Les raves, les free parties et les teknivals, sont des fêtes techno à l'origine d'une panique morale en France. L'histoire sociale de ces phénomènes est celle d'une répression d'État. Nous avons tâché de saisir (l'essence de) l'expérience de ces fêtes, compte tenu d'un marqueur temporel et biographique : l'événement marquant (Michèle Leclerc-Olive, 1997). Il s'est agi dans un premier temps, pour des teuffeurs volontaires, et membres de Sound Systems, de se raconter dans le cadre d'entretiens biographiques. Puis, dans un deuxième temps, d'identifier, .avec notre aide, ce qui a orienté, et décidé de leur parcours. Leur vie ne fut-elle que délire ? Jouissance esthétique ? Un « activiste » techno n'est-il marqué que par la fête ? Les récits de vie de Marc, de Fabrice, de Marie-Sophie et de Gino, nous ont permis de répondre à ces questions / Raves, free parties and teknivals are techno parties that, in France, are the origin of moral panic. Their social history and phenomena are those of state suppression. This thesis attempts to catch (the essence of) the experience of these parties given a temporal and biographical event: The notewor1hy event (Michèle Leclerc-Olive, 1997). ln the first place the ravers and other voluntary members from Sound Systems told about themselves within the frame of biographical interviews. Then, as a second step, the goal was to identify, with our help, what guided and decided their path. Was their life only a "blast"? An aesthetically pleasing? Would a techno "activist" be marked only by celebration? Life stories of Marc, Fabrice, Marie­ Sophie and Gino helped us to bring a clear answer to these questions

published_or_final_version / Speech and Hearing Sciences / Master / Master of Science in Audiology

Student Number : 0311394E - MA research report - School of Literature and Language Studies - Faculty of Humanities / The present study on ‘Multilingualism and change on the Kinyarwanda sound system post-1994’ focuses on sociolinguistic approaches oriented to the effects of language contact to Kinyarwanda sound change. Many studies on various multilingual societies have been conducted, and most of them have focused on multilingualism and language policy, education and social integration in different multilingual societies. In particular, most studies conducted on the new linguistic configuration of Rwanda have focused on language attitudes in a multilingual context, but none of them has tackled the issue of multilingualism and sound change as a result of language contact. The main hypothesis expounded in this research is that Kinyarwanda sound variants that can be heard from current speech arise owing to Kinyarwanda speakers’ language background. In the light of the literature review on multilingualism and sound change, an extensive analysis of the most prominent linguistic variables of sound variation in Kinyarwanda was done, and its evaluation shows that there have been shifts in the sound system of Kinyarwanda post-1994. It has been shown that some sounds were modified or shifted to other sounds which exist in neighbouring languages because of contact. In addition to that, it has been argued that this sound variation has been possible mainly because Kinyarwanda came into contact with other languages which have different sound systems. It is hoped that this research will add a new dimension to studies of multilingualism within Bantu languages and will contribute to yielding a solution to the Rwandan language problem because of suggestions related to how the Kinyarwanda sound system can be standardized.

Esta pesquisa etnográfica focaliza a produção do tecnobrega, uma modalidade de música eletrônica considerada de "mau gosto" estético, associada às periferias da cidade de Belém (Capital do Pará, no norte do Brasil) e a indivíduos/grupos sociais pertencentes a esses espaços urbanos. Consiste basicamente no resultado de manipulações computacionais de timbres, ritmos e melodias realizadas em estúdios por produtores musicais, ainda que o tecnobrega não se encontre relacionado exclusivamente à síntese digital sonora. O seu surgimento/assentamento local, nos anos 2000, remonta o estabelecimento do brega no Brasil, a partir da década de 1960, como um tipo de música alçada ao plano do "povo" através de um discurso midiático nacional de distinção sociocultural concebido no seio das classes médias urbanas emergentes. Igualmente ao brega, o tecnobrega (uma techno-versão do brega, pelo que o próprio nome sugere) também se destaca como música estigmatizada, tanto quanto personagens ligados ao universo da produção musical local carregam o estigma de ser "brega". Por outro lado, produtores, cantores, compositores, entre outros atores sociais que integram a cena musical brega de Belém do Pará se servem da condição de estigmatizados para erigir o tecnobrega como música de resistência, ao mesmo tempo (e ambiguamente) contestando a cultura "dominante" e nela se espelhando. De dentro do campo desta música, busco nesta tese apontar e discutir a re-significação daquilo que no país se vulgarizou como música "degradada", partindo da hipótese de que o tecnobrega consiste em expressão de caráter cosmopolita, assim como a sua produção é conseqüência de um ser/agir cosmopolita refletido em comportamentos, práticas culturais/musicais e no discurso sonoro. A noção de cosmopolitismo, teorizada neste trabalho em termos de tempos e espaços entrecruzados, bem como a dupla acepção do estigma e a relativização da idéia de música de e para a periferia, são analisadas com base na observação de espaços urbanos, em "trajetórias individuais" de artistas brega, em performances e na produção musical, multimídia e tecnológica que caracteriza o tecnobrega. Cosmopolitismo e globalização, mídias e tecnologias, regionalismo e construção de identidades aparecem como questões tratadas dentro de um campo teórico amplo que intersecta a Etnomusicologia, a Sociologia e a Antropologia Social. / This ethnographic research focuses on the production of tecnobrega, a type of electronic music which is considered to be of "bad aesthetic taste" associated to the outskirts of Belém (the capital city of Pará, a state in northern Brazil) as well as to the individuals/social groups belonging to these urban spaces. Tecnobrega consists of computer-manipulated studio-based timbers, rhythms, and melodies, though tecnobrega is not exclusively linked to digital media. Its emergence/local record in the 2000's resorts to the establishment of the brega (tacky) music in Brazil throughout the 1960's, as a type of music led to the sphere of the "populace" through a national mediated discourse of sociocultural distinction conceived within the emerging urban middle classes. As with the brega music, tecnobrega (a technology-based version of brega, as the name itself indicates) is also a stigmatized music in as much as the social actors related to its local production carry the stigma of being "tacky". On the other hand, producers, singers, composers and other social actors related to the brega scene in Belém do Pará make use of this stigmatization in order to establish tecnobrega as resistance music (ambiguously) contesting the mainstream culture whereas mirroring itself in the mainstream. From inside this scenario, I attempt to point out and discuss the re-signification of what in Brazil has been vulgarized as a "degraded" musical style departing from the hypothesis that tecnobrega is an artistic expression of a cosmopolitan character and its production is the consequence of acting/being cosmopolitan which is reflected in behaviors, cultural/musical practices and in its sound discourse. The notion of cosmopolitanism (here theorized as intercrossed time and space), stigma and the relativization of the idea of music of and for the periphery are analyzed on the grounds of the observation of urban spaces, of 'individual trajectories' of brega artists in performances and music production, multimedia and technologies that characterize tecnobrega. Cosmopolitanism and globalization, media and technologies, localism and identity construction are treated within a theoretical perspective which juxtaposes Ethnomusicology, Sociology, and Social Anthropology.

Esta pesquisa etnográfica focaliza a produção do tecnobrega, uma modalidade de música eletrônica considerada de "mau gosto" estético, associada às periferias da cidade de Belém (Capital do Pará, no norte do Brasil) e a indivíduos/grupos sociais pertencentes a esses espaços urbanos. Consiste basicamente no resultado de manipulações computacionais de timbres, ritmos e melodias realizadas em estúdios por produtores musicais, ainda que o tecnobrega não se encontre relacionado exclusivamente à síntese digital sonora. O seu surgimento/assentamento local, nos anos 2000, remonta o estabelecimento do brega no Brasil, a partir da década de 1960, como um tipo de música alçada ao plano do "povo" através de um discurso midiático nacional de distinção sociocultural concebido no seio das classes médias urbanas emergentes. Igualmente ao brega, o tecnobrega (uma techno-versão do brega, pelo que o próprio nome sugere) também se destaca como música estigmatizada, tanto quanto personagens ligados ao universo da produção musical local carregam o estigma de ser "brega". Por outro lado, produtores, cantores, compositores, entre outros atores sociais que integram a cena musical brega de Belém do Pará se servem da condição de estigmatizados para erigir o tecnobrega como música de resistência, ao mesmo tempo (e ambiguamente) contestando a cultura "dominante" e nela se espelhando. De dentro do campo desta música, busco nesta tese apontar e discutir a re-significação daquilo que no país se vulgarizou como música "degradada", partindo da hipótese de que o tecnobrega consiste em expressão de caráter cosmopolita, assim como a sua produção é conseqüência de um ser/agir cosmopolita refletido em comportamentos, práticas culturais/musicais e no discurso sonoro. A noção de cosmopolitismo, teorizada neste trabalho em termos de tempos e espaços entrecruzados, bem como a dupla acepção do estigma e a relativização da idéia de música de e para a periferia, são analisadas com base na observação de espaços urbanos, em "trajetórias individuais" de artistas brega, em performances e na produção musical, multimídia e tecnológica que caracteriza o tecnobrega. Cosmopolitismo e globalização, mídias e tecnologias, regionalismo e construção de identidades aparecem como questões tratadas dentro de um campo teórico amplo que intersecta a Etnomusicologia, a Sociologia e a Antropologia Social. / This ethnographic research focuses on the production of tecnobrega, a type of electronic music which is considered to be of "bad aesthetic taste" associated to the outskirts of Belém (the capital city of Pará, a state in northern Brazil) as well as to the individuals/social groups belonging to these urban spaces. Tecnobrega consists of computer-manipulated studio-based timbers, rhythms, and melodies, though tecnobrega is not exclusively linked to digital media. Its emergence/local record in the 2000's resorts to the establishment of the brega (tacky) music in Brazil throughout the 1960's, as a type of music led to the sphere of the "populace" through a national mediated discourse of sociocultural distinction conceived within the emerging urban middle classes. As with the brega music, tecnobrega (a technology-based version of brega, as the name itself indicates) is also a stigmatized music in as much as the social actors related to its local production carry the stigma of being "tacky". On the other hand, producers, singers, composers and other social actors related to the brega scene in Belém do Pará make use of this stigmatization in order to establish tecnobrega as resistance music (ambiguously) contesting the mainstream culture whereas mirroring itself in the mainstream. From inside this scenario, I attempt to point out and discuss the re-signification of what in Brazil has been vulgarized as a "degraded" musical style departing from the hypothesis that tecnobrega is an artistic expression of a cosmopolitan character and its production is the consequence of acting/being cosmopolitan which is reflected in behaviors, cultural/musical practices and in its sound discourse. The notion of cosmopolitanism (here theorized as intercrossed time and space), stigma and the relativization of the idea of music of and for the periphery are analyzed on the grounds of the observation of urban spaces, of 'individual trajectories' of brega artists in performances and music production, multimedia and technologies that characterize tecnobrega. Cosmopolitanism and globalization, media and technologies, localism and identity construction are treated within a theoretical perspective which juxtaposes Ethnomusicology, Sociology, and Social Anthropology.

Esta pesquisa etnográfica focaliza a produção do tecnobrega, uma modalidade de música eletrônica considerada de "mau gosto" estético, associada às periferias da cidade de Belém (Capital do Pará, no norte do Brasil) e a indivíduos/grupos sociais pertencentes a esses espaços urbanos. Consiste basicamente no resultado de manipulações computacionais de timbres, ritmos e melodias realizadas em estúdios por produtores musicais, ainda que o tecnobrega não se encontre relacionado exclusivamente à síntese digital sonora. O seu surgimento/assentamento local, nos anos 2000, remonta o estabelecimento do brega no Brasil, a partir da década de 1960, como um tipo de música alçada ao plano do "povo" através de um discurso midiático nacional de distinção sociocultural concebido no seio das classes médias urbanas emergentes. Igualmente ao brega, o tecnobrega (uma techno-versão do brega, pelo que o próprio nome sugere) também se destaca como música estigmatizada, tanto quanto personagens ligados ao universo da produção musical local carregam o estigma de ser "brega". Por outro lado, produtores, cantores, compositores, entre outros atores sociais que integram a cena musical brega de Belém do Pará se servem da condição de estigmatizados para erigir o tecnobrega como música de resistência, ao mesmo tempo (e ambiguamente) contestando a cultura "dominante" e nela se espelhando. De dentro do campo desta música, busco nesta tese apontar e discutir a re-significação daquilo que no país se vulgarizou como música "degradada", partindo da hipótese de que o tecnobrega consiste em expressão de caráter cosmopolita, assim como a sua produção é conseqüência de um ser/agir cosmopolita refletido em comportamentos, práticas culturais/musicais e no discurso sonoro. A noção de cosmopolitismo, teorizada neste trabalho em termos de tempos e espaços entrecruzados, bem como a dupla acepção do estigma e a relativização da idéia de música de e para a periferia, são analisadas com base na observação de espaços urbanos, em "trajetórias individuais" de artistas brega, em performances e na produção musical, multimídia e tecnológica que caracteriza o tecnobrega. Cosmopolitismo e globalização, mídias e tecnologias, regionalismo e construção de identidades aparecem como questões tratadas dentro de um campo teórico amplo que intersecta a Etnomusicologia, a Sociologia e a Antropologia Social. / This ethnographic research focuses on the production of tecnobrega, a type of electronic music which is considered to be of "bad aesthetic taste" associated to the outskirts of Belém (the capital city of Pará, a state in northern Brazil) as well as to the individuals/social groups belonging to these urban spaces. Tecnobrega consists of computer-manipulated studio-based timbers, rhythms, and melodies, though tecnobrega is not exclusively linked to digital media. Its emergence/local record in the 2000's resorts to the establishment of the brega (tacky) music in Brazil throughout the 1960's, as a type of music led to the sphere of the "populace" through a national mediated discourse of sociocultural distinction conceived within the emerging urban middle classes. As with the brega music, tecnobrega (a technology-based version of brega, as the name itself indicates) is also a stigmatized music in as much as the social actors related to its local production carry the stigma of being "tacky". On the other hand, producers, singers, composers and other social actors related to the brega scene in Belém do Pará make use of this stigmatization in order to establish tecnobrega as resistance music (ambiguously) contesting the mainstream culture whereas mirroring itself in the mainstream. From inside this scenario, I attempt to point out and discuss the re-signification of what in Brazil has been vulgarized as a "degraded" musical style departing from the hypothesis that tecnobrega is an artistic expression of a cosmopolitan character and its production is the consequence of acting/being cosmopolitan which is reflected in behaviors, cultural/musical practices and in its sound discourse. The notion of cosmopolitanism (here theorized as intercrossed time and space), stigma and the relativization of the idea of music of and for the periphery are analyzed on the grounds of the observation of urban spaces, of 'individual trajectories' of brega artists in performances and music production, multimedia and technologies that characterize tecnobrega. Cosmopolitanism and globalization, media and technologies, localism and identity construction are treated within a theoretical perspective which juxtaposes Ethnomusicology, Sociology, and Social Anthropology.

In this thesis basic principles of sound system design are presented. A software simulation in Matlab is written for prediction of sound field with sources of real directivity in both freefield and in a closed room using velocity potential. Reflections are simulated using mirror sources of first and second order. Frequency dependent sound absorption coefficients are implemented in the simulation. There is a GUI designed to operate on most common horizontal configurations. Those are then evaluated and advantages and dissadvantages are demonstrated using the simulation software.

No description available.

This diploma thesis deals with issues of low frequency acoustics and simulation. In this work the FTDT method of simulation is used. Measuring and simulation are focused on live-sound system and are evaluated using basic sound system optimisation techniques. Main output of this work is verification of basic low-frequency acoustics principles using simulation and measuring.

Text in English / Negation and tense markers in the verb structure have been the subject of diverse linguistic descriptions, especially in Bantu languages. In Mozambique, however, many Bantu languages, including Cilenge, have not been sufficiently studied. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to examine tense and negation in Cilenge, with special reference to the strategies used to indicate negation and various tenses, from data collected in the Valenge community in Chidenguele, Manjacaze district, Gaza province. The study has shown that this language has wide categories of the past, while the future may be closer or distant and the present appears as focused, habitual, continuous and progressive. The variation and positioning of tense markers are mainly determined by the characteristics of the verb root. In relation to negation, Cilenge employs three strategies: the negative concord, the post-initial and the post-verbal. In some contexts, negative markers may also signal tense. / African Languages / M.A. (African Languages)