Foreigners within Karlovy Vary urban region: spatial distribution and influences on local environment Due to exceptional migration characteristics of Czechia among CEE countries and entire EU, foreigners are becoming more and more important component of population of our cities. This fact implies the growing importance of foreign population as an agent in process of shaping the lived space. The aim of this diploma thesis is the presence of foreigners within the urban region and broader environs of Karlovy Vary - which currently is a city with one of the highest proportions of foreign population in entire Czechia. Migration characteristics and mobility of population of area are analysed with emphasis on foreigners. Subsequently patterns of spatial distribution of significant groups of foreigners are explained on various levels, based on unique unpublished data from Czech Foreign police office. Then the core section of empirical part is the analysis of influence of foreign inhabitants on the local environment, which stems from detailed field research carried out by the author. The work varies between urban and migration studies and theoretically is roofed by concepts of socio-spatial differentiation and residential mobility. From methodical point of view, the author claims and affiliation to the...

Les problèmes d’environnement et leur gestion suscitent un ensemble de faits sociaux qui interrogent les relations sociétés/environnement. Le risque d’inondation et plus généralement la gestion de l’eau sont de bons exemples pour analyser ce phénomène. Les tenions générées par les évènements socio-naturels définis par le risque conduisent à identifier des territoires dits « sensibles ». Comment émerge cette sensibilité ? Comment peut-elle s’identifier et comment s’exprime-t-elle ? Cette thèse interroge la notion de sensibilité du point de vue sociologique pour en retenir une définition socio-spatiale. La démarche mise en place a nécessité le recours à la géographie pour mieux considérer la dimension environnementale de l’objet d’étude. La pertinence de la proposition est testée sur le bassin de la Sarthe amont à travers l’analyse de situations générées par le risque d’inondation et le déploiement de sa gestion. Les réactions autour de deux projets d’aménagement de retenue sèche, pour la régulation dynamique des crues, sont plus particulièrement étudiées. En nous appuyant sur le cadre d’analyse des régimes d’engagement (Thévenot, 2006) et particulièrement celui de la justification, nous montrons comment les réactions d’acteurs riverains des cours d’eau se concentrent autour de revendications d’enjeux qui varient selon les secteurs de vallées : demande de protection face au risque dans les secteurs vulnérables ; protection des paysages et maintient des dynamiques locales dans les secteurs amonts. L’analyse des entretiens menés met en évidence que les enjeux se hiérarchisent différemment selon les secteurs. Les revendications antagonistes des acteurs sont sources de tensions et parfois de conflits, qui sont résolues ou non au cours du temps. La mise en relation de la dimension spatiale et de la dimension temporelle, des évènements analysés, permet d’identifier des trajectoires de la sensibilité socio-spatiale. Au final, ce travail montre les difficultés de la mise en partage des territoires de l’eau pour le cas de la gestion du risque d’inondation. / Environmental issues and their managements set off a range of social facts questioning societies/environment relations. Flooding risks, and more generally, water management are relevant examples in order to analyse this phenomenon. Some areas are categorised as sensitive and so because of tensions resulting from socio-natural events which are defined by this risk. Where does this sensibility come from? How can it be identified and how is it expressed? This thesis questions this notion of sensibility from a sociological point of view to eventually take on a socio-spatial definition. This approach required the resort of geography, for a better consideration of the environmental dimension considering the object under study. Through the analysis of situations generated by flooding risk and its management in the Sarthe Bassin is tested the proposal relevance. Main focus will be on the reactions arousing from the development projects of two dry flood barriers- keeping a dynamic control of spates. Considering the analytical frame of the commitment policies (Thévenot, 2006), and more precisely the policy of justification, we point out the way riverside locals' reactions focus on varying claims, according to the different valley areas: request for protection to face flooding risks in vulnerable sectors, protection of the landscapes and finally, that local dynamics are maintained in upstream sectors. The analysis of interviews highlights a different hierarchy among the issues at stakes and so according to the sectors in question. Local actors' antagonistic claims trigger new issues and sometimes conflicts that are not always resolved over time. It leads to an inter-relationship between the spatial and temporal dimensions that enables to identify some trajectories of the socio-spatial sensibility. To conclude, this work illustrates the difficulties concerning the sharing of water territories when the flooding risk management is at stake.

Blomquist, Aviva (2021). Understanding Community Sense of Place and Social Sustainability Through Instagram: The establishment of Rågsved nature reserve and the demolition Snösätra Graffiti Wall of Fame. Human Geography, advanced level, master’s thesis for Master exam in Human Geography, 30 ECTS credits  Supervisor: Danielle Drozdzewski Language: English Key words: Digital geography, sense of place, social media, public space socio-spatial planning, participation, social sustainability, cultural sustainability.  This thesis investigates digital sense of place and social and cultural sustainability issues in the establishment of Rågsved nature reserve and the subsequent demolishment of (parts of) Snösätra Graffiti Wall of Fame. Drawing on theories of the more or less digital world, the non-representational, the more-than human, and the idea of geolocative social media as participatory public space (in the making), the thesis aim was to investigate how covert netnography/digital ethnography and discourse analysis can help us understand sense of place, and to identify sustainability issues through geotagged user generated data on Instagram. The empirical findings reveal conflicting community sense of place, assembled through complex entanglements between algorithms, physical structures/landscape, language, and sensory embodiments, which were simultaneously digital and non-digital. There were indications that the flows of posts geotagged on Instagram functioned as ‘claimed’ participatory public space, where stakeholder communities discussed place outside of dominant political imaginations. In addition, the posts indicated social and cultural sustainability issues. The main conclusion is that this type of discourse analysis of social media has the potential for functioning as a ‘passive’ participation strategy, and for creating deliberative discussions with stakeholder communities based on an understanding of place as they experience it.

Over the past several decades conservation easements have seen immense growth in their popularity. There are now over 40 million acres of easement land in the United States, up from only 1.4 million in 1998. A significant body of research exists on easements, factors that lead to their adoption, their consequences and effectiveness, and problems that arise from their use, among other topics. Our study contributes to this literature by exploring community and system-level effects on easement adoption, using Virginia as a case study, and applying a novel approach that incorporates spatial analysis and the insights of conservation professionals. The purpose of our research was to explore whether community-level factors affect easement adoption decisions, and what those factors are. Previously established variables were investigated to gauge their relationship to easement occurrence when scaled up to the community level, as well as to test our ability to make predictions about where easements should be most likely to occur. Spatial market segmentation data was also incorporated into this analysis to determine whether it could augment our understanding of community-level factors and predictive ability. Statistical models produced were reasonably predictive. However, we suspect that this was the case for different reasons at our community scale of analysis than at the individual landowner level examined in previous research. We used surveys and interviews with easement professionals to further explore additional variables that might explain adoption patterns. Results indicate the importance of system-level factors including change agents, opinion leaders, and local government and land-use planning. / Master of Science / Conservation easements are an increasingly common form of land protection. Unlike traditional conservation methods that involve directly purchasing and protecting land, such as national parks and forests, conservation easements allow private individuals to maintain ownership of their property while also ensuring that that land is conserved, remaining both undeveloped and unsubdivided. Our research was aimed at investigating whether communitylevel social factors might affect the ability and interest of landowners to adopt easements, and we focused our efforts on the state of Virginia. A combination of information collected through surveys and interviews with conservation professionals from across the state and publically available data were used to address the topic. Our results contained important lessons for conservationists and researchers alike. One such lesson was the apparent propensity for landowners who are more likely to adopt easements to have characteristics different, and sometimes even opposite, the general characteristics of people living in their surrounding community. Other lessons included the identification of community-level factors that affect the likelihood of easement adoption, including the presence of influential community members, and the support or opposition of local governments and land-use planning to easements.

Population displacement has long been a controversial companion of development. The central tension has been between the position challenging the kind of development that removes people from their homes, livelihoods and communities, and a managerial position that the impoverishment risks of displacement can be mitigated through an effective intervention. Whereas recent research has been devoted to unpacking a rather unsuccessful performance of involuntary resettlement as a mitigation measure, this study aims to question the assumption of mitigation itself by expanding the concept of development impacts beyond the realm of displacement. Through an empirical study of a railway project in Metro Manila, the Philippines, I examine how urban residents are affected by a large-scale demolition and displacement that took place in their locality. Semi-structured interviews were conducted along the railway tracks after the land was cleared of informal settlements since the study placed particular focus on residents who were not physically displaced. They are identified in my research as non-displaced people. Few studies have addressed the possibility that other people might have been adversely affected in situ and this is particularly so in urban areas. Empirical findings reveal that the physical environment and socio-economic relationships in the locality were significantly transformed through the clearance; impacting the tenure status, livelihoods and social milieu of non-displaced people. Tenure security was important for avoiding displacement but was not a definitive factor as a number of people are still informal settlers who continue to be faced with other eviction threats. For the non-displaced, the physical change of the locality became relevant when their productive capital, notably, a second house or business space, was affected. The loss or erosion of physical capital had a secondary impact on livelihoods, which was compounded by the rupture in the local livelihood network following a mass population outflow. Whereas the income of locally-based businesses decreased substantially, livelihoods that operate beyond the locality remain relatively resilient. Differentiated experiences of a local change are also reflected in a range of evaluations that describe local social ambiance before and after the event. Diverse ways in which non-displaced people were affected underline that the current conceptualisation of impacts is limited to one dimension of displacement. This raises the need to adopt a more holistic and disaggregated approach to understanding the complexities of development impacts. A discussion on whether and how they can be mitigated would benefit further from such a comprehensive study.

L’étude des Tamouls à Colombo, Kuala Lumpur et Singapour montre l’intérêt d’adopter une perspective comparative et multiscalaire pour saisir dans toute leur complexité les différents facteurs agissant sur l’identification et l’intégration socio-spatiale d’un groupe minoritaire transnational. Ces Tamouls évoluent dans des contextes politiques nationaux très différents. À Sri Lanka, ils se retrouvent au cœur d’un conflit intercommunautaire. À Singapour, ils sont reconnus officiellement comme l’une des composantes de la société multiculturelle alors qu’en Malaise, l’État privilégie les Malais. L’analyse des politiques menées par la puissance coloniale, puis par les trois États indépendants à l’égard des minorités, permet de mieux comprendre leurs impacts sur le sentiment d’identification et d’intégration des Tamouls à la Nation, ainsi que sur leur répartition dans ces villes. À l’échelle locale, l’inscription spatiale de leur identité et les pratiques citadines des Tamouls favorisent une appropriation de leur environnement urbain. Toutefois, cette dernière n’est pas immuable. Les politiques urbaines développées par les États, qui selon les cas préservent ou détruisent les ethnoterritoires, ont des conséquences sur l’empreinte urbaine tamoule et leur pratique de la ville. Cette réalité n’est pas sans conséquences sur la façon dont les Tamouls perçoivent leur appartenance à la Nation. Enfin, les liens transnationaux (culturels, politiques, économiques) entre Tamouls et les dynamiques migratoires internationales contemporaines des Tamouls dans ces trois pays ont également des conséquences sur l’identification et l’intégration de ceux de Colombo, Kuala Lumpur et Singapour. / The study of Tamils in Colombo, Kuala Lumpur and Singapore shows the importance of adopting a multi-scale and comparative perspective in order to fully grasp an understanding of the complexity of the various factors affecting the identification and socio-spatial integration of a transnational minority group. These Tamils evolve in very different national political contexts. In Sri Lanka, they are at the heart of inter-communal conflicts. In Singapore, they are officially recognized as a component of a multicultural society, whilst in Malaysia the government officially favors Malays. The analysis of the policies enforced by the colonial power, followed by the three independent states toward minorities provides a better understanding of their impacts on the sense of identity and integration of Tamils in the Nation, as well as their geographical distribution in these cities. At the local level, the spatial inscription of tamil identity and their urban practices favor an appropriation of their urban environment. However, it is not immutable. Urban policies developed by states, which according to the cases preserve or destroy ethnoterritories, have an impact on the Tamil urban footprint and their practical of the city. This reality is not without consequence on how Tamils perceive their attachement to the nation. Finally, transnational ties (cultural, political, economical) between Tamils and contemporary dynamics of international migration of Tamils in these three countries also have consequences on the identification and integration of those from Colombo, Kuala Lumpur and Singapore.

L'étude des comportements de mobilité est une thématique très peu investie dans les villes d'Afrique subsaharienne. Ces villes sont caractérisées par une croissance urbaine fulgurante avec comme corollaire un étalement spatial, des densités démographiques très élevées et une crise du secteur des transports dominé par les opérateurs artisanaux. Ces dynamiques, qui sont à l'origine de déséquilibres spatiaux, font que l'accès aux aménités urbaines devient très difficile pour les catégories de population les plus pauvres. A Dakar, les options d'aménagement ségrégationnistes prises par les autorités coloniales, l'inefficacité des instruments classiques de planification urbaine ainsi que la dérégulation du marché du foncier et de l'immobilier ont été à la base d'une dynamique de différenciation socio-spatiale. Ce travail de recherche, en faisant usage des méthodes d'analyse multidimensionnelle (Analyse en Composante Principale et Classification Ascendante Hiérarchique) et en se basant sur des enquêtes « ménages-déplacements » originales, se donne pour objectif d'analyser la dynamique ségrégative à Dakar et d'éclairer les liens existants entre la localisation résidentielle des ménages et les comportements de mobilité des individus dans un contexte urbain très changeant / The study of mobility behavior has not been well investigated in Sub-Saharan cities. These cities are characterized by rapid urban growth resulting in sprawl space, very high population densities and a crisis in transport sector which is dominated by craft operators. These dynamics, which are at the origin of spatial imbalances mean that access to urban amenities becomes very difficult for the poorest categories of the population. In Dakar, segregationist territorial management options taken in the past by colonial authorities, the ineffectiveness of traditional instruments of urban planning as well as disregulation of land market and real estate, have created a dynamic socio-spatial differentiation. This research project, by using multivariate analysis methods (Principal Component Analysis and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis) is based on original household travel surveys. Our objective is to analyze the dynamics of socio-spatial segregation in Dakar and illuminate the links between residential location and household mobility behavior in a changeable urban context

Durant les deux dernières décennies, on assiste à l'émergence de Luxemburg comme pôle économique débordant les frontières luxembourgeoise. Cette dynamique se traduit par une croissance migratoire et démographique soutenue entrainant une pression sur le marché résidentiel. On sait à travers la littérature sur la métropolisation qu'elle s'accompagne souvent d'inégalités socio-spatiales mais on en sait encore très peu sur comment ce phénomène se décline dans les espaces transfrontaliers. L’objectif de cette thèse est, dès lors, de comprendre quelles sont les conséquences des marchés fonciers dans l’espace transfrontalier Luxembourg sur la production de l’espace résidentiel ? Le contexte transfrontalier nous incite à aller plus loin pour voir comment les frontières interviennent dans cette production de l’espace. Pour répondre à ces questions, nous avons mené une enquête qualitative auprès de 159 ménages qui a été complétée par une analyse quantitative des flux et des choix de localisation de divers groupes socioprofessionnels en utilisant des modèles de choix discrets. Nos analyses montrent un espace résidentiel luxembourgeois socialement étiqueté avec des lignes de fractures sociales qui s'étendent au-delà des frontières, conséquence du développement économique luxembourgeois et de l'augmentation des prix du foncier. Les prix élevés de l'immobilier constituent une barrière à l'intégration de beaucoup de travailleurs dans le marché résidentiel luxembourgeois. La frontière, par les différentiels qu'elle permet, contribue ainsi à une plus grande spécialisation des territoires et à l'élargissement de l'espace de la métropolisation. Cet élargissement est toutefois limité par les avantages comparatifs qu'offre le Luxembourg à ses résidants. Enfin, malgré l'intégration européenne et un rôle moins prégnant de la frontière en tant que barrière, le processus de métropolisation dans le cas de Luxembourg renforce plutôt le rôle de la frontière en tant qu'instrument de différenciation socio-spatiale. / During the past two decades, Luxembourg has emerged as a small, yet highly specialized metropolis with an expanding cross-border functional area. The economic growth has resulted in increasing migration to Luxembourg and a growing pressure on the housing market. According to the literature, the urban processes in metropolitan regions tend to go hand in hand with socio-spatial inequalities. Previous research has, however, paid less attention to cross-border cities. This observation gives rise to the following question: How does the Luxembourg real estate market contend with its unique cross-border context and what are the socioeconomic effects on the residential space? First, we investigate the comparative advantages of urban land regulations and housing price differentials between the four countries. Second, we conduct a survey on the residential choices on each side of the border. Finally, we analyse cross-border residential mobility of workers using discrete choice models and Luxembourg administrative data. Our analysis shows growing socio-spatial inequalities as a result of the economic development of Luxembourg and the related increase in housing prices. The high housing prices function as a barrier for many to live in Luxembourg. This contributes to a more socially polarized space and an extension of the functional area of Luxembourg beyond the border. However, this extension is somewhat limited and influenced by other residential advantages of living in Luxembourg. Finally, even though the EU integration signifies a declining impact of the border as a barrier, the metropolitanization process in this case reinforces the effect of the border as instrument of socio-spatial differentiation.

Since the second half of the 1990s a residential suburbanization process has occurred in the Czechia. Within the process residents move from cities to municipalities that are located in their outskirts. The general aim of the thesis is to evaluate the social environment in Kladno district which is change just as a consequence of the residential suburbanization process. Within the general aim, the thesis sets out three partial objectives: To characterize the process of residential suburbanization in Kladno district, to evaluate changes in the socio- spatial structure of Kladno district with the main focus on the suburban municipalities, and to evaluate the social environment in the selected suburban municipality in Kladno district. There are quantitative methods used in the work. To accomplish the first and second partial objectives is used the analysis of statistical data from Czech Statistical Office. To accomplish the third partial objective is used a questionnaire survey, which investigate how respondents interact with native and new residents and how they engage in social and political life in Buštěhrad. The thesis is based on concepts of social environment and community question. Key words: residential suburbanization, socio-spatial structure, social structure, social climate, social...

O objetivo desta pesquisa consiste em investigar os padrões espaciais e as repercussões dos processos de segregação nas estruturas intraurbanas das principais cidades médias gaúchas: Caxias do Sul, Passo Fundo, Pelotas e Santa Maria. A segregação é definida como a separação ou afastamento físico de um grupo social relativamente homogêneo em relação aos demais e compreendida como um dos fundamentos da produção do espaço urbano, representando um processo que, simultaneamente, reflete e condiciona as relações sociais, se realizando, portanto, na esfera da dialética socioespacial. Três núcleos analíticos estruturam a tese: o reconhecimento dos respectivos perfis demográficos, socioeconômicos e funcionais das cidades estudadas (capítulo II); a compreensão de suas estruturas socioespaciais intraurbanas, a partir de técnicas estatísticas de análises multivariadas que permitem a identificação e espacialização de grupos sociais e a definição dos atuais padrões de segregação socioespacial (capítulo III); a abordagem da segregação socioespacial em sua dimensão histórica e processual, de forma articulada aos respectivos processos de estruturação intraurbana. Os resultados da pesquisa apontam para a existência de três padrões socioespaciais distintos ao longo do tempo: até o final do século XIX, identificam-se diferenciações socioespaciais que não se configuram segregações de fato, pois a proximidade entre as classes sociais é uma realidade em meio a ocupações compactas; do final do século XIX até a década de 1980 constitui-se e consolida-se o padrão de segregação centro-periferia, caracterizado pela expansão horizontal das cidades, sendo o centro lugar valorizado pelas elites, objeto de concentração de investimentos públicos e privados; a partir de 1990, evidenciam-se processos de reestruturação urbana com novos padrões de autossegregação dos mais ricos em condomínios fechados periféricos, assim como o surgimento de grandes equipamentos periféricos como os shopping centers, denotando a emergência de processos de fragmentação socioespacial, ainda incipientes, porém mais complexos que os processos de segregação, pois extrapolam o uso residencial. Historicamente, as cidades de Pelotas e Santa Maria exibem padrões de ocupações mais dispersos em relação à Caxias do Sul e Passo Fundo, assim como processos de segregação mais complexos, demonstrando desde a década de 1980 uma sobreposição ao padrão de segregação centro-periferia, a partir da formação de setores periféricos de grande concentração de camadas de média e alta renda; no caso de Pelotas associados às amenidades naturais, e no caso de Santa Maria motivados por investimentos públicos em grandes equipamentos urbanos. Se comparados às realidades metropolitanas, os processos de segregação socioespacial nas cidades médias estudadas revelam a mesma natureza socioeconômica, assim como padrões espaciais semelhantes, no entanto, apresentam omplexidades, escalas e temporalidades diversas, o que define diferentes níveis de determinação sobre o espaço intraurbano. / The objective of this research is to investigate the spatial patterns and repercussions of the segregation processes in the intra-urban structures of the main medium-sized cities of Rio Grande do Sul: Caxias do Sul, Passo Fundo, Pelotas and Santa Maria. Segregation is defined as the separation or physical seclusion of a relatively homogeneous social group from others and understood as one of the foundations of urban space production, representing a process that simultaneously reflects and conditions social relations, in the sphere of socio-spatial dialectics. Three analytical cores structure the thesis: the recognition of each of the city\'s demographic, socioeconomic and functional profiles (chapter II); the understanding of their intra-urban socio-spatial structures, based on statistical techniques of multivariate analysis that allow the identification and spatialization of social groups, and the definition of current patterns of socio-spatial segregation (chapter III); the approach of socio-spatial segregation in its historical and procedural dimension, in regards to their respective processes of intra-urban structuring. The results of the research point to the existence of three distinct socio-spatial patterns over time: until the end of the nineteenth century, socio-spatial differentiations do not constitute actual segregation, since proximity between social classes is a reality in compact occupations; from the end of the nineteenth century until the 1980s, the pattern of center-periphery segregation was established and consolidated, characterized by urban sprawl, with the center being valued by elites, and the object of concentration of public and private investments; since 1990, there is evidence of urban restructuring processes with new patterns of self-segregation of the richest in closed condominiums in peripheral areas, as well as the introduction of large peripheral equipment such as shopping malls, denoting the emergence of socio-spatial fragmentation processes, still incipient, but more complex than the previous processes of segregation, since they extrapolate the residential use. Historically, the cities of Pelotas and Santa Maria have more dispersed patterns of occupation in relation to Caxias do Sul and Passo Fundo, as well as more complex segregation processes, demonstrating since the 1980s an overlap with the center-periphery segregation pattern, evidenced by the formation of peripheral sectors with a high concentration of medium and high income classes; in the case of Pelotas, this process is associated with natural amenities, and in the case of Santa Maria it is motivated by public investments in large urban facilities. Compared to metropolitan realities, the sociospatial segregation processes in the studied medium cities reveal the same socioeconomic nature, as well as similar spatial patterns; however, they present different complexities, scales and temporalities, defining different levels of determination upon intra-urban space.