The trend of new drugs entering the drug market has intensified in South Africa. Currently in South Africa, there is a fairly new drug on the market known as nyaope which is being abused mostly by the youth in the townships. Nyaope is a drug consisting of heroin, dagga and other elements like rat poison, cleaning detergents and even crushed antiretroviral drugs. Failure to find a solution to drug abuse can lead to economic problems and handicap the social development of the country, as well as threatening the life and health of the people involved. In the South African context, the value of aftercare has been downplayed and there has been relatively little emphasis on aftercare and reintegration services in both research and practice. Therefore, it was the goal of this study to explore and describe the aftercare needs of nyaope users from both the users' and the significant others' points of view in Hammanskraal. In order to achieve this goal, a qualitative research was adopted to explore and describe the aftercare needs of nyaope users from both the users' and the significant others' points of view. Due to the nature of the study, the researcher had two sampling groups, namely (1) nyaope users and (2) significant others. The study was guided by a collective case study design. Semi-structured interviews were used as a data collection method for this study and two distinct interview schedules were developed and used for nyaope users and significant others, respectively. The researcher aimed at answering the following two research questions: (1) "Based on the views of nyaope users, what are the aftercare needs of nyaope users in the Hammanskraal community?"; and (2) "Based on the views of significant others, what are the aftercare needs of nyaope users in the Hammanskraal community?" From the raw data, the researcher implemented thematic analysis as stipulated by Braun and Clarke (2006) in analysing the data. The researcher used credibility and triangulation in establishing the trustworthiness of the data analysis. The findings from the two sets of samples were unpacked in three sections, namely, findings from the nyaope users, from significant others and the combined data with the aim of triangulation. The key findings from nyaope users and the significant others are as follows: The key findings from nyaope users were that nyaope use has a negative impact on the physical, psychological, spiritual well-being of the users. Causes of relapse were identified as a lack of support from the government and family members, personal problems that users encounter during the recovery process, going back to the same environment and being coerced to go for treatment. Furthermore, nyaope users indicated that they value the trust of community members that is often lost and can be regained by a change of lifestyles following treatment and getting volunteering opportunities in order to create awareness at local schools. The users indicated that they could achieve total abstinence if they can change the type of lifestyle they were living before, such strategies include going for treatment, adopting a more conducive and healthy lifestyle, get adequate support from their families, attending group sessions following treatment, the implementation of an adequate aftercare programme that could assist in preventing relapse, the creation of employment and spiritual support during and post treatment. The key findings from the significant others were that families are victims of theft due to nyaope users' stealing to sustain their habits. As a result significant others are left with feelings of disappointment and hurt. Nyaope also impacts negatively on family relationships in a manner that there is a lack of communication and ineffective communication among family members. The significant others identified the causes of relapse as a lack of educational programmes in communities, high unemployment rate, a lack of spiritual support, inadequate aftercare programmes and the return to the same community and friends following treatment. Significant others also indicated that nyaope users require volunteering opportunities in communities as a form of reintegration and that nyaope users need to change their lifestyles following treatment in order to regain trust from the community. Significant others recommended that nyaope users require support from family, spiritual support from spiritual leaders and psychosocial support in order for them to maintain total abstinence. / Mini Dissertation (MSW)--University of Pretoria, 2016. / Social Work and Criminology / MSW / Unrestricted

No abstract available / Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Centre for Human Rights / unrestricted

Sedert die vestiging van die kerk aan die suidpunt van Afrika, het die gereformeerde godsdiens 'n belangrike deel uitgemaak van die Suid-Afrikaanse kerkgeskiedenis. Deur die toedoen van predikante soos ds. Andrew Murray, het 'n nuwe evangeliese bewuswording posgevat wat mense laat vra het na wedergeboorte, bekering en heiligmaking. 'n Ernstige soeke na die werking van die Heilige Gees het, na baie gebed, uitgeloop op die bekende herlewings laat in die vorige eeu. Hierdie opwekkings het 'n aptyt gewek vir die ongewone en daarmee saam het 'n ontevredenheid geheers oor die swak geestelike toestand in die Ned.Geref.Kerk. In pogings wat aangewend is om te voldoen aan die geestelike behoefte van lidmate en om die onbekeerdes te bereik, het die Ned.Geref.Kerk met spesiale evangelieprediking begin. Intussen kom meer as een beweging, hoofsaaklik weens buitelandse invloede, die Kerk binne. Die vernaamste doelwit van hierdie bewegings was om op verskeie vlakke van die samelewing die boodskap van bekering en heiligmaking te bevorder. Hoewel sekere predikante en lidmate kon getuig van 'n besliste bekeringsmoment in hulle lewe, was dit nie verteenwoordigend van die res van die kerklike publiek nie. Enkeles het ook 'n definitiewe heiligmakingsondervinding voorgestaan. Hierdie verwikkelinge het die besef laat ontstaan dat Metodistiese invloede in 'n baie groot mate die Kerk begin infiltreer het en daarom is enige poging ter bevordering van wedergeboorte, bekering en heiligmaking met agterdog bejeen. Terselfdertyd het, deur die invloed van dr. Abraham Kuyper, 'n oplewing van Calvinisme ontstaan wat verdere druk geplaas het op die evangelies-bevindelike stroom in die land. Beskuldigings van Metodistiese geesdrywery, gevoelvolle prediking en allerlei vorme van opsweping moes aangehoor word. Om die situasie te vererger, word twee predikante van hul gemeenteverpligtinge losgemaak en hou as sogenaamde Los predikante konferensies landwyd. Saam met die invloed van die A.E.B. word die kloof tussen Calvinisme en Metodisme groter. Met die stigting van Die Nuwe Protestantse Kerk (Evangelies-Gereformeerde Kerk) in 1944 onder die Ieiding van dr. D.J.J. de Vos, skaar die ondersteuners van die Los predikante en die A.E.B. hulle by hom. Intussen kristalliseer 'n verskeidenheid leerstellige standpunte in die Ned.Geref.Kerk uit wat wissel van 'n strenge verbondsteologie (waarin wedergeboorte latent plaasvind) tot 'n meer Metodisties-gekleurde interpretasie van die heilsweg waar wedergeboorte neerkom op 'n bewustelike ondervinding. By laasgenoemde groep het heiligmaking sterk geneig in die rigting van perfeksionisme. Die oorsprong van hierdie groep kan teruggevoer word na sekere teoloë wat rondom die eeuwending aktief betrokke was, asook na die invloed van buitelandse evangeliesgesindes. Die verbondsteoloë daarenteen, wou getrou aan hul Nederlandse erfenis nie afsien van die suiwer Calvinistiese leer nie. In die Ned.Geref.Kerk het hierdie twee strominge in 'n groot mate saamgewerk sonder dat die Metodistiese invloede die Kerk leerstellig van die spoor laat afwyk het. Die evangeliese invloed, met die praktiese beoefening van wedergeboorte, bekering en heiligmaking kon ook verder bydra tot die verdieping van gereformeerde spiritualiteit in die Ned.Geref.Kerk. Die slotsom waartoe die kandidaat kom is dat gereformeerde spiritualiteit in die Ned.Geref.Kerk grootliks hand aan hand loop met die evangeliese inslag in hierdie Kerk en dat die term "Metodisme" dikwels verkeerdelik aan hierdie groepering gekoppel is. ENGLISH: Since the founding of the church at the southern tip of Africa, reformed religion played an important part in the history of the church in the South African context. Through the contribution of the ministers like dr. Andrew Murray, a new evangelical awakening arose which inspired people to enquire about rebirth, conversion and sanctification. An earnest search after the work of the Holy Spirit resulted after much prayer, in the well-known revival towards the latter part of the previous century. These conversions awakened the appetite for the unusual and, with that, a dissatisfaction about the spiritual well-being of the church reigned. By attempting to comply with the spiritual need of members as well as trying to reach the heathens, the Dutch Reformed Church began a special evangelical preaching programme. In the meantime more than one movement, mostly as a result of international influence, infiltrated the church. The prime object of these movements were to promote the message of salvation and sanctification. Although some ministers and members could testify to a decisive moment of rebirth in their lives, this was not representative of the rest of the churchgoing public. Individuals claimed a definite experience of sanctification. These developments allowed for the relations that the Methodist influence, to a large extend, were beginning to infiltrate the church and thus any attempt to promote the concepts of rebirth, conversion and sanctification were treated with suspicion. Simultaneously, through the influence of dr. Abraham Kuyper, resurgence of Calvinism began which placed further pressure on the Evangelicals in the country. Accusation of Methodist practices, emotional preaching and various forms of incitement had to be heard. To worsen the situation, two ministers were relieved of their ministerial duties and held, as so-called "Loose ministers" country-wide conferences. The influence of the A.E.B. contributed to the rift between Calvinism and the Methodists widening. With the founding of the New Protestant Church (Evangelical Reformed Church) in 1944 under the auspices of dr. D.J.J. de Vos, the supporters of the "Loose ministers" and the A.E.B. rallied to his support. In the meantime a variety of doctrinal viewpoints crystalised in the Dutch Reformed Church. These vary from a strictly covenant theology (wherein rebirth is latently present) to a more Methodist inclined interpretation of the root to salvation where rebirth is interpreted as a concious experience. With the latter salvation was strongly inclined towards perfectionism. The origin of the group can be attributed to various theologians who were active at the turn of the century, as well as the influence of international evangelists. In contrast the covenant theologians did not want to waive from their pure Calvinism. In the Dutch Reformed Church these two streams worked together to a large extend, without the Methodist influences deviating them from their tracts. The evangelical influence, with the practical practise of rebirth, conversion and sanctification can further contribute to the deepening of the spirituality of the Dutch Reformed Church. The final conclusion reached is that reformed spirituality in the Dutch Reformed Church can to a large extent be related to its evangelical inclination and that the exponents of this trent were falsely accused of Methodism. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 1997. / Church History and Church Policy / unrestricted

Many forums have been recently organised in South Africa to discuss the level of State intervention in the minerals sector, the expropriation of private mining companies, and the transfer of mineral wealth to the people. The objective of this research was to explore the possible impact that the nationalisation and the introduction of a resource rent tax will have on the capability of platinum mining companies to create sustainable employment while remaining profitable in South Africa.The research was qualitative and exploratory in nature. The sampling frame included major platinum group metals companies, which constitute an industry concentration of more than 50 per cent. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 13 senior managers and executives from the platinum mining industry.The results have shown that nationalisation of platinum mines, where the government has total ownership or majority control of the company, will not create sustainable employment in South Africa. In addition, nationalisation of mines will isolate South Africa from external capital because private investors have been reluctant to put their money where mining companies were nationalised, especially in Africa. Although the introduction of a resource rent tax may be viable in a short term, it is believed that the competitiveness of mining companies operating in South Africa will be compromised. / Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS) / unrestricted

MA (English) / Department of English / Studies have shown that there is an increased awareness and direct engagement with masculinity/masculinities creation in South African fictional novels written in the post-2000 epoch. The sensitivity to the construction of black men’s masculinities creation in fiction has been necessitated by what some scholars have termed focusing away from struggle literature and a constant misrepresentation of what black masculinity creation entails. The study placates itself around Connell and Messerschmidt’s (2005) theory of the creation of power and hegemony around men, opening spaces to explore power relations between ideal masculinity and non-hegemonic masculinity and between men and women. The study engages with novels authored by young black authors whose ideas of masculinity creations have not received academic attention. This study argues that while there are still reflections of stereotypical black men, there is a distinct breed of man seeking to perform and transcend hegemony but face a crisis as old traditions still hold. The selected primary novels for this study are Angela Makholwa’s The 30th Candle, (2009), Black Widow Society, (2013), Cynthia Jele’s Happiness is a Four Letter Word, (2010), Zukiswa Wanner’s Men of the South, (2010), Thando Mgqolozana’s A Man who is not a Man, (2009), Un-importance (2014) and Songeziwe Mahlangu’s Penumbra(2014). / NRF

No abstract available / Dissertation (MCom)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Financial Management / unrestricted

Magister Commercii - MCom / The South African banking industry is relatively sound and adequately capitalized high-tech service industry. It provides services to 51% of the economically active population. In the late 2001, 2002 and,2003, a number of small banks failed·due to liquidity crises, which subsequently spurred the momentum of consolidation in the industry. During this period, a great deal of mergers and acquisitions has taken place in the industry. The regulatory environment is in line with the Bank of International Settlements (BIS) guidelines. The regulations regarding foreign banks are evidently a barrier to foreign bank entry, which could spur the level of competition in the industry In this thesis the level of market concentration is calculated using concentration ratios, CR. and CRs, for four product markets. The concentration ratio R. ranges from 77% for investment products, 79% for deposit market, 89% for installment sales market to 95% for credit card markets. The Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (RH!) as calculated by reserve bank is 1750 by the end of year 2002, compared with the thresholds set by American Department of Justice; this falls short by only 50 from the range of the highly concentrated markets, which is above 1800 points. The methodology used to test competition, one of the new empirical industrial organization models, is the Panzar-Rosse reduced form revenue function. The P-R reduced form revenue function estimates the competitive conduct by the extent to which changes in factor price is reflected in revenue. The reduced form revenue function is estimated based on unbalanced panel of 15 banks for the period of 1993 to 2002 using fixed effects panel data econometrics. The estimated H-statistic is 0.516,

The focus of this thesis is Pieter-Dirk Uys's use of the rhetorical trope chiasmus as a satirical tool, an aspect of his work that has, to date, received little attention. The multiple nuances of 'chiasmus' are examined, pointing to the performer/persona relationship in terms of ‘ “1" create Image; Image makes "I" , (Breytenbach, 1985) and the related 'semiotic richness of stage sign-vehicles' (Elam, 1980). The primarily semiotic analyses of chiastic configurations are supported by close textual analyses throughout. Pieter-Dirk Uys's chiastic admix of his satirical pleasure/pain principle (entertainment! censure) is analysed in one newspaper article, one prose work and two revues. Uys's satire is contextualised against the background of the development of satire. The inherently chiastic mode of satire and various techniques and writing styles are explored. Contemporary society lacks definitive moral, social and political norms, and the study attempts to show how Uys entertains by decoding 'the absurdities of contemporary reality' (Fletcher, 1987:ix) as a response to the amorphous experience of living in South African society from the early 1980s until 2001. Uys's use of female characters to articulate his dissatisfaction with South Africa's socio¬political climate during the last quarter of the twentieth century is explored in a selection of three plays, four prose works and ten revues. The focus falls on his creation of female personae, particularly the sustained portrayal of his popular persona, Evita Bezuidenhout. Uys's use of 'real' and 'false disguise' (Baker, 1994) is discussed. The transvestite persona's roles of both an 'intervener' who challenges thestatus quo and alerts the public to 'cultural, social or aesthetic dissonance' and an 'interventor' or 'enabling fantasy' (Garber, 1992:6) are considered. The focus then shifts to Uys's deployment of various non-verbal sign-vehicles in his dramatic productions. Non-verbal and verbal signs are jointly responsible for the production of meaning in the theatre. Because 'theatrical signs ... acquire qualities ... that they do not have in real life' (Bogatyrev, 1938:35-6), audiences must utilise 'theatrical competence' (Elam, 1980: 87). A study of electronic recordings of eight revues reveals that Uys's non-verbal signs are as chiastic as his verbal ones. Uys's perpetuation of the Evita 'myth' as/or 'legend' is traced from her beginnings as a newspaper 'voice', to popular theatre and television personality, to the recipient of prestigious awards. Evita's current and possible future roles are considered. Uys's fabrication of Evita's family and her 'biography' is also examined as contributory to the legend, exploring Evita's metamorphosis from a housewife to a political figurehead who conflates fictional and real life exploits with South African politicians - a strategy through which Uys appears to align himself with current feminist issues. The slippage between fact and fiction has interesting consequences for Uys's level of control over his Evita persona, who seems occasionally to control him. This thesis concludes with a review of the aims and rationale of the study, providing a broad synopsis of the main findings and looking at its limitations. Finally, it suggests possible areas for further research. / Thesis (DLitt (English))--University of Pretoria, 2001. / Modern European Languages / unrestricted

The use of medicinal plants in the treatment of infectious diseases is an acceptable and popular phenomenon in South Africa and worldwide. The potential of extracts from these plants as antimicrobial agents necessitates their scientific evaluation. Therefore, this study evaluated the antimicrobial activity of Carpobrotus edulis; Cotyledon orbiculata; Datura stramonium; Dodonaea angustifolia; and Zanthoxylum capense against Porphyromonas gingivalis; Tannerella forsythensis and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitan. Given that most currently used drugs are cytotoxic, the possible cytotoxic effect of these medicinal plants on human periodontal ligaments fibroblasts and human gingival fibroblasts was also determined. The modified broth micro dilution method incorporating resazurin as an indicator of cell growth in 96-well microtitre plates was used to determine the antibacterial activity of the test plants extracts. The extracts showed some significant antibacterialactivity against Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythensis and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. The activity varied with respect to individual test bacteria. Their minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranged from 10 to 0.01mg.mr-l. All bacteria tested were inhibited by the highest concentration of the selected plant extracts ( 1 Omg.ml-1). The MTT [3-( 4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide] method was used to determine the cytotoxic effect of test extracts. All extracts tested with the exception of Carpobrotus edulis, inhibited the growth of both human periodontal ligament fibroblasts and human gingival fibroblasts at the tested dilutions, with the cytotoxicity levels being directly related to the concentration of the extracts. The extract of Carpobrotus edulis, inhibited the tested cells at 10-1 for human periodontal ligaments fibroblasts and ≥ 2: 10-2 for human gingival fibroblasts. All other tested concentrations of Carpobrotus edulis extracts enhanced the growth of both human periodontal ligaments and human gingival fibroblasts. The study provided a scientific evidence of the important role that medicinal plants play as antibacterial agents in the treatment of oral infections. / Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2009. / Community Dentistry / unrestricted

Submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF LITERATURE and PHILOSOPHY In the subject of Communication Science at the University of Zululand, 2007. / This dissertation presents the results of an analysis of corporate social investment and HIV/Aids programmes in South African corporations. The study measures the growing debate over the responsibilities of business and the examination of Corporate Social Investment (CSI) programmes and communication strategies used in HIV/Aids awareness programmes by the top 100 listed companies on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE). The first part of the study reviews theories and literature relevant to defining the understanding and the impact of HIV/Aids on businesses, the idea of corporate social investment/responsibility and the business response to AIDS. Subsequent chapters describe the construction of a survey instrument employed to measure and evaluate the extent of CSI and HIV/Aids in South African corporations and the findings of the survey. Penultimate chapters blend the insights gained from this literature review to interpret the results, obtained through the quantitative research methodology, to describe a set of conclusions and recommendations in the context of applying corporate social investment -and HIV/Aids to the South African business environment. / National Research Foundation (NRF)