<p>The purpose of this thesis is to study how femininity and masculinity is portraited in theeditorials of four Swedish lifestyle magazines; Glamour, Cosmopolitan, Moore and Slitz. Themain questions we based our study on are: What kind of relationship does the editor in chiefcreate with the intended reader? What conception of the world does the editor in chief createin the editorials? How does the editor in chief portray masculinity and femininity?In order to answer the questions above we performed a qualitative analysis of the editorials offour lifestyle magazines published during 2007. We used a discourse analysis with emphasison gender and how the editorials constructed masculinity and femininity and its stereotypicaltraits.Furthermore we based our results on a theory of the socially constructed gender. According tothis theory gender is constructed during our childhood and adolescense by the individuals andthe society surrounding us. These individuals and this society teaches us what is expectedfrom men and women in their traditional gender roles. Theories concerning stereotypes insociety and media were also helpful.During our analysis we found that there are several differences between how women portraythemselves in Glamour and Cosmopolitan and how men portray them in Slitz and Moore.There were also differences in how men portraid themselves in Slitz and Moore and howwomen portraid men in Glamour and Cosmopolitan. There were also several similaritiesbetween the different magazines.One of the most important similarities between the editorials was that all of them tended tolean toward the stereotypical description of masculinity and femininity. Also, the role of theopposite sex tended to be small and undetailed.The most important difference, on the other hand, we found was the language. While theeditorials in the lifestyle magazines directed to men used a harsh, sarcastic and humoristiclanguage, the editorials in the lifestyle magazines directed toward women tended to use amore friendly, educational and serious language.</p>

The purpose of this thesis is to study how femininity and masculinity is portraited in theeditorials of four Swedish lifestyle magazines; Glamour, Cosmopolitan, Moore and Slitz. Themain questions we based our study on are: What kind of relationship does the editor in chiefcreate with the intended reader? What conception of the world does the editor in chief createin the editorials? How does the editor in chief portray masculinity and femininity?In order to answer the questions above we performed a qualitative analysis of the editorials offour lifestyle magazines published during 2007. We used a discourse analysis with emphasison gender and how the editorials constructed masculinity and femininity and its stereotypicaltraits.Furthermore we based our results on a theory of the socially constructed gender. According tothis theory gender is constructed during our childhood and adolescense by the individuals andthe society surrounding us. These individuals and this society teaches us what is expectedfrom men and women in their traditional gender roles. Theories concerning stereotypes insociety and media were also helpful.During our analysis we found that there are several differences between how women portraythemselves in Glamour and Cosmopolitan and how men portray them in Slitz and Moore.There were also differences in how men portraid themselves in Slitz and Moore and howwomen portraid men in Glamour and Cosmopolitan. There were also several similaritiesbetween the different magazines.One of the most important similarities between the editorials was that all of them tended tolean toward the stereotypical description of masculinity and femininity. Also, the role of theopposite sex tended to be small and undetailed.The most important difference, on the other hand, we found was the language. While theeditorials in the lifestyle magazines directed to men used a harsh, sarcastic and humoristiclanguage, the editorials in the lifestyle magazines directed toward women tended to use amore friendly, educational and serious language.

Syftet med arbetet var att undersöka hur stor plats kvinnan fått i de vanligaste svenska läroböckerna i historia för gymnasieskolan. Studien var ämnad att visa på hur kvinnans roll beskrevs i olika historieböcker. En viktig utgångspunkt blev då att studera hur hon framställs i historieboken eftersom detta påverkar eleverna, såväl deras verklighetssyn, deras kunskapssyn som deras historiesyn. Genom att göra en innehållsanalys av två läroböcker som flitigt används i den svenska gymnasieskolan lyftes de områden fram i historieböckerna där kvinnan tagit stor respektive liten roll i historieberättelsen. Till hjälp för att förklara skillnaderna könen emellan användes genusteorier där tonvikten låg på det socialt konstruerade planet istället för det biologiskt förklarade könet. Aktör - strukturperspektivet användes också för att förstå och förklara resultatet. Det framgick att det var skillnad på män och kvinnor i historieboken och det visade sig att denna skillnad i böckerna handlade om genus, den sociala konstruktionen av kön och relationen mellan könen. De flesta av kategorierna visade att genusteorier kan förklara skillnaderna mellan könen bättre än biologiska förklaringar. Det framkom även att andra förklaringar såsom klasstillhörighet kom att tydliggöras. / The purpose of this project was to examine the emphasis placed on women in the most commonly used Swedish History textbooks at A-level. The study intended to consider the roles women played in different textbooks in order to highlight how women were described. The roles these books assigned to women would affect the pupils, shaping their sense of reality, as well as their knowledge and interpretation of History. Detailed analysis of the contents of two frequently consulted Swedish A-level textbooks shed light upon key areas where women played a more prominent role. Gender theories were subsequently used in order to understand and explain the differences in the portrayal of men and women. Rather than focusing on a biological distinction of sex, these theories emphasis the social construction of gender. A theory, which considers agent and structure, was similarly used to interpret the results. It became clear that differences between men and women do exist, and that gender is the social construction of these differences. Most of our categories in this paper demonstrated that gender theories, rather than biological explanations, more adequately explained the distinction between the sexes. The study also concluded that other explanations, such as class, could equally be used in order to explain such differences.

Att undersöka elevlösningar och att ta del av verksamma gymnasielärares erfarenheter rörande elevers användning av modalitetsmarkörer i skrift ger en bild av kvinnliga och manliga gymnasieelevers hållningar gentemot satsers innehåll och eventuella likheter och skillnader skribenterna emellan. Föreliggande studies huvudsyfte är att undersöka frekvens och funktion hos modalitetsmarkörer i elevlösningar hämtade från 2015 års nationella prov i kursen svenska 3 i gymnasiet. Till syftet hör även att granska eventuella likheter och skillnader i frekvens och funktion hos modalitetsmarkörer mellan de kvinnliga och de manliga skribenterna. Studiens bisyfte är att undersöka tillfrågade gymnasielärares erfarenheter rörande kvinnliga respektive manliga elevers användning av modalitetsmarkörer i skrift. För att uppnå syftet formulerat för denna studie kombineras och kompletteras en kvantitativ metod med en kvalitativ metod. Den kvantitativa metoden utgörs av en sammanställning och granskning av frekvens och funktion hos modalitetsmarkörer i 60 elevlösningar jämnt fördelade mellan könen. Studiens kvalitativa metod omfattas av kvalitativa intervjuer med en hög grad av strukturering i kombination med öppna frågor med tre legitimerade svensklärare. Resultaten visar på en låg frekvens av modalitetsmarkörer i både de kvinnliga och de manliga elevlösningarna. Majoriteten av samtliga modalitetsmarkörer signalerar en låg grad av sannolikhet och har således en trolighetsfunktion i satsen. Frekvensen och funktionen hos modalitetsmarkörerna skiljer sig på så vis marginellt mellan de kvinnliga och de manliga skribenternas texter. Den låga frekvensen och trolighetsfunktionen som den mest framträdande i elevers texter bekräftas ytterligare av studiens informanter, vilka vidare delar erfarenheten att modalitetsmarkörer är en viktig komponent i ett nyanserat förhållningssätt. Fynden från den kvantitativa materialbearbetningen och den kvalitativa materialbearbetningen överensstämmer således. Någon större språklig variation utifrån faktorn socialt konstruerat kön kan inte fastställas utifrån de kvantitativa och kvalitativa resultat som presenteras i denna studie.