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80 Fathoms Deepde Cola, Marianna Rosa 13 June 2011 (has links)
The history of Newfoundland is intimately tied to its relationship with the sea, to its island status and its consequent cultural isolation, to its reliance on fishing and more recently oil. But it is also one of tides - of prosperity and loss, migration and resettlement, of occupation and erasure. This research is an investigation into the nature of mutable landscapes – shifting settlements, resources and infrastructures. It is recognized that the needs of each community and the resources of each environment are diverse in type and supply. The spatialization of an energy infrastructure has the opportunity to link, in a dynamic system, the ecological, political, cultural, and historical constituents atomized communities. It has the potential to be a dynamic system that forces a presence in the everyday lives of a cultural habitat. This investigation tests the possibility for a contemporary energy infrastructure, usually hidden from the cultural landscape, to become a physically and culturally pronounced manifestation of a layered historical narrative. This work exhumes histories of Newfoundland and uncovers omnipresent themes of mutability, shifting, movement, and transience, presenting the history of Newfoundland as a fluctuating story of the sea. These stories not only frame the historical spatializations of Newfoundland’s population, its infrastructures, and economies through various media, but they also simultaneously outline the social and economic deficiencies of modern approaches to developing the island. Structured chronologically, the research forms the basis for an investigation into new ideas for an infrastructure off the southern coast of Newfoundland. This design project exemplifies themes of shifting and movement through a mobile, water-based energy, research, and cultural infrastructure. It is situated off the southern coast of Newfoundland and engages both the land and the sea. This thesis does not try to tame, resolve, or control the sea. The sea is always itself, ordered by its own cycles of tides, currents and ecologies. One can really only synchronize the relationships between land and sea.
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80 Fathoms Deepde Cola, Marianna Rosa 13 June 2011 (has links)
The history of Newfoundland is intimately tied to its relationship with the sea, to its island status and its consequent cultural isolation, to its reliance on fishing and more recently oil. But it is also one of tides - of prosperity and loss, migration and resettlement, of occupation and erasure. This research is an investigation into the nature of mutable landscapes – shifting settlements, resources and infrastructures. It is recognized that the needs of each community and the resources of each environment are diverse in type and supply. The spatialization of an energy infrastructure has the opportunity to link, in a dynamic system, the ecological, political, cultural, and historical constituents atomized communities. It has the potential to be a dynamic system that forces a presence in the everyday lives of a cultural habitat. This investigation tests the possibility for a contemporary energy infrastructure, usually hidden from the cultural landscape, to become a physically and culturally pronounced manifestation of a layered historical narrative. This work exhumes histories of Newfoundland and uncovers omnipresent themes of mutability, shifting, movement, and transience, presenting the history of Newfoundland as a fluctuating story of the sea. These stories not only frame the historical spatializations of Newfoundland’s population, its infrastructures, and economies through various media, but they also simultaneously outline the social and economic deficiencies of modern approaches to developing the island. Structured chronologically, the research forms the basis for an investigation into new ideas for an infrastructure off the southern coast of Newfoundland. This design project exemplifies themes of shifting and movement through a mobile, water-based energy, research, and cultural infrastructure. It is situated off the southern coast of Newfoundland and engages both the land and the sea. This thesis does not try to tame, resolve, or control the sea. The sea is always itself, ordered by its own cycles of tides, currents and ecologies. One can really only synchronize the relationships between land and sea.
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Variação de traços funcionais que estruturam comunidades vegetais em restingas / Plant traits variation that structured communities in restingasLins, Lays Klécia Silva 31 March 2017 (has links)
Functional trait-based approaches are increasingly used in plant ecology to analyse the environmental filtration observed in environmental gradients. Such analyzes allow a quantification of the functional response of plant communities to
changes occurring in a gradient, responding to abiotic and biotic drivers. Evidence
suggests that intraspecific variation, due to phenotypic plasticity or genetic diversity
and a difference in the composition of the species in question, should play a crucial
role in driving the relationship of trait values in community vs. environment. Based
on this, this dissertation presents an evaluation of the variation of functional traits
of plant species in response to environmental filters in Restingas slopes of the South Coast of Alagoas as well as a contribution of the instraespecific variation and the turnover of the species in the gradient. For this, we measured 11 functional
traits in Restinga species along a gradient by transects. We grouped plant species according to zones of gradient (zone a to zone c) and zone d (flood) and compared
individual’s traits by ANOVA. Our second analysis partitioned the contributions of species turnover and intraspecific variation to among-site variation in functional traits. Significant differences were found between averages of traits in the zones. Evaluating the influence of species turnover and intraspecific variation on the average of each characteristic found in the zone, a decomposition of the total variation showed that the turnover of the species represents a greater proportion of
the total variation of the characteristics in an intraspecific variation. Our results reveal that a community assembly is limited by environmental filters. / Recentes estudos em traços funcionais têm focado em análises para detecção da
filtragem ambiental observada em gradientes ambientais. Tais análises permitem a
quantificação da resposta funcional das comunidades de plantas às mudanças
ambientais que ocorrem num gradiente, respondendo a “drivers” abióticos e bióticos. Evidências sugerem que a variação intraespecífica, decorrente da plasticidade fenotípica ou da diversidade genética e a diferença na composição das espécies em gradientes (isto é, o turnover da espécie), deve desempenhar um
papel crucial na condução das relações valores de traços na comunidade vs ambiente. Baseado nisso, esta dissertação apresenta uma avaliação da variação
de traços funcionais de espécies de plantas em resposta a filtros ambientais em gradientes de Restingas do Litoral Sul de Alagoas bem como a contribuição da variação instraespecífica e do turnover das espécies na comunidade. Para tanto, foram medidos 11 traços funcionais em espécies de Restinga ao longo de um gradiente edáfico por meio de transectos. As espécies foram agrupadas de acordo com as zonas do gradiente e os valores médios de traços funcionais por zona foram comparados por meio de ANOVA. Depois, foram calculadas as contribuições do turnover de espécies e da variação intraespecífica nas respectivas zonas. Foram encontradas diferenças nas características funcionais das espécies entre as zonas. Avaliando a influência do turnover de espécies e da
variação intraespecífica sobre as médias de cada característica encontrada na zona, a decomposição da variação total mostrou que o turnover das espécies representou uma maior proporção da variação total da característica em comparação com a variação intraespecífica. Nossos resultados revelam, então, que a montagem da comunidade é limitada por filtros ambientais.
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Integrity assessment procedure for buffer dune systems on the Cape South Coast, South AfricaBarwell, Lauriston 03 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MScEng (Civil Engineering))--University of Stellenbosch, 2011. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The hypothesis postulated in this research, namely that the effectiveness of natural and
constructed buffer dune systems can be assessed by a set of indicators that defines the
integrity of the dune system and triggers informed management decisions, was evaluated
and proved to be essentially true.
Two key objectives, namely (1) the identification of key indicators that define the buffer
dune integrity; and (2) the development of a scientifically defendable and practical
checklist-based method of gathering qualitative information on the identified key indicators
so as to guide decision-making at municipal level formed the core of the study.
The six dune integrity indicators that collectively define the risk profile of a particular site
along the Southern Cape coastline are (1) the degree of protection from prevailing wave
energy, (2) the characteristics of the dominant winds and sand supply during the dry
season, (3) the relative height of the foredune, (4) the degree of pressure on the buffer
dune due to humans, (5) the vulnerability of the type of coastline to erosion, and (6) the
coastline stability considering the prevailing coastal processes.
The first two indicators relate to the natural (permanent) characteristics of the site and can
be defined by experts and presented in the form of a risk and vulnerability atlas layer for
direct use by non-experts. The third and fourth indicators relate directly to the
implementation of proactive assessment and appropriate management actions to ensure a
high level of buffer dune integrity. The last two indicators allow for management
intervention to reduce the vulnerability but may entail costly engineering solutions and
require expert input.
A conceptual risk profile assessment procedure and a decision support guideline
incorporating these indicators were developed and evaluated for relevance and practicality
through a series of workshops with municipal officials along the south coast of South Africa.
It was seen that although some initial basic training may be required, carrying out rapid
assessments of the environmental status of key components of an identified human–nature
system, such as a buffer dune, is practical and achievable by non-experts. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die hipotese wat in hierdie navorsing gepostuleer is, naamlik dat die doeltreffendheid van
natuurlike en geboude bufferduinstelsels geassesseer kan word deur ’n stel aanwysers wat
die integriteit van die duinstelsel bepaal en ingeligte bestuursbesluite tot gevolg het, is
getoets en bewys hoofsaaklik waar te wees.
Twee sleuteldoelwitte, naamlik (1) die identifisering van sleutelaanwysers wat die
bufferduinintegriteit bepaal; en (2) die ontwikkeling van ’n praktiese kontrolelys-gebaseerde
metode wat wetenskaplik verdedigbaar is om kwalitatiewe inligting oor die geïdentifiseerde
sleutelaanwysers in te samel ten einde besluitneming op munisipale vlak te bevorder, vorm
die kern van die studie.
Die ses duin-integriteitsaanwysers wat gesamentlik die risikoprofiel van ’n bepaalde terrein
langs die kuslyn bepaal, is (1) die graad van beskerming teen die heersende golfenergie,
(2) die kenmerke van die dominante winde en sandbron gedurende die droë seisoen, (3)
die relatiewe hoogte van die voorduin, (4) die graad van druk op die bufferduin as gevolg
van mense, (5) die eroderingskwesbaarheid van die soort kuslyn, en (6) die kuslynstabiliteit
met inagname van die kusprosesse.
Die eerste twee aanwysers het betrekking op die natuurlike (permanente) eienskappe van
die terrein en kan deur kundiges bepaal word en in die vorm van ’n kaart in ’n risiko-enkwesbaarheidsatlas
aangebied word vir direkte gebruik deur niedeskundiges. Aanwysers 3
en 4 hou direk verband met die implementering van tydige en deurlopende proaktiewe
assessering en gepaste bestuursaksies om ’n hoë vlak van bufferduinintegriteit te verseker.
Aanwysers 5 en 6 bevorder bestuursaksies om kwesbaarheid te verminder, maar kan
moontlik duur ingenieursoplossings inhou en kundige insette benodig.
’n Konseptuele risikoprofielassesseringsprosedure en ’n besluitondersteuningsriglyn wat die
aanwysers insluit, is ontwikkel en geëvalueer vir toepaslikheid en uitvoerbaarheid deur ’n
reeks werkswinkels met munisipale amptenare aan die suidkus van Suid-Afrika. Hoewel
aanvanklike basiese opleiding nodig kan wees, bly dit dat vinnige assessering van die
omgewingstatus van sleutelkomponente van ’n geïdentifiseerde mens–natuurstelsel, soos ‘n
bufferduin, prakties en haalbaar deur niedeskundiges is.
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Avaliação da interação entre circulação marinha e parâmetros socioambientais na área de proteção ambiental marinha do litoral sul (APAMLS) através de modelagem numérica / Interaction Between Circulation Assessment Navy , social and environmental parameters in the Marine Protected Area of the South Coast (APAMLS ) through Numerical Modeling .Carlos, Adelite Floriano 25 June 2015 (has links)
O complexo Estuarino Lagunar Cananéia Iguape abriga um dos ecossistemas mais preservados e sensíveis do Estado de São Paulo, tornando seu litoral Sul uma região de grande importância social e ecológica. Entretanto, a ocupação desordenada e deficiências no sistema de saneamento básico, especialmente durante os meses de verão, aliados ao aumento da influência da vazão do Rio Ribeira de Iguape na circulação local, vêm contribuindo para a alteração das condições costeiras e do estuário e aumento da poluição marinha. A circulação marinha tem um papel fundamental na dispersão ou concentração de poluentes que são despejados no meio marinho. Para analisar a influência da circulação marítima em uma das principais atividades socioeconômicas da região, a pesca, foram determinadas as características das variabilidades do nível do mar e das correntes na Área de Proteção Ambiental Marinha do Litoral Sul (APAMLS) e do Estuário Lagunar Cananéia Iguape, avaliando os efeitos meteorológicos e oceânicos na zona costeira do litoral sul do Estado de São Paulo, através de modelagem numérica. Foi elaborada uma breve caracterização socioeconômica e da atividade pesqueira dos municípios desta região, por meio de síntese de dados secundários. Pode-se constatar que, como esperado, a circulação no estuário lagunar Cananéia Iguape é fortemente influenciada pela maré astronômica na sua porção sul e pela descarga fluvial ao norte, sofrendo poucas alterações devido aos efeitos meteorológicos. Por outro lado, a circulação na área costeira que abrange a APAMLS, além de sofrer grande influência da vazão do Ribeira de Iguape ao norte, tem a magnitude das correntes intensificada pela ação dos ventos e da densidade da água. A circulação marinha influencia intensamente a pesca da região e o conhecimento desse processo é fundamental para a gestão integrada dos recursos naturais e do ambiente com o desenvolvimento sustentável do litoral sul paulista. A atividade pesqueira, que teve grande redução de importância econômica para a região, apesar de ainda ser fundamental, se apoia na captura de algumas espécies; mas os problemas associados ao exercício da pesca são complexos, necessitando de um grande esforço para serem solucionados, para que se possa alcançar um avanço atrelado à manutenção da qualidade ambiental para esta região ainda bastante preservada. O conhecimento da hidrodinâmica da região dá suporte às diretrizes de uma área de preservação, pois os efeitos da circulação marinha são marcantes na região costeira, inclusive nas zonas de pesca. Assim, o manejo da APAMLS deve considerar que as correntes são em geral mais fracas durante o verão do que nos demais períodos do ano; deste modo, a dispersão de poluentes no verão, quando ocorre o maior aporte devido ao aumento do turismo, é mais lenta do que no restante do ano. Outros aspectos da circulação marítima devem ser levados em conta nos planos de manejo, como a predominância das marés e vazões fluviais no interior do estuário e a grande influência meteorológica nas áreas costeira e de plataforma adjacentes. / The complex Estuarine Lagoon Cananeia Iguape houses one of the best preserved and sensitive ecosystems of the State of São Paulo, making its southern coast a region of great social and ecological importance. However, the disorderly occupation and deficiencies in the sanitation system, especially during the summer months, combined with the increasing influence of the flow of Iguape Ribeira River in local circulation, have contributed to the change of coastal and estuary conditions and increased marine pollution. The marine circulation plays a key role in the dispersion or concentration of pollutants that are discharged into the marine environment. To analyze the influence of ocean circulation in one of the main socio-economic activities in the region, fishing, a study was performed to determine the characteristics of the variability of sea level and currents in the Marine Protected Area of the South Coast (APAMLS) and Lagoon Estuary Cananeia Iguape, evaluating the meteorological and oceanic effects in the coastal zone of the south coast of São Paulo, through numerical modeling. A brief socioeconomic characterization about the fishing activity of the municipalities of the region was developed, through synthesis of secondary data. It can be seen that, as expected, the circulation in the lagoon estuary Cananeia Iguape is strongly influenced by the astronomical tide in its southern portion and the river discharge in the north, with small influence of weather effects. On the other hand, the circulation in the coastal area encompassing APAMLS is submitted to great influence of the flow of Iguape Ribeira in the north, and the magnitude of the currents is intensified by the wind and the water density. The marine circulation strongly influences fishing in the area and the knowledge of this process is essential for the integrated management of natural resources and the environment, to a sustainable development of São Paulo south coast. The fishing industry, which had great reduction of economic importance to the region, although still important, is based on the capture of some species; but the problems associated with fishing activity are complex, requiring a great effort to be solved, to achieve a progress to maintaining environmental quality in this still well preserved region. Knowledge of hydrodynamics of the region supports the guidelines of a conservation area , since the effects of marine circulation are striking in the coastal region, including in fisheries areas . Thus, the management of APAMLS should consider that the currents are weaker in general during the summer than in other times of the year ; thus the dispersion of pollutants in summer, when the largest contribution is due to increased tourism is slower than the rest of the year. Other aspects of ocean circulation must be taken into account in the management plans , as the dominance of the tides and river flows into the estuary and the weather great influence on coastal areas and adjacent platform.
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Avaliação da interação entre circulação marinha e parâmetros socioambientais na área de proteção ambiental marinha do litoral sul (APAMLS) através de modelagem numérica / Interaction Between Circulation Assessment Navy , social and environmental parameters in the Marine Protected Area of the South Coast (APAMLS ) through Numerical Modeling .Adelite Floriano Carlos 25 June 2015 (has links)
O complexo Estuarino Lagunar Cananéia Iguape abriga um dos ecossistemas mais preservados e sensíveis do Estado de São Paulo, tornando seu litoral Sul uma região de grande importância social e ecológica. Entretanto, a ocupação desordenada e deficiências no sistema de saneamento básico, especialmente durante os meses de verão, aliados ao aumento da influência da vazão do Rio Ribeira de Iguape na circulação local, vêm contribuindo para a alteração das condições costeiras e do estuário e aumento da poluição marinha. A circulação marinha tem um papel fundamental na dispersão ou concentração de poluentes que são despejados no meio marinho. Para analisar a influência da circulação marítima em uma das principais atividades socioeconômicas da região, a pesca, foram determinadas as características das variabilidades do nível do mar e das correntes na Área de Proteção Ambiental Marinha do Litoral Sul (APAMLS) e do Estuário Lagunar Cananéia Iguape, avaliando os efeitos meteorológicos e oceânicos na zona costeira do litoral sul do Estado de São Paulo, através de modelagem numérica. Foi elaborada uma breve caracterização socioeconômica e da atividade pesqueira dos municípios desta região, por meio de síntese de dados secundários. Pode-se constatar que, como esperado, a circulação no estuário lagunar Cananéia Iguape é fortemente influenciada pela maré astronômica na sua porção sul e pela descarga fluvial ao norte, sofrendo poucas alterações devido aos efeitos meteorológicos. Por outro lado, a circulação na área costeira que abrange a APAMLS, além de sofrer grande influência da vazão do Ribeira de Iguape ao norte, tem a magnitude das correntes intensificada pela ação dos ventos e da densidade da água. A circulação marinha influencia intensamente a pesca da região e o conhecimento desse processo é fundamental para a gestão integrada dos recursos naturais e do ambiente com o desenvolvimento sustentável do litoral sul paulista. A atividade pesqueira, que teve grande redução de importância econômica para a região, apesar de ainda ser fundamental, se apoia na captura de algumas espécies; mas os problemas associados ao exercício da pesca são complexos, necessitando de um grande esforço para serem solucionados, para que se possa alcançar um avanço atrelado à manutenção da qualidade ambiental para esta região ainda bastante preservada. O conhecimento da hidrodinâmica da região dá suporte às diretrizes de uma área de preservação, pois os efeitos da circulação marinha são marcantes na região costeira, inclusive nas zonas de pesca. Assim, o manejo da APAMLS deve considerar que as correntes são em geral mais fracas durante o verão do que nos demais períodos do ano; deste modo, a dispersão de poluentes no verão, quando ocorre o maior aporte devido ao aumento do turismo, é mais lenta do que no restante do ano. Outros aspectos da circulação marítima devem ser levados em conta nos planos de manejo, como a predominância das marés e vazões fluviais no interior do estuário e a grande influência meteorológica nas áreas costeira e de plataforma adjacentes. / The complex Estuarine Lagoon Cananeia Iguape houses one of the best preserved and sensitive ecosystems of the State of São Paulo, making its southern coast a region of great social and ecological importance. However, the disorderly occupation and deficiencies in the sanitation system, especially during the summer months, combined with the increasing influence of the flow of Iguape Ribeira River in local circulation, have contributed to the change of coastal and estuary conditions and increased marine pollution. The marine circulation plays a key role in the dispersion or concentration of pollutants that are discharged into the marine environment. To analyze the influence of ocean circulation in one of the main socio-economic activities in the region, fishing, a study was performed to determine the characteristics of the variability of sea level and currents in the Marine Protected Area of the South Coast (APAMLS) and Lagoon Estuary Cananeia Iguape, evaluating the meteorological and oceanic effects in the coastal zone of the south coast of São Paulo, through numerical modeling. A brief socioeconomic characterization about the fishing activity of the municipalities of the region was developed, through synthesis of secondary data. It can be seen that, as expected, the circulation in the lagoon estuary Cananeia Iguape is strongly influenced by the astronomical tide in its southern portion and the river discharge in the north, with small influence of weather effects. On the other hand, the circulation in the coastal area encompassing APAMLS is submitted to great influence of the flow of Iguape Ribeira in the north, and the magnitude of the currents is intensified by the wind and the water density. The marine circulation strongly influences fishing in the area and the knowledge of this process is essential for the integrated management of natural resources and the environment, to a sustainable development of São Paulo south coast. The fishing industry, which had great reduction of economic importance to the region, although still important, is based on the capture of some species; but the problems associated with fishing activity are complex, requiring a great effort to be solved, to achieve a progress to maintaining environmental quality in this still well preserved region. Knowledge of hydrodynamics of the region supports the guidelines of a conservation area , since the effects of marine circulation are striking in the coastal region, including in fisheries areas . Thus, the management of APAMLS should consider that the currents are weaker in general during the summer than in other times of the year ; thus the dispersion of pollutants in summer, when the largest contribution is due to increased tourism is slower than the rest of the year. Other aspects of ocean circulation must be taken into account in the management plans , as the dominance of the tides and river flows into the estuary and the weather great influence on coastal areas and adjacent platform.
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Relevance of a Burial Area from the Late Formative in the Ica Department, Southern Perú / Implicancias de un área funeraria del Periodo Formativo Tardío en el departamento de IcaKaulicke, Peter, Fehren-Schmitz, Lars, Kolp-Godoy, María, Landa, Patricia, Loyola, Óscar, Palma, Martha, Tomasto, Elsa, Vergel, Cindy, Vogt, Burkhard 10 April 2018 (has links)
The burial area BRiG 3117 (Coyungo) was investigated during the PABRiG (Proyecto Arqueológico Bajo Río Grande). It consists of four burial contexts with about 25 individuals (MNI) and a considerable amount of pottery, textiles and gourd fragments among others. One of the textiles is part of a famous piece housed at Dumbarton Oaks. It is the most significant and complex compound known from the south coast during Late Formative times despite its heavy previous looting. In this paper the material evidence is presented in a preliminary form and some concerning interpretations are offered. / El área funeraria BRiG 3117 (Coyungo) fue investigada en el marco del Proyecto Arqueológico Bajo Río Grande de Nazca. Se trata de un conjunto de cuatro contextos funerarios con unos 25 individuos (NMI) y una cantidad elevada de restos de cerámica, textiles, mates y otros. Uno de los fragmentos pertenece a una famosa pieza de la colección de Dumbarton Oaks. Es el conjunto más complejo y significativo del Periodo Formativo Tardío de la costa sur conocido hasta la fecha, pese a que estaba saqueado. En este trabajo se presentan las evidencias en forma preliminar y se ofrecen algunas interpretaciones al respecto.
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Disco Verde fifty years after Frédéric Engel: The first season of excavations of the Paracas archaeological project at the site / Disco Verde: 50 años después de Frédéric Engel: la primera temporada de excavaciones del Proyecto de Investigaciónes Arqueológicas Paracas en el sitioDulanto, Jahl, Accinelli, Aldo 10 April 2018 (has links)
Discovered and excavated by Frédéric Engel, Disco Verde is a key site to reconstruct a sequence of early pottery styles of the Paracas zone, in particular, and the south coast, in general. In this article, we present the preliminary results of the Paracas Archaeological Project excavations at the site, especially in relation to the stratigraphy, chronometry and associated ceramic styles. / Descubierto y excavado hace más de 50 años por Frédéric Engel, Disco Verde es un sitio clave para construir una secuencia deestilos de vasijas de cerámica tempranos de la zona de Paracas en particular y la costa sur en general. En este artículo, presentamoslos resultados preliminares de las excavaciones del Proyecto de Investigaciones Arqueológicas en Disco Verde, especialmente, en lo concerniente a la estratigrafía, la cronometría y los estilos de cerámica asociados.
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Wari en Palpa y Nasca: perspectivas desde el punto de vista funerarioIsla, Johny A. 10 April 2018 (has links)
Wari in Palpa and Nasca: Perspectives from Funerary Point of ViewThis paper presents new evidences of Wari presence in the Palpa-Nasca region, on Peru's south coast. On the basis of the study of more than 200 intact mortuary contexts from both Nasca and Wari cultures, patterns in the mortuary customs of the people living in the Palpa and Nasca valleys during the Middle Horizon are described. In order to identify diagnostic changes the principal characteristics of the Nasca and Wari funerary contexts were recorded and compared (based primarily on associations with Loro or Chakipampa ceramic styles, respectively). These changes were also analyzed in light of evidence available from similar contexts in the Ayacucho region. Details of the tomb construction, associated materials, and particularly the mortuary treatment of the individuals, indicate that the funerary customs during the Middle Horizon changed substantially when compared with those of the Nasca culture. I argue that these changes document the formation of a new political and social order imposed by the Wari culture. / Este artículo expone nuevas evidencias relacionadas con la presencia wari en la cuenca del río Grande, en la costa sur del Perú. En base al estudio de más de 200 contextos funerarios intactos de las culturas Nasca y Wari, se describen los cambios ocurridos en las costumbres funerarias de las poblaciones establecidas en los valles de Palpa y Nasca durante el Horizonte Medio. Para identificar tales cambios, se han documentado las principales características de los contextos funerarios nasca y wari (principalmente de los estilos Loro y Chakipampa) y se han establecido comparaciones entre ambas. Estos cambios se discuten a la luz de evidencias disponibles de contextos similares encontrados en la región de Ayacucho. Los detalles de la construcción de las estructuras funerarias, los materiales asociados y, especialmente, el tratamiento de los individuos, indican que las costumbres funerarias durante el Horizonte Medio cambiaron de manera sustancial con respecto a aquellas de la cultura Nasca. En tal sentido, se plantea que estos cambios ocurrieron debido al establecimiento de un nuevo orden político y social promovido por la cultura Wari.
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O turismo de sol e praia no litoral sul de Sergipe : uma análise sob a perspectiva dos modelos Sistur e Talc / THE SUN AND BEACH TOURISM IN SOUTH COAST SERGIPE: an analysis from the perspective of models Sistur and Talc.Lima, Letícia Bianca Barros de Moraes 20 June 2011 (has links)
This theory has as central objective to analyze the relationship of the phenomenon of the sun and beach tourism in the South Coast of Sergipe and the subject of research (usual tourist, second residence s tourism and local population), it constitutes an analysis of the spacetemporary
diffusion of the sun and beach tourism and the manifestation of the second residence in the South Coast of Sergipe under the perspective of the models SISTUR of Beni (1988) and TALC of Butler (1980). The study had as conductive thread the relationship geography and tourism with emphasis in the debate of the categories of the science geographical territory, landscape and place. The research had as base the deductive method orientated by a systemic vision and the investigation process adopted the methodological procedures of rising bibliographical, documental, cartographic and statistical; elaboration of the study itinerary; field research; analysis and interpretation of the results. The research
instruments used in field were questionnaires with open and closed subjects quantified by the scale of Likert in order to measure the degree of agreement/disagreement of the subject of research. The research elucidates the appearance of the sun and beach tourism in the occident from his invention to his structuring in Brazil and in the Northeast emphasizing scientific studies about the environment and the tourism, besides presenting the territorial and tourist
scenery of the South Coast of Sergipe, approaching the historical process of occupation, the territorial system and the dynamics demographic, environmental and socioeconomic. The analysis of the instruments of territorial planning i) Coastal Management Program (GERCO); ii) Program of Development of the Tourism in the Northeast (PRODETUR); iii) Project ORLA and their Plans of Municipal Intervention; iv) Area of Environmental Protection (APA) South Coast; v) Economical-Ecological Zoning (ZEE); and vi) Master plans identified the main impacts of these in the tourist activity of the destiny. The results of SISTUR demonstrated that the basic and tourist infrastructures of the South Coast of Sergipe are not still enough to attract a maintainable flow of sun and beach tourist, and the application of TALC verified that the current apprenticeship of the sun tourism and beach is in the beginning of the apprenticeship of the development in the South Coast of Sergipe, characterized by the prevalence of the tourism of second residence. The territorial and tourist model of the South Coast of Sergipe is marked by the territorialized dynamics of the second residence s tourism
that added to the investments avidness mainly of PRODETUR I and II they stimulated the growth and the consolidation of the production of this modality of tourism in the area. This
way, it is ended that the partner-space practices of the leisure and second residence s tourism they accelerated the process of transformation of the landscape and they will establish the production of new tourist territories in the South Coast of Sergipe. Consequently, this study moves forward in the understanding of the models space - storms and of the politics returned to the valorization of the areas of beaches. / Esta tese tem como objetivo central analisar a relação do fenômeno do turismo de sol e praia no Litoral Sul de Sergipe e os sujeitos de pesquisa (turista usual, turista de segunda residência e população local), constitui uma análise da difusão espaço-temporal do turismo de sol e praia e da manifestação da segunda residência no Litoral Sul de Sergipe sob a perspectiva dos modelos SISTUR de Beni (1988) e do TALC de Butler (1980). O estudo teve como fio condutor a relação geografia e turismo com ênfase no debate das categorias da ciência geográfica território, paisagem e lugar. A pesquisa teve como base o método dedutivo norteado por uma visão sistêmica e o processo de investigação adotou os procedimentos metodológicos de levantamento bibliográfico, documental, cartográfico e estatístico; elaboração do roteiro de estudo; pesquisa de campo; análise e interpretação dos resultados. Os instrumentos de pesquisa utilizados em campo foram questionários com questões abertas e fechadas quantificadas pela escala de Likert a fim de mensurar o grau de
concordância/discordância dos sujeitos de pesquisa. A pesquisa elucida o surgimento do turismo de sol e praia no ocidente desde a sua invenção até a sua estruturação no Brasil e no Nordeste enfatizando estudos científicos sobre o meio ambiente e o turismo, além de apresentar o cenário territorial e turístico do Litoral Sul de Sergipe, abordando o seu processo histórico de ocupação, seu sistema territorial e sua dinâmica demográfica, ambiental e socioeconômica. A análise dos instrumentos de ordenamento territorial i) Programa Nacional de Gerenciamento Costeiro (GERCO); ii) Programa de Desenvolvimento do Turismo no Nordeste (PRODETUR); iii) Projeto ORLA e seus Planos de Intervenção Municipal; iv) Área de Proteção Ambiental (APA) Litoral Sul; v) Zoneamento Econômico-Ecológico (ZEE); e vi) Planos Diretores identificou os principais impactos destes na atividade turística do destino. Os resultados do SISTUR demonstraram que as infra-estruturas básicas e turísticas do Litoral Sul de Sergipe ainda não são suficientes para atrair um fluxo sustentável de turistas de sol e praia, e a aplicação do TALC verificou que o estágio atual do turismo de sol e praia encontra-se no início do estágio do desenvolvimento no Litoral Sul de Sergipe, caracterizado pelo predomínio do turismo de segunda residência. O modelo territorial e turístico do Litoral Sul de Sergipe é marcado pela dinâmica territorializadora do turismo de segunda residência que
somada aos investimentos advindos principalmente do PRODETUR I e II estimularam o crescimento e a consolidação da produção desta modalidade de turismo na região. Desta
forma, conclui-se que as práticas sócio-espaciais do lazer e do turismo de segunda residência aceleraram o processo de transformação da paisagem e estabelecerão a produção de novos territórios turísticos no Litoral Sul de Sergipe. Por conseguinte, este estudo avança na compreensão dos modelos espaço - temporais e das políticas voltadas à valorização das zonas de praias.
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