Rio de Janeiro estão relacionadas às condições históricas, sociais, econômicas e culturais. Diante dessa problemática, adotamos a seguinte hipótese: as competências comportamentais, dos moradores das comunidades do Rio de Janeiro interferem na sua inserção no mercado de trabalho formal. Nesse aspecto, o foco de investigação foi verificar as competências observadas pelos profissionais de recursos humanos que interferem na inserção e permanência desses egressos nas empresas. Adotamos o conceito de competências entendido por Joel Souza Dutra (2001) bem como por alguns teóricos da Administração, que o definem como um conjunto de conhecimentos, habilidades e atitudes necessárias para que a pessoa desenvolva suas atribuições e responsabilidades. O recorte empírico se constituiu de dez empresas de pequeno, médio e grande porte sediadas na Região Metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro. A abordagem metodológica incluiu pesquisa de campo com base em dados de entrevistas semiestruturadas, sendo incorporada a técnica de análise de relato verbal. Formulamos um questionário para realização de entrevistas semidirigidas com profissionais de Recursos Humanos e dirigentes de empresas as quais nos permitiram identificar os fatores que interferem na inserção dessas pessoas no mercado de trabalho formal. As conclusões apontam dificuldades de inserção e permanência de moradores das comunidades do Rio de Janeiro no mercado de trabalho formal por aspectos relacionados à formação educacional básica, e sobretudo a competências comportamentais desenvolvidas no contexto sociocultural no qual estão inseridos, as quais se encontram desassociadas das competências comportamentais demandadas pelo mercado de trabalho formal. A relevância da pesquisa consiste na possibilidade de subsidiar a formulação de políticas públicas da Educação e do trabalho destinadas à formação profissional de pessoas de baixa renda moradoras das comunidades do Rio de Janeiro para geração de trabalho e renda. / The follow work have as objective to analyze the process of insertion of low income residents of Rio de Janeiro communities in the formal labor market, students and egresses from the Professional Education course offered in the SESI Citizenship Program (PSC) ambit, established by the Rio de Janeiro Industry Federation (FIRJAN), in august 12, 2010, through the cooperation agreement with the Rio de Janeiro State Government. The objective of the program is to take social projects to the communities with Pacifying Police Unity (UPP); among they, educational projects with free offer of Professional Qualification courses, polished in Decree no. 6.635, November 5, 2008. Therefore, this study seeks to propose enterprises in the way to make easy the entry and the remaining of those people in the formal labor market and the generation of labor and income. The experience of the author with insertion process of students and egresses from the Professional Education courses offered by the SESI Citizenship Program signs that the difficulties faced by the Rio de Janeiro communities' residents are related with the historical conditions, social, economical and cultural. In face of this set of problems, we adopted the follow hypothesis: the behavior competences of the residents of Rio de Janeiro communities clashes with your insertion in the formal labor market. In this prospect, the focus of the investigation was to analyze the competences observed by the human resources professionals that interfere in the entry and remaining of those egresses in the companies. We adopted the concept of competencies knew as Joel Souza Dutra (2001), well as by some Administration theorists, that define it as a ensemble of knowledge, abilities and attitude necessaries for the development of the attributions and responsibilities of the person. The empiric cut was composed by ten small, medium and large companies based in the Metropolitan Zone of Rio de Janeiro. The methodological approach includes field research based in semi-structured interview data, being incorporated the verbal relate analysis technic. We formulated a questionnaire for the semi-directed interview execution with human resources professionals and principals of companies that we were allowed to identify the factors that interfere in the entry of those people in the formal labor market. The conclusions point difficulties of insertion and remaining of residents of Rio de Janeiro communities in the formal labor market by aspects related with the basic educational formation, especially the behavior competences developed in the sociocultural context that they are inserted, which are found disconnected with the behavior competences demanded by the formal labor market. The relevance of the research consist in the possibility of subsidize the formulation of public policies of the Education and of the Labor, intended to the professional formation of the low income residents of the Rio de Janeiro communities for the generation of labor and inco

Andelen barn och ungdomar som befinner sig ett socialt utanförskap halkar efter alltmer i samhället. Att befinna sig ett socialt utanförskap kan medföra en rad negativa konsekvenser för såväl den enskilde individen som för samhället. Det finns ett stort behov av att belysa framgångsrika exempel på sociala innovationer, inriktade på unga i socialt utsatta områden, som kan förbättra deras välfärd och framtidsutsikter. Syftet med examensarbetet var att beskriva verksamheten ”Nattfotboll” utifrån programteori och undersöka dess förutsättningar för att skalas upp utifrån teorier om spridning av interventioner. Studien genomfördes med en kvalitativ studiedesign bestående av en fokusgruppsintervju med initiativtagare och projektledare, semistrukturerade intervjuer med 10 ledare och 21 ungdomar samt tre strukturerade observationer i samband med idrottsaktiviteter i Sandviken och i Örebro. Resultatet visade att konceptet Nattfotboll kännetecknades av flera viktiga kärnkomponenter och nyckelidéer. De komponenter som tillskrevs mycket stor betydelse för utfallet var de unga, utvalda ledare som drev idrottsverksamheten, men även den lokala projektledaren. Verksamheten visade sig främja ett relationsbygge mellan ungdomarna och ledarna som var betydelsefullt: ungdomarna fick tillgång till unga förebilder, medan de unga ledarna kunde växa som individer. Verksamheten erbjuder en träffpunkt som bidrar till att ungdomar breddar sitt kontaktnät, blir mer fysiskt aktiva och erbjuds en väg in i föreningslivet, då många av ledarna själva är idrottsaktiva. Studien visar att Nattfotbollskonceptet innehåller de fem kategorier som är nödvändiga för en framgångsrik uppskalning; Kärnkomponenter & Nyckelidéer, Upplägg, Kommunikation, Resultatmätning & Feedback samt Ledarskap. Ytterligare forskning skulle kunna bidra till att fördjupa förståelsen för vad interventionen har för betydelse för ledarna som individer. / A great number of children and adolescents who are in a social exclusion is lagging behind in society. A social exclusion can lead to a number of negative consequences for both the individual and the community. There is a great need to highlight successful examples of social innovations aimed at young people in socially vulnerable areas that can improve their well-being and prospects. The aim of the thesis was to describe the innovation Night Football on the basis of program theory and also examine its conditions for scaling up on the basis of diffusion theory and a framework for spread. The study was conducted with a qualitative study design consisting of a focus group interview with initiators and project managers, semi-structured interviews with 10 leaders and 21 young participants, as well as three structured observations in connection with sports activities in Sandviken and Örebro. The result showed that the Night Football concept was characterized by several key core components and key ideas. The components attributed to the outcome were the young, chosen leaders who run the sport activities, but also the local project manager. The innovation turned out to promote important relationships between the young people and the leaders: young people gained access to young role models, while young leaders could grow as individuals. The innovation offers a meeting point that helps young people broaden their network of contacts, becomes more physically active and they are also offered a way into sports associations, as many of the leaders themselves are connected to sport clubs. The study shows that the Night Football concept contains the five categories necessary for a successful upscale; Core components & Key ideas, Structure, Communication, Performance Measurement & Feedback, and Leadership. Further research could help to deepen the understanding of the innovations impact on the leaders as individuals.

Cette thèse de doctorat s'inscrit dans le courant de recherche qui étudie les implications financières associées à une meilleure responsabilité sociale des entreprises (RSE). Après un chapitre préliminaire qui nous permet de présenter la littérature antérieure et de situer notre recherche, nous effectuons trois études empiriques. Dans la première étude, nous étudions l'impact de la RSE sur le risque financier des entreprises (mesuré par le risque total, systématique et spécifique). En utilisant un échantillon de 5716 observations entre 2001 et 2011, nous montrons que les entreprises socialement responsables réduisent significativement leur risque systématique. Les résultats de cette étude suggèrent aussi que ces entreprises disposent d'un capital moral qui absorbe l'impact de potentiels chocs spécifiques. Quant à l'analyse des dimensions de la RSE, nous démontrons que les “ressources humaines” réduisent le plus le risque financier des firmes, suivies par le “ comportement sur le marché” et le “gouvernement d'entreprise”. Dans la deuxième étude empirique, nous nous intéressons à l'impact de la RSE sur la maturité de la dette des entreprises. En utilisant un large échantillon d'entreprises américaines, nous montrons que les entreprises socialement responsables réduisent significativement la maturité de leur dette. Nous montrons aussi que ces entreprises substituent les capitaux propres à la dette long-terme. Un niveau élevé de RSE réduit la proportion des investissements financés par de la dette long-terme et augmente la proportion des investissements financés par des capitaux propres et de la dette court-terme. Dans la troisième étude empirique, nous utilisons un échantillon de 22389 observations entre 1991 et 2012 et nous nous intéressons à la relation entre la RSE et la politique de dividendes. Nous soulignons que les entreprises socialement responsables paient plus de dividendes que les entreprises non socialement responsables. Nous démontrons aussi que les entreprises socialement responsables ont une politique de dividendes plus stable. Globalement, nos résultats empiriques valident nos hypothèses. Ils suggèrent que les entreprises socialement responsables utilisent la maturité de leur dette et leur politique de dividendes comme des mécanismes qui permettent de contrôler les phénomènes de surinvestissement en RSE. Ces mécanismes permettent de renforcer les effets positifs liés à une meilleure RSE (i.e., la réduction du risque). / Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is, nowadays, considered one of the most debated topics in both theory and practice. This dissertation investigates some financial implications associated with high CSR involvement. After Synthesizing the existing literature in the field, we perform three empirical studies. The first empirical study examines the impact of CSR on firm financial risk (measured by total, systematic and specific risks). Using a database of 5,716 firm-year observations between 2001 and 2011, we show that a socially responsible firm avoids certain risks acknowledged by the financial market as socially responsible systematic risks, like environment penalties and consumer disloyalty. Socially responsible firms also own a moral capital that reduces the impact of some firm specific shocks and thus the idiosyncratic risk level. It appears that the most important reduction of financial risk is due to the “human resources” sub-rating, followed by “business behavior” and “corporate governance”. The second empirical study investigates the impact of CSR on firm debt maturity. Using a large sample of US firms, we find robust evidence that high CSR firms significantly reduce their debt maturity. Furthermore, high CSR firms substitute shareholders' equity for long-term debt. CSR decreases the extent to which investments are financed with long-term debt and increases the extent to which investments are financed by short-term debt and shareholders' equity. The third empirical study uses a sample of 22,839 US firm-year observations over the 1991–2012 period in order to explore the relationship between CSR and dividend payout policy. We find that high CSR firms pay more dividends than low CSR firms. Moreover, socially irresponsible firms adjust dividends quicker than socially responsible firms: dividend payout is more stable in high CSR firms than in low CSR firms. Additional results show that firms involved in two controversial activities –military business and alcohol – are associated with low dividend payouts, which is likely to be due to the high cost of external funding for these firms. Overall, our results support the expectation that socially responsible firms use debt maturity and dividend payout as mechanisms to avoid CSR overinvestment problems and to maintain the positive effects associated with high CSR strategies (i.e., risk reduction).

Avec les évolutions technologiques, les contextes d'usage en termes d'utilisateur, de plateforme et d'environnement se diversifient et changent dynamiquement au fil de l'interaction. Cette variabilité complexifie l'ingénierie de l'interaction homme-machine notamment par le paradoxe qu'elle pose entre, d'une part, profiter de cette variabilité nouvelle et d'autre part, assurer une certaine stabilité à l'utilisateur. Il apparaît alors nécessaire de donner de la hauteur à la définition classique du contexte en la restructurant autour de trois dimensions fondamentales < Hommes, Espaces, Temps >, offrant ainsi des bases propices à un raisonnement sur la variabilité, portée par le Temps, et la stabilité trouvant ses repères dans l'Espace interactif.En réponse au paradoxe, nous proposons une nouvelle génération d'IHM, les IHM perlées, fondées sur le concept de Perle. Informellement, la Perle est un point de vue sur le contexte d'usage, rendant ainsi observable sa variabilité, c.à.d. son évolution dans le temps et l'espace, tout en garantissant de la stabilité à l'utilisateur. Formellement, la Perle est une hyper-arête de l'hypergraphe qui formalise la modélisation du contexte d'usage métier, proposée en termes d'entités clés <Acteur, Service, Donnée> disponibles pour la réalisation de la tâche de l'humain et de relations d'ordre social issues du monde réel. La conception d'une IHM Perlée s'appuie sur le processus de visualisation adapté à la Perle, permettant la représentation du contexte métier dans l'IHM métier.Le concept est général à l'ingénierie de l'interaction homme-machine. Il a été conçu et évalué, dans la thèse, dans le domaine médical de la gastroentérologie. / With evolution of technologies, the contexts of use change dynamically throughout the interaction, in terms of user, platform and environment. This variability raises new challenges for Human Computer Interaction, with the emergence of a paradox between, on the one hand, to take advantage of this new variability and secondly, to provide stability to the user. We are taking the classic definition of context a step further by restructuring three fundamental dimensions <Human, Spaces, Time>. Thus, this new definition provides solid foundations for reasoning about variability, driven by the Time, and the stability finding his marks in the interactive Space. To address this issue, we propose a new generation of user interfaces, Pearly UI, based on the concept of Pearl. Informally, a Pearl is an overview of the context of use, and is able to show variability, i.e. its evolution over time and space, and to provide stability to the user. Formally, a Pearl is a hyper-edge of a hypergraph whose vertices are the three key entities of our model of context of use, <Actor, Service, Data> available to complete the task of the human. Pearly UI are based on the visualization process adapted to the Pearl, allowing the representation of the context in the user interface. The concept of Pearl was designed to be general in engineering of Human-Computer Interaction, and evaluated in the context of health care.

Thesis (MTech (Design))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2011 / This study explores the possibilities of using design interventions in mitigating crime. The study employs the Design Against Crime (DAC) philosophy in dealing with crime, which provides a holistic perspective regarding crimeand related issues.High crime levels in South Africa necessitate alternative approaches to dealing with crime, as it is becoming evident that the old strategies that have been utilised are not providing the desired effects.The focus is on the emergence of crime amongst youth at risk, living in communities-in-tension and more specifically,the Bridgetown community near Cape Town. Communities which constitute the lower socio-economic income level, usually suffer the most with regards to crime. The effects of crime negatively influence the development of the community, allowing the cycle of poverty and crime to continue. If the cycle of crime can be broken in these communities, development may take place which will strengthen them in a number of ways, including their standing in society. In order to gain a better understanding of the crime situation in South Africa, the study investigates the country‘s crime history and its widespread effects on society today. The research also looks at other factors such as personal and environmental settings that inform an individual‘s decision to commit crime. Delinquency and its results are also explored. The theoretical lens used in the study is that of Socially Responsible Design (SRD), with DAC as a subsection.SRDlooks at providing solutions to societal problems from a holistic point of view. The study uses a qualitative approach which focuses on people in real life situations,allowing the researcher to gain insight into what motivates people in their specific circumstances. The participants involved in the study are members of the Bridgetown community, youth from that community and theReconstructed Living Labs (RLabs) team, who were previously involved in crime. The researcher sought the views of experts in the field with regards to crime alleviation in communities such as Bridgetown. This research study concludes that opportunities exist forholistic and multi-faceted deployment of DAC strategies in that community to ameliorate crime, when these strategies targetyouth at risk.

Cette recherche examine le lien entre la Responsabilité Sociale d’Enterprise (RSE) des Institutions de Microfinance (IMFs) et les investisseurs étrangers (F.Is) dans le contexte où la micro finance commercialisée a un double objectif (DBL). Le cadre théorique et conceptuel de cette étude comprend la théorie de l'agence, la théorie des parties prenantes, la théorie de la dépendance aux ressources et le concept d'Investissement Socialement Responsable (ISR). L'étude empirique est basée sur un processus en deux étapes, une première étude qualitative exploratoire réalisée à travers des entretiens semi-directif avec 9 gestionnaires de fonds (ISR) afin de bien comprendre le sujet et d'enrichir les théories et les concepts. La deuxième étape consiste en une analyse quantitative à l'aide des modèles des moindres carrés ordinaires (OLS) et de la régression logistique en utilisant les données de 615 IMF pour l'année 2012 pour vérifier le lien entre les F.Is et la RSE et si la performance financière joue un rôle de médiateur ou de modérateur. Pour la première fois en microfinance, une définition globale / multi dimensionnelle de la RSE est utilisée et des indicateurs calculés sur la base de cela. Les résultats montrent que la RSE est un facteur clé dans les décisions d'investissement de F.Is et il montre un effet de médiation de la performance financière sur la relation entre la RSE et F.Is. Afin d'assurer l'accès aux services financiers au bas de la pyramide, les IMFs ont besoin d'avoir accès aux investisseurs étrangers. Comme la RSE est prise en compte par les investisseurs dans leur décision d'investissement, les IMF doivent donc se concentrer sur la gestion et la présentation des activités pertinentes de RSE afin d'attirer et de satisfaire ces investisseurs. / This research examines the link between Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) of Microfinance Institutions (MFIs) and foreign investors (F.Is) in the context that commercialized Microfinance has double-bottom-line. The theoretical and conceptual framework for this study includes the agency theory, stakeholder’s theory, resource dependence theory and the concept of Socially Responsible Investment (SRI). The empirical study is based on a two-step process, an initial exploratory qualitative study carried out through semi-structured interviews with 9 fund managers (SRI) in order to understand well the topic and enrich the theories and concepts. The second step is a quantitative analysis through ordinary least squares (OLS) and logistic regression models using data of 615 MFIs for the year 2012 to verify the link between F.I and CSR and if financial performance plays a mediator or moderator role. For the first time in microfinance, a comprehensive/multi-dimensional definition of CSR is used and indicators calculated based on that. The results show that CSR is a key factor in investment decisions of F.Is and it shows a mediation effect of financial performance on the relationship between CSR and F.Is. In order to provide access to financial services at the bottom of the pyramid, MFIs need access to foreign investors. As CSR is taken into account by investors in their investment decision, therefore, MFIs need to focus on managing and reporting relevant CSR activities in order to attract and satisfy these investors.

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo analisar o processo de inserção de pessoas de baixa renda moradoras em comunidades do Rio de Janeiro no mercado de trabalho formal, alunos e egressos dos cursos da Educação Profissional oferecidos no âmbito do Programa SESI Cidadania (PSC), implantado pela Federação das Indústrias do Rio de Janeiro (FIRJAN), em 12 de agosto de 2010, por meio do acordo de cooperação com o Governo do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. O objetivo do programa é levar projetos sociais para as comunidades com Unidade de Polícia Pacificadora (UPP); dentre eles, projetos educacionais com oferta gratuita de cursos na modalidade Qualificação Profissional, respaldada no Decreto n 6.635, de 5 de novembro de 2008. Por conseguinte, este estudo visa a propor iniciativas no sentido de facilitar o ingresso e a permanência dessas pessoas no mercado de trabalho formal e a geração de trabalho e renda. A experiência da autora com processos de inserção de alunos e egressos de cursos da Educação Profissional oferecidos pelo Programa SESI Cidadania sinaliza que as dificuldades enfrentadas por moradores das comunidades do Rio de Janeiro estão relacionadas às condições históricas, sociais, econômicas e culturais. Diante dessa problemática, adotamos a seguinte hipótese: as competências comportamentais, dos moradores das comunidades do Rio de Janeiro interferem na sua inserção no mercado de trabalho formal. Nesse aspecto, o foco de investigação foi verificar as competências observadas pelos profissionais de recursos humanos que interferem na inserção e permanência desses egressos nas empresas. Adotamos o conceito de competências entendido por Joel Souza Dutra (2001) bem como por alguns teóricos da Administração, que o definem como um conjunto de conhecimentos, habilidades e atitudes necessárias para que a pessoa desenvolva suas atribuições e responsabilidades. O recorte empírico se constituiu de dez empresas de pequeno, médio e grande porte sediadas na Região Metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro. A abordagem metodológica incluiu pesquisa de campo com base em dados de entrevistas semiestruturadas, sendo incorporada a técnica de análise de relato verbal. Formulamos um questionário para realização de entrevistas semidirigidas com profissionais de Recursos Humanos e dirigentes de empresas as quais nos permitiram identificar os fatores que interferem na inserção dessas pessoas no mercado de trabalho formal. As conclusões apontam dificuldades de inserção e permanência de moradores das comunidades do Rio de Janeiro no mercado de trabalho formal por aspectos relacionados à formação educacional básica, e sobretudo a competências comportamentais desenvolvidas no contexto sociocultural no qual estão inseridos, as quais se encontram desassociadas das competências comportamentais demandadas pelo mercado de trabalho formal. A relevância da pesquisa consiste na possibilidade de subsidiar a formulação de políticas públicas da Educação e do trabalho destinadas à formação profissional de pessoas de baixa renda moradoras das comunidades do Rio de Janeiro para geração de trabalho e renda. / The follow work have as objective to analyze the process of insertion of low income residents of Rio de Janeiro communities in the formal labor market, students and egresses from the Professional Education course offered in the SESI Citizenship Program (PSC) ambit, established by the Rio de Janeiro Industry Federation (FIRJAN), in august 12, 2010, through the cooperation agreement with the Rio de Janeiro State Government. The objective of the program is to take social projects to the communities with Pacifying Police Unity (UPP); among they, educational projects with free offer of Professional Qualification courses, polished in Decree no. 6.635, November 5, 2008. Therefore, this study seeks to propose enterprises in the way to make easy the entry and the remaining of those people in the formal labor market and the generation of labor and income. The experience of the author with insertion process of students and egresses from the Professional Education courses offered by the SESI Citizenship Program signs that the difficulties faced by the Rio de Janeiro communities' residents are related with the historical conditions, social, economical and cultural. In face of this set of problems, we adopted the follow hypothesis: the behavior competences of the residents of Rio de Janeiro communities clashes with your insertion in the formal labor market. In this prospect, the focus of the investigation was to analyze the competences observed by the human resources professionals that interfere in the entry and remaining of those egresses in the companies. We adopted the concept of competencies knew as Joel Souza Dutra (2001), well as by some Administration theorists, that define it as a ensemble of knowledge, abilities and attitude necessaries for the development of the attributions and responsibilities of the person. The empiric cut was composed by ten small, medium and large companies based in the Metropolitan Zone of Rio de Janeiro. The methodological approach includes field research based in semi-structured interview data, being incorporated the verbal relate analysis technic. We formulated a questionnaire for the semi-directed interview execution with human resources professionals and principals of companies that we were allowed to identify the factors that interfere in the entry of those people in the formal labor market. The conclusions point difficulties of insertion and remaining of residents of Rio de Janeiro communities in the formal labor market by aspects related with the basic educational formation, especially the behavior competences developed in the sociocultural context that they are inserted, which are found disconnected with the behavior competences demanded by the formal labor market. The relevance of the research consist in the possibility of subsidize the formulation of public policies of the Education and of the Labor, intended to the professional formation of the low income residents of the Rio de Janeiro communities for the generation of labor and inco

In exordium of thesis I am engaged in the explanation of the conception of socially pathological phenomena and in the diagnosis of this conception into the social pathology and then I describe some of these significant negative and dangerous phenomena, which threaten the youth, too. Mainly I target violent phenomena and dependencies. Subsequently I am resolving the problem of primary, secondary and tertiary prevention, too. I am writing especially about different recommendations and measures, how not to need occur the prevention, especially the tertiary prevention. Next I target the secondary prevention especially the prevention of violent phenomena and dependencies. In conclusion I am focusing on Salesian youth centre - centre of children and youth in České Budějovice and shortly I describe activities of these centre with an eye on the pursuance or the realization of the secondary prevention not to occur the origin or the expansion of socially pathological phenomena.

The theoretical part of this thesis defines the process of social exclusion and its elements - spatial, economic, cultural, social, political and symbolic. These interconnected elements give rise to crucial areas that are substantially affected by social exclusions - living conditions, employment or ways of making a living, education and medical condition. The following chapters describe the initial situation in the Plzeň locations in 2006 and the situations in the mentioned areas in relation to excluded individuals. The objective of the thesis presented is to describe the development in seven socially excluded locations in Plzeň including their current situation. A qualitative survey was carried out addressing particularly workers in self-administration and non-governmental non-profit organisations, who come in contact with individuals from socially excluded locations. A method of document analysis by means of content analysis of the data was used along with a questioning method via a dialogue. The situation of socially excluded locations in Plzeň has significantly changed in the last five years, as the location labelled as the most problematic one by all informers perished at the end of 2009 and another location suffered changes as a result of the sale of the property. Maintaining or on the other hand cessation of the described localities considerably depend on the town´s housing policy, since the town of Plzeň owns the houses in all remaining locations. Owing to the increasing indebtedness of the population and growing problems in the housing or employment areas, there is a threat of an origination of new socially excluded locations. This thesis contributed to the evaluation of the development in the situation of socially excluded locations in Plzeň, which can give a base to implementing direct measures resulting in joining the inhabitants of these locations as well as in creating preventive measures.

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No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Guilherme Sousa Borges - 2017.pdf: 3473656 bytes, checksum: 8815b7469f3b2a8ae85dec8717848022 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-13 / The objective of this research is to reflect on the actions and determining factors of the Municipal Council of Education of Mineiros/GO ensuring the right to socially referenced quality education in the county, verifying if its performance characterizes it as an autonomous instrument of civil society representation in the processes of democratization of educational public policies. Starting from a critical study about the development of the State and its relations with society, the research was developed in order to analyze the position of the Education Councils in the legal order of the Democratic State of Law, and the possibilities of its action in favor of right to education, emphasizing the relation right-quality-education and limiting the scope of analysis to the municipal Council of Mineiros/GO. To reach that end, a literature review was performed in order to understand the proposed object; also a documentary exploratory research was done, with the support of data collecting techniques to survey documents involving the selected CME. The exploratory research revealed the existence of a diversity of documents produced between July 2, 1997 (date of establishment of CME) and April 2016 (when the data collection was closed). After completing the survey and quantification of the data, systematization techniques were used to facilitate content analysis, with prioritization of documents related to legislation, internal regulations, minutes, opinions and resolutions. After the synthesis of the data, qualitative analysis procedures were carried out for the construction of the text, based on a schematized structuration and the critical argumentation of the content together with the theoretical reference. It was noticed, after going through the methodological path chosen, that although the Boards of Education are understood as participatory democratic spaces, responsible for exercising regulatory functions and control and social mobilization in the educational realm, the CME of Mineiros/GO presents an almost exclusive activity regarding issues related to bureaucratic supervision of teaching units, not being observed the exercise of autonomy on the part of this Council, since most of the decisions taken by the councilors undergoes some type of control on the part of the municipal Executive Power. Thus, it is noted that the Council of Education has freedom in attaining its assignments only to the extent of not interfering in the executive management of the municipal education. This situation shows the fragility of the Board's role in guaranteeing the right to education in a socially referenced perspective, because there is no evidence of any rapprochement between the Council and society in order to seek improvements in the municipal education system. / Esta pesquisa tem por objeto de análise refletir sobre as ações e fatores determinantes na atuação do Conselho Municipal de Educação de Mineiros/GO na garantia do direito a educação de qualidade socialmente referenciada no âmbito do município, verificando se sua atuação o caracteriza como um instrumento autônomo de representação da sociedade civil nos processos de democratização das políticas públicas educacionais. Partindo de um estudo crítico acerca do desenvolvimento do Estado e de suas relações com a sociedade, a pesquisa foi desenvolvida no sentido de analisar a posição dos Conselhos de Educação na ordem jurídica do Estado Democrático de Direito, e as possibilidades de sua atuação em prol do direito à educação, ressaltando a relação direito-qualidade-educação e limitando o âmbito de análise ao Conselho do município de Mineiros/GO. Para tanto, foi realizada uma revisão de literatura suficiente à compreensão do objeto proposto, e também uma pesquisa exploratória documental, com o auxílio de técnicas de coleta de dados, para o levantamento de documentos sobre o CME selecionado. A pesquisa exploratória revelou a existência de uma diversidade de documentos produzidos entre o período de 02 de julho de 1997 (data de criação do CME) até abril de 2016 (momento em que foi encerrado o levantamento de dados). Após concluído o levantamento e a quantificação dos dados, foram utilizadas técnicas de sistematização com o objetivo de facilitar a análise do conteúdo, sendo priorizados os documentos relativos à legislação, regulamentação interna, atas, pareceres e resoluções. Feita a síntese dos dados, foram executados procedimentos de análise qualitativa para a construção do texto, com base na estruturação esquematizada e na argumentação crítica do conteúdo em conjunto com o referencial teórico. Percebeu-se, depois de percorrido o caminho metodológico traçado, que embora os Conselhos de Educação sejam compreendidos como espaços democráticos participativos, responsáveis por exercer funções deliberativa e de controle e mobilização social no âmbito educacional, o CME de Mineiros/GO apresenta atuação quase exclusiva em questões relacionadas à fiscalização burocrática das unidades de ensino, não sendo observado o exercício da autonomia por parte desse Conselho, uma vez que a maioria das decisões tomadas pelos conselheiros passa por algum tipo de controle por parte do Poder Executivo municipal. Assim, constatou-se que o CME possui liberdade na consecução de suas atribuições somente até o ponto de não interferir na gestão executiva da educação do município. Tal situação demonstra a fragilidade da atuação do Colegiado na garantia do direito à educação sob uma perspectiva socialmente referenciada, pois não há evidências no sentido de uma aproximação entre Conselho e sociedade com o objetivo de buscar melhorias no sistema municipal de ensino.