Submitted by Jaqueline Silva (jtas29@gmail.com) on 2014-10-03T17:02:29Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Nilceana Maya Aires Freitas - 2010.pdf: 5966698 bytes, checksum: ac1ee483bce9ed1738a4d2603984d1ea (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Jaqueline Silva (jtas29@gmail.com) on 2014-10-03T20:41:10Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Nilceana Maya Aires Freitas - 2010.pdf: 5966698 bytes, checksum: ac1ee483bce9ed1738a4d2603984d1ea (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-03T20:41:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Nilceana Maya Aires Freitas - 2010.pdf: 5966698 bytes, checksum: ac1ee483bce9ed1738a4d2603984d1ea (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-09-24 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Goiás - FAPEG / OBJECTIVE: To study the behavior of breast cancer incidence in the city of Goiania/Goias, during the specified period of years, according to the age group and geospatial distribution. METHODS: In order to achieve our objectives, we conducted three distinctive studies, as described below: Study I: This study sought to verify the Average Annual Percentage Change (AAPC) of breast cancer incidence in Goiania, per decade of life. It used the database of the Population Based Cancer Registries of Goiania (RCBPGo), between 1988 and 2003. During this period, it was registered 3,310 new cases of female breast cancer. The incidence of both crude and standardized rates, this is adjusted by Segi’s World population, were calculated per age groups at each 10 years. Poisson Regression was used to calculate the AAPC for these age groups. Study II: Studied breast cancer incidence trends in young women, in Goiania, during the same period of time (1988 to 2003). The women were divided in three age groups: young women, younger than 39 years old;; women between 40 and 59 years old;; and women above 60 years old. To conduct this study, the annual incidence was calculated by the respective age groups. It was calculated the AAPC and the linear regression. The latter was used to obtain the correlation coefficient and the determination coefficient. Study III: The database of the Population Based Cancer Registries of Goiania (RCBPGo) was updated in this study until 2006;; therefore, this analysis covered a period of 19 years, in which there were 4,155 new cases of breast cancer. Each incident case was distributed geospatially, and the truncated incidences of women above 30 years old was calculated in each sanitary district. It was also calculated the AAPC for the districts and the change in the female population growth in each district. RESULTS: In Study I, it was observed that the AAPC of the total crude rate incidence was of 7.18% per year (IC 95% = 6.1 – 8.3;; p < 0.001), from 1988 to 2003;; and that the AAPC of the standardized incidence was of 4.86% per year (IC 95% = 3.8 – 5.9;; p < 0.001). The age group which presented the highest growth was the group of women between the age of 50 and 59 (6.3%;; IC 95% = 4.5 – 8.0;; p < 0.001). There was a significant raise of the AAPC breast cancer incidence for all age groups, except the age group of 20 to 29 year old women (p = 0.13). In Study II the AACP of the women until 39 years old (the group of young women) was of 5.22% (IC 95% = 2.91 – 7.54), and it was lower than the one observed in women above 40 years old. The coefficient of determination of young women incidence was R2 = 0.52 (p < 0.003). The Study III demonstrated that the total truncated incidence during the 19 year period of study was of 86/100,000 cases. Campinas Centre was the district with the highest incidence with 118/100,000 cases of breast cancer. The Northwest district presented the highest AAPC of 20% (IC 95% = 7.2 – 36.4;; p = 0.02). In spite of that, the highest population growth happened in the West district with rates of 71%. CONCLUSION: Within the period studied, the incidence of breast cancer in Goiania increased significantly in all age groups. Such growth, however, happened in an uneven way in the different sanitary districts. The highest incidences were observed in the Centre and South districts. The raise of breast cancer incidence presented low correlation with the female population growth in all the districts of Goiania. This founding, therefore, indicates that the causes of such raise should be further studied in this population. / OBJETIVO: Estudar o comportamento da incidência do câncer de mama na cidade de Goiânia/Goiás através dos anos, de acordo com os grupos etários e sua distribuição geoespacial. MÉTODOS: Para atingir nossos objetivos foram conduzidos três trabalhos descritos a seguir. Trabalho I: Buscou-­se verificar a mudança percentual da média anual (MPMA) da incidência do câncer de mama em Goiânia por década de vida. Utilizou-­se o banco de dados do Registro de Câncer de Base Populacional de Goiânia (RCBPGo), no período de 1988 a 2003, quando foram registrados 3.310 novos casos de câncer de mama, no sexo feminino. As taxas de incidências, tanto bruta, quanto padronizada, ou seja, ajustada pela população mundial de Segi, foram calculadas por grupos etários a cada 10 anos, e calculou-­se a MPMA utilizando-­se a regressão de Poisson, para esses grupos etários. Trabalho II: Estudou-­se a tendência da incidência do câncer de mama, em mulheres jovens, em Goiânia, pelo mesmo período de 16 anos (1988 a 2003). As mulheres foram divididas em grupos etários: mulheres jovens com idade abaixo de 39 anos, mulheres entre 40 e 59 anos e, 60 anos acima. Para isso calculou-­se a incidência anual pelos respectivos grupos etários, o MPMA e o coeficiente de correlação e de determinação para a análise de regressão linear. Trabalho III: O banco de dados do RCBPGo foi atualizado até 2006, sendo incluídos nesta análise 19 anos, com 4.155 casos novos de câncer de mama. Foi realizada a distribuição geoespacial de cada caso incidente e calculadas as incidências truncadas para mulheres acima de 30 anos de idade em cada distrito sanitário. Também foram calculadas a MPMA para os distritos e a mudança do crescimento da população feminina em cada distrito. RESULTADOS: No trabalho I foi observado que a MPMA da taxa total de incidência bruta foi de 7,18% ao ano (IC 95% = 6,1 – 8,3;; p < 0,001), de 1988 a 2003, e que a MPMA da taxa total de incidência padronizada foi de 4,86% ao ano (IC 95% = 3,8 – 5,9;; p < 0,001). A faixa etária que teve o maior crescimento da MPMA foi a de mulheres com 50 a 59 anos (6,3%;; IC 95% = 4,5 – 8,0;; p < 0,001). Houve aumento significante da MPMA da incidência do câncer de mama em todas as faixas etárias, exceto para a faixa de 20 a 29 anos (p = 0,13). No trabalho II as mulheres com até 39 anos de idade (mulheres jovens) a MPMA foi de 5,22% (IC 95% = 2,91 -­ 7,54), sendo inferior àquela observada para as mulheres acima de 40 anos. O coeficiente de determinação da incidência para as mulheres jovens foi de R2 = 0,52 (p < 0,003). O trabalho III mostrou que a incidência truncada total nos 19 anos foi de 86/100.000 casos. O distrito de maior incidência foi o Campinas Centro com 118/100.000 casos de câncer de mama. O distrito Noroeste foi o que apresentou a maior MPMA com 20% (IC 95% 7,2 – 36,4;; p = 0,02), no entanto, a maior taxa de crescimento populacional ficou no distrito Oeste com 71%. CONCLUSÕES: A incidência do câncer de mama em Goiânia foi crescente, aumentando significativamente no período estudado, em todas as faixas etárias, e de maneira desigual nos distritos sanitários. As maiores incidências foram observadas nos distrito Centro e Sul. O crescimento da incidência apresentou fraca correlação com o crescimento da população feminina, em todos os distritos de Goiânia, indicando que as causas desse aumento devam ser mais bem estudadas nessa população.

São apresentados resultados de coletas de mosquitos culicídeos realizadas de 1978 a 1983 em área de matas residuais, representando ambiente modificado por ação antrópica, na região do Vale do Ribeira, Estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Pretendeu-se esclarecer aspectos do comportamento de populações de mosquitos (Diptera:Culicidae) na fase adulta, com ênfase na distribuição horizontal e vertical. Como técnica de coleta, foi utilizada a armadilha CDC, com e sem isca animal (galinha doméstica Gallus gallus). Para algumas espécies foram construídos gráficos de distribuição sazonal. No geral, as espécies ou grupos que se destacaram entre as mais frequentes foram: Culex(Culex)spp., Aedes(Ochlerotatus) seratus, Culex(Melanoconion)ribeirensis e Cx.(Mel.) sacchettae. É discutida a capacidade vetora dessas e de outras espécies também consideradas entre as mais frequentes. / Some results of mosquitoes collection from 1978 to 1983 in areas comprising residual forests wich represent environments modified by man in Ribeira Valley, State of São Paulo, Brazil were presented. The aim of this project was to enlighten behavioral aspects of adult mosquitoes (Diptera:Culicidae) giving emphasis to the horizontal and vertical distributions. CDC light traps with and without animal bait (domestic hen- Gallus~gallus) were utilized for collecting. The seasonal distribution of some species were presented graphically. The following species or groups: Culex(Culex)spp., Aedes (Ochlerotatus)serratus, Culex(Melanoconion) ribeirensis, and Cx.(Mel.) sacchettae were distinguished among the most frequent. The vectorial capacity of these and other species considered among the most frequent was discussed.

A agricultura de precisão (AP) depende do gerenciamento da variabilidade dos fatores que influenciam a produtividade agrícola. Seu principal produto de tomada de decisões são mapas que fornecem a variação de parâmetros do solo. Para obter mapas confiáveis há necessidade de coletar grande quantidade de amostras, resultando em custos elevados de aplicação da técnica. O presente estudo objetivou avaliar as particularidades de grades amostrais que visam à compreensão da distribuição espacial dos parâmetros químicos do solo, assim como propor uma metodologia de avaliação da fertilidade do solo. Para isto, foram testados diferentes instrumentos de coletas, tipo de amostras e metodologia de confecção de amostras. O estudo parte do pressuposto que o método tradicional de levantamento da fertilidade analisa diversos parâmetros quantificados em laboratórios para prescrição de recomendações agrícolas. Seu uso intensivo é limitado pelo custo, comprometendo a precisão da aplicação de insumos agrícolas. Desta maneira, o trabalho testou um método que visa quantificar atributos químicos do solo de baixo custo e estimar parâmetros ligados a prescrição agrícola e, assim, aumentar o número de amostras com menos número de parâmetros a serem analisados, ao invés de poucas amostras com muitos parâmetros. A metodologia apresentou resultados satisfatórios quanto à quantificação da necessidade de calagem. Para a maioria das áreas estudadas a necessidade de calagem estimada foi estatisticamente igual à necessidade de calagem calculada pelo método tradicional de análise de solo. A menor diferença apresentada pelas metodologias quanto a necessidade de calagem foi de 0,035 Mg ha1 e a maior diferença foi de 0,203 Mg ha1. / Precision agriculture (PA) management depends on the variability of the factors that influence agricultural productivity. Its main product decisions are based on maps that provide the variation of soil parameters. For reliable maps there is a need to collect large amount of samples, resulting in costly implementation of the technique. The present study aimed to evaluate the sampling grids particularities designed to understand the spatial distribution of soil chemical parameters, as well as propose a methodology for evaluation of soil fertility. We tested different instruments of soil collecting, type of samples and sample preparation methodology. The study assumes that the traditional method of fertility survey analyzes several parameters quantified in the laboratory for prescribing agricultural recommendations. Its use is limited by the cost-intensive, compromising the accuracy of the application of agricultural inputs. This way the work tested a method that aims quantify soil chemical attributes with low cost and estimate parameters related to the agricultural prescription, and so, increase the number of samples with less parameters to be analyzed instead of a few samples with many parameters. The methodology presented satisfactory results for quantification of lime requirement. For most of the areas studied the effects of limestone was statistically equal to the estimated lime requirement calculated by the traditional method of soil analysis. The smallest difference presented by the methodologies and the need for liming was 0.035 Mg ha1 and the biggest difference was 0.203 Mg ha1.

A produção agrícola tem crescido nos últimos anos impulsionada pelo aumento populacional e por avanços tecnológicos. Esse crescimento pode ocasionar impactos ambientais importantes, inclusive a degradação do solo, se não forem realizados o correto planejamento agrícola e manejo do solo, a fim de assegurar uma produção competitiva e sustentável. Para isto, a descrição da variabilidade espacial do solo é necessária, sendo realizada convencionalmente através de coleta e análise de amostras. Entretanto, estes métodos convencionais de levantamento da variabilidade do solo possuem custos elevados e demandam bastante tempo e mãode- obra para serem realizados. Com o aumento da quantidade de informação necessária os custos para descrição da variabilidade espacial do solo podem tornarse um obstáculo, se somente metodologias convencionais são aplicadas. Portanto, métodos alternativos tornam-se necessários para auxiliar no levantamento de atributos do solo em escala adequada ao manejo agrícola. Para isto, são propostas metodologias de espectroscopia de reflectância no Vis-NIR-SWIR, as quais empregam o comportamento espectral do solo de 400 nm a 2500 nm para realizar a quantificação de seus atributos. Isto é possível, pois a informação espectral possui relação direta com os constituintes do solo. Assim, no presente estudo é avaliado o uso de imagens aéreas hiperespectrais na quantificação de atributos do solo, através do método PLSR, e mapeamento destes atributos, empregando krigagem. O desempenho das predições feitas com dados do sensor aéreo é comparado ao obtido com espectros coletados em laboratório. Foi também avaliado, através de experimentos de campo, com diferentes doses de calcário em duas áreas diferentes (textura arenosa e média), o uso de informações espectrais coletadas no campo, em movimento, e em laboratório, com amostras úmidas, para a quantificação de atributos e da necessidade de calagem, pelo método PLSR. Foram obtidos resultados satisfatórios através dos dados do sensor aéreo, principalmente, para a quantificação dos teores de argila, areia e CTC (R2 de 0,73, 0,73 e 0,80, respectivamente). Com relação aos dados obtidos por sensoriamento próximo no campo, os melhores resultados foram obtidos para a área de textura média, com R2 de 0,33, 0,38 e 0,61 para a predição da CTC, V% e da necessidade de calagem, respectivamente. / Agricultural production has increased in the last years stimulated by the population growth and technological advances. This can cause significant environmental impacts including soil degradation if suitable agricultural planning and soil management are not applied in order to ensure a competitive and sustainable production. For this purpose, the soil variability assessment is needed and it is conventionally performed through soil sampling and analysis. However, conventional methods have high costs and require considerable time and labor. When the amount of information needed increases, costs to describe soil spatial variability may become an obstacle if only conventional methodologies are applied. Therefore, alternative methods can help to depict soil properties variability on a scale suitable to soil management. So, Vis-NIR-SWIR reflectance spectroscopy (from 400 nm to 2500 nm) is proposed as a mean to predict soil properties. This is possible because spectral information has a direct relationship with soil constituents and characteristics. Therefore, in this study hyperspectral airborne imagery is evaluated as an information source to be used in soil properties quantification, via the PLSR method, and mapping, using kriging. The performance of the models derived from airborne imagery data was compared with the results obtained by models calculated from laboratory sensor data. The use of spectral information collected in the field (on-thego) was evaluated too using a field experiment in witch different rates of lime were applied. The experiment was allocated in two fields with different soil textures (one with about 100 g kg-1 of clay and other with about 320 g kg-1 of clay). The soil properties prediction based on the on-the-go spectral measurements were compared to predictions made using spectra collect in the laboratory and the PLSR method was used to calculate models. Satisfactory results were obtained with airborne sensor data, especially for clay, sand and CTC quantification (R2 of 0.73, 0.73 and 0.80, respectively). Regarding the on-the-go proximal sensing, better predictions were obtained for the clayey area, with R2 of 0.33, 0.38 and 0.61 for predictions of CEC, base saturation of the soil CEC (V%) and lime requirement, respectively.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T17:37:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gerson_Sander.pdf: 1423318 bytes, checksum: f2d8d6788fbb5b2717b5d67bf8e22baf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-08-21 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Optimizing the use of agricultural inputs and efficient management of the wheat crop may increase the potential yield per unit area. In this sense, the objective of this research was to evaluate the agronomic performance of wheat for different spacings, plant densities and crop years. The experiment was carried out in the years 2010 and 2011 in the municipality of Marechal Cândido Rondon - PR. We used the experimental design of randomized blocks in a 3x4 factorial design. The first factor consisted of three spacings (13, 17 and 21 cm between rows), the second factor consists of four seeding rates (200, 300, 400 and 500 viable seeds m2). The results indicated that the lower densities (200 and 300 seeds m2) conditioned to a greater number of spikelets per spike, spike length, number of grains in ten ears and weight of hundred grains, as well as fewer tillers unviable because m2. Smallest spacings evaluated (13 and 17 cm) promoted greater weight of ears per m2 and greater accumulation of plant dry matter. One can show that productivity was higher in 2011 compared to 2010. In addition, lower seeding rates (200 and 300 seeds per m2) and spacings (13 and 17 cm) resulted in lower production cost and higher cost / benefit ratio / A otimização do uso de insumos agrícolas e o manejo eficiente da lavoura de trigo podem incrementar o potencial produtivo por unidade de área. Neste sentido, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar o desempenho agronômico de uma cultivar de trigo em função de diferentes espaçamentos, densidades de semeadura e anos agrícolas. O experimento foi conduzido nos anos agrícolas de 2010 e 2011 no município de Marechal Cândido Rondon - PR. Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso em esquema fatorial 3x4. O primeiro fator foi constituído por três espaçamentos (13, 17 e 21 cm entre linhas) e o segundo fator constituído por quatro densidades de semeadura (200, 300, 400 e 500 sementes viáveis m2). Os resultados obtidos indicaram que as menores densidades avaliadas (200 e 300 sementes m2) condicionaram em maior número de espiguetas por espiga, comprimento de espigas, número de grãos em dez espigas e massa de cem grãos, bem como, menor número de afilhos inviáveis por m2. Os menores espaçamentos avaliados (13 e 17 cm) promoveram maior massa de espigas por m2 e maior acúmulo de massa seca das plantas. A produtividade foi superior no ano de 2011 quando comparado a 2010. Além disso, menores densidades de semeadura (200 e 300 sementes por m2) e espaçamentos (13 e 17 cm) resultaram em menor custo de produção e maior relação custo/benefício

Submitted by admin tede (tede@pucgoias.edu.br) on 2018-04-16T14:44:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 LUCIANO MÁRCIO GONÇALVES.pdf: 3005310 bytes, checksum: 7d1be9bcd38cb0cafb463dfeca2dc4d4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-16T14:44:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LUCIANO MÁRCIO GONÇALVES.pdf: 3005310 bytes, checksum: 7d1be9bcd38cb0cafb463dfeca2dc4d4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-12 / Public security today has been the focus of debate in the most diverse nuclei of knowledge. The involvement of young people in crime, in the same way, becomes an increasingly recurring subject in the field of political, economic, social and legal sciences. This is a problem of social interest and requires attention of all. The units of hospitalization of juvenile offenders in Goiás are analyzed. The relationship between the geographic disposition of Cases in Goiás and the need for local demand is investigated. It is pointed out the difficulties related to the distance of the Cases in relation to the locality of the infractional practice, committing to the maintenance of the affective ties of the offender with the family. It is shown the importance of understanding the need for changes, inserting new proposals for intervention and restructuring the geographic distribution of the socio-educational system of minors in Goiás. A bibliographic research, associated with a field study, is applied. interviews directed to 4 sample subjects, it is observed that there is a disregard of the state authorities regarding the implementation of the Sinase Care Center, evidencing a dissociation between the local reality and the protective legislation. It is concluded that there is a need for the implementation of planned strategic actions, re-adjusting the geographic arrangement of the Socio-educational Assistance Centers in Goiás. / A segurança pública, atualmente, tem sido foco de debate nos mais diversos núcleos do conhecimento. O envolvimento de jovens na criminalidade, da mesma forma, tornase assunto cada vez mais recorrente no campo das ciências políticas, econômicas, sociais e jurídicas. Trata-se de uma problemática de interesse social e que requer atenção de todos. Analisa-se as unidades de internação de menores infratores em Goiás. Investiga-se a relação entre a disposição geográfica dos Cases em Goiás e a necessidade de demanda local. Aponta-se as dificuldades relacionadas à distância dos Cases em relação à localidade da prática infracional, comprometendo à manutenção dos vínculos afetivos do infrator com a família. Mostra-se a importância de se compreender a necessidade de mudanças, inserindo novas propostas de intervenção e reestruturação da distribuição geográfica do sistema de atendimento socioeducativo de menores em Goiás. Realiza-se uma pesquisa bibliográfica, associada com um estudo de campo, com aplicação de entrevistas direcionadas a 4 sujeitos de amostra, observa-se que há um descaso das autoridades estatais, quanto à implantação do Centro de Atendimento Sinase, evidenciando-se uma dissociação entre a realidade local e a legislação protetora. Conclui-se que existe a necessidade de implementação de ações estratégicas planejadas, readequando a disposição geográfica dos Centros de Atendimento Socioeducativos em Goiás.

Submitted by admin tede (tede@pucgoias.edu.br) on 2018-05-29T13:32:18Z No. of bitstreams: 1 CLEITON JOSÉ COSTA SANTOS 1.pdf: 1693805 bytes, checksum: 73acf521014b6d3136d8e759744648f7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-29T13:32:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CLEITON JOSÉ COSTA SANTOS 1.pdf: 1693805 bytes, checksum: 73acf521014b6d3136d8e759744648f7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-14 / Recently the World Health Organization reclassified the snakebites as Neglected Tropical Disease. This problem mainly affects economically active age groups of rural populations in poor or in developing countries in tropical regions. Despite the low mortality rate associated with this type of accident in Brazil, one of the largest estimates of occurrence was attributed to the country. The epidemiological profile is widely known in several Brazilian regions, but little was inferred about factors associated with the occurrence of snakebites in the country. In order to analyze the spatial distribution of snakebites caused by snakes of the Elapidae and Viperidae families in the Brazilian municipalities between 2007 and 2015, we associate the number of snakebites with variables related to human factors (Area of the Municipality, Population, Agricultural Production, Municipal Human Development Index and Gross Domestic Product) and environmental factors (Species Richness, Remnant Area of Native Vegetation, Altitude and Climate). The records of notifications were obtained from the database of the Ministry of Health's Information and Notification System of Injuries. The average annual incidence rate for the time series analyzed was calculated. The association between the number of snakebites and factors analyzed was tested through Multiple Linear Regression Analysis by an OLS (Ordinary Least Square) model, evaluating the spatial autocorrelation in the model residues by the Moran Index. The variance partition was performed to evaluate the isolated effect of the different factors (environmental, human and spatial) on the variation of the accident data. Data were analyzed at national and regional scales. The average annual incidence for the period was 12.1/100,000 inhabitants. The North and Midwest regions presented the highest incidence, followed by the Northeast, South and Southeast regions, respectively. The OLS model indicated association more than 50% between snakebites data and variables tested, with the highest contribution of human factors followed the spatial effect and lower contribution of environmental factors in all scales. The model showed higher suitability especially for regions with the highest incidence rate, indicating differences in the composition of the most important variables in each region. However, it is possible to infer that in the analysis period, human factors contributed most heavily to the occurrence of snakebites in Brazil, followed by the spatial effect on the distribution of these snakebites and minor contribution of environmental factors. Clearly, the demographic density linked to type of occupation and climatic conditions may favor the increase of snakebites in the country, and different regional characteristics can clarify the disparity in the incidence rate among the Brazilian regions. / Recentemente os acidentes ofídicos foram reclassificados pela Organização Mundial da Saúde como Doença Tropical Negligenciada. Esse problema atinge principalmente grupos etários economicamente ativos de populações rurais em países pobres ou em desenvolvimento nas regiões tropicais. Apesar do baixo índice de mortalidade associado a esse tipo de acidente no Brasil, uma das maiores estimativas de ocorrência foi atribuída ao país. O perfil epidemiológico é amplamente conhecido nas diversas regiões brasileiras, porém, pouco se inferiu sobre fatores associados à ocorrência de acidentes ofídicos no país. Assim, com o objetivo de analisar a distribuição espacial dos acidentes causados por serpentes das famílias Elapidae e Viperidae, registrados para os municípios brasileiros entre os anos de 2007 e 2015, associamos o número de acidentes ofídicos, obtidos na base de dados do Sistema de Informação e Notificação de Agravos do Ministério da Saúde, com variáveis ligadas a fatores humanos e ambientais considerando o efeito espacial na distribuição dos dados. A taxa de incidência média anual foi calculada para elaboração do mapa de distribuição nacional e regional da incidência no período analisado. A associação entre o número de acidentes e fatores analisados foi testada através de Análise de Regressão Linear Múltipla OLS (Ordinary Least Square), avaliando a autocorrelação espacial nos resíduos do modelo pelo Índice de Moran. A partição de variância foi realizada para avaliar o efeito isolado dos diferentes fatores sobre a variação do número de acidentes. A incidência média anual para o período foi de 12,1/100.000hab. As regiões Norte e Centro-Oeste apresentaram as maiores incidências, seguidas pelas regiões Nordestes, Sul e Sudeste, respectivamente. O modelo OLS indicou associação superior a 50% entre dados de acidentes e variáveis testadas, com maior contribuição dos fatores humanos seguidos do efeito espacial e menor contribuição dos fatores ambientais em todas as escalas analisadas. O modelo mostrou maior adequação principalmente para as regiões com maior taxa de incidência, indicando diferenças na composição das variáveis mais importantes em cada região. Contudo, é possível inferir que no período analisado, fatores humanos contribuíram mais fortemente para a ocorrência de acidentes ofídicos no Brasil, seguidos do efeito espacial sobre a distribuição desses acidentes e menor contribuição dos fatores ambientais. Especialmente, o adensamento demográfico ligado ao tipo de ocupação e condições climáticas podem favorecer o aumento de acidentes ofídicos no país e diferentes características regionais podem esclarecer a disparidade na taxa de incidência entre as regiões brasileiras.

Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2018-08-21T13:03:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2010 - Wagner Francisco de Oliveira.pdf: 15558282 bytes, checksum: 81e96e77a201d54d5d633b2f7bd0354f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-21T13:03:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2010 - Wagner Francisco de Oliveira.pdf: 15558282 bytes, checksum: 81e96e77a201d54d5d633b2f7bd0354f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-03-09 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior, CAPES, Brasil. / Habitats characteristic of the Brazilian coast, the restingas are ecosystems associated with the Atlantic Forest Domain and are characterized by having mesoclimatic conditions considered extreme, and suffer from intense human pressure. Nevertheless, they have great biological diversity, the Bromeliaceae being one of the most representative of these habitats. This study aimed to evaluate the composition, richness and assemblage structure of Bromeliaceae in two areas of restinga located on the island of Marambaia, Mangaratiba, RJ. We established 50 plots of 100 m2 on each of two areas: the Restinga of Praia da Arma??o (RPA) and the Restinga da Praia Grande (RPG). These plots were placed in lines parallel to the beach with 10 meters apart. In each plot were recorded richness and abundance of epiphytic and terrestrial bromeliads and measured the morphometric characteristics of the host tree, as well as vertical and horizontal distributions of epiphytic species. We sampled 11 species of bromeliads and three new records for Marambaia, bringing the richness of this locality for 21 species of Bromeliaceae, considered a high value of wealth. Most of the species is included on some level of threat according to IUCN, which characterizes the Marambaia Island as an important conservation site for the family. The Island had low similarity with other areas of restinga of Rio de Janeiro and this can be attributed to its geographical location in relation to these areas and the fact it is an island region. Neoregelia cruenta and Tillandsia stricta are the most abundant and are the ones with the highest frequency of occurrence, which is directly related to different reproductive strategies of these species. The specific physiological needs, like dispersion and structural complexity of habitat caused if there were differences in the occupation of phorophytes by epiphytic species. Already aggregated distribution of all species is related to the mechanism of occupation of the environment used by plants and the quality of different substrates provided by the environment and the host tree. In general, the species tend to avoid the sampling units in accordance mainly with the heterogeneity of the habitat but, however, tend to co-exist in phorophytes once occupied the height classes differently. In this study, none of the morphometric parameters of the host tree explained the variations in the parameters of assemblage richness and abundance of bromeliads, indicating that other variables should better explain these relationships. / H?bitats caracter?sticos do litoral brasileiro, as restingas s?o ecossistemas associados ao Dom?nio da Floresta Atl?ntica e caracterizam-se por apresentar condi??es mesoclim?ticas consideradas extremas, al?m de sofrer com intensa a??o antr?pica. Apesar disso, possuem grande diversidade biol?gica, sendo a fam?lia Bromeliaceae uma das mais representativas nestes habitats. Este estudo visou avaliar a composi??o, riqueza e a estrutura da taxocenose de Bromeliaceae em duas ?reas de restinga localizadas na Ilha da Marambaia, Mangaratiba, RJ. Foram estabelecidas 50 parcelas de 100 m2 em cada uma das duas ?reas: a restinga da Praia da Arma??o (RPA) e a restinga da Praia Grande (RPG). Estas parcelas foram alocadas em linhas paralelas ? praia distando 10 m entre si. Em cada parcela foram registradas a riqueza e a abund?ncia de brom?lias terrestres e ep?fitas e mensuradas as caracter?sticas morfom?tricas dos for?fitos, e bem como as distribui??es vertical e horizontal das esp?cies ep?fitas. Foram amostradas 11 esp?cies de brom?lias e tr?s novas ocorr?ncias para a Marambaia, elevando a riqueza desta localidade para 21 esp?cies de Bromeliaceae, considerado um valor alto de riqueza. A maior parte das esp?cies amostradas est? inclu?da em algum n?vel de amea?a segundo a UICN, o que caracteriza a Ilha da Marambaia como um importante s?tio de conserva??o para a fam?lia. A Ilha apresentou baixa similaridade com outras ?reas de restinga do RJ e isto pode ser atribu?do a sua localiza??o geogr?fica em rela??o a estas ?reas e ao fato de se tratar de uma regi?o insular. Neoregelia cruenta e Tillandsia stricta s?o as mais abundantes e s?o as que possuem os maiores valores de freq??ncia de ocorr?ncia, fato que est? diretamente relacionado ?s estrat?gias reprodutivas diferenciadas destas esp?cies. As necessidades fisiol?gicas espec?ficas, forma de dispers?o e a complexidade estrutural do h?bitat fizeram com que houvesse diferen?as na ocupa??o dos for?fitos pelas esp?cies ep?fitas. J? a distribui??o agregada de todas as esp?cies est? relacionada ao mecanismo de ocupa??o do ambiente utilizado pelas plantas e pela qualidade diferenciada dos substratos oferecidos pelo ambiente e pelos for?fitos. De uma forma geral, as esp?cies tendem a se evitar nas unidades amostrais de acordo, principalmente, com a heterogeneidade do h?bitat mas, no entanto, tendem a co-existir nos for?fitos uma vez que ocupam as classes de altura de forma diferenciada. Neste estudo, nenhum dos par?metros morfom?tricos do for?fito explicou as varia??es dos par?metros de riqueza e abund?ncia da taxocenose de Bromeliaceae, indicando que outras vari?veis devem explicar melhor essas rela??es.

This thesis presents an experimental study, both in the field and laboratory to cast more light on the primary role of the river floodplains in releasing and/or removing total-P to/from the in-stream load, under high runoff and flood conditions, by investigating the soil total-P spatial and vertical deposition patterns and topsoil erodibility, along the three (3) main river sections (e.g., headwaters, transfer and deposition zones) of an agricultural watershed, such as the Turkey River (TR). In soils, phosphorus, P, primarily exists as sediment-bound and less often as dissolved. During wet hydrological years, soil erosion and surface runoff are the main P release and transport mechanisms, while during dry hydrological years, P leaches to the deeper soil levels and is transported to freshwaters through groundwater discharge. In between the upland areas and the river network, there is a buffer zone, known as floodplain that regulates the flux exchanges between these two watershed components. Floodplains play an essential role in the riverine system health by supporting important physical and biochemical processes and improving the water quality downstream. These characteristics have led to the conclusion that floodplains primarily act as sinks for P. However, floodplains are subject to erosion as well, where soil particles along with the attached P are removed from the topsoil or enter re-suspension, under high runoff and flood conditions. The study provides an insight into the soil total-P deposition patterns across the floodplains of five (5) identified field sites and couples them with topsoil erodibility to eventually address the research objectives, which can be summarized as follows: (i) investigation of the soil total-P spatial and vertical variability across the floodplains along the main river zones and development of relationships between P variability and soil physical properties (e.g., soil texture); (ii) identification and characterization of the soil total-P deposition patterns across the floodplains (e.g., short- vs. long-term P deposition areas); and (iii) comparisons of the soil total-P concentrations and critical shear stresses among the main river zones and determination of their primary function either as P sources or sinks, under high runoff and flood conditions. Following that line of thinking, this research results comprise of three (3) parts, each one addressing a specific objective. The first part of the results includes the soil texture and total-P concentration analyses of the extracted soil profiles to identify the soil total-P spatial and vertical deposition patterns across the floodplains, as well as, to investigate the total-P variability with respect to soil physical properties (e.g., soil texture). The second part of the results focuses on investigating the role of topography (e.g., flat vs. ridge vs. swale land surfaces) and flood characteristics (e.g., frequency, magnitude, duration) in soil total-P spatial and vertical deposition patterns across the river floodplains to understand the time-scale nature of the P storage. The last part of the results presents the experimentally determined topsoil critical shear stress values and erodibility rates to characterize the floodplains’ primary function, based on their location along the three (3) main river zones, either as sources or sinks for total-P, during high runoff and flood conditions. Overall, the results of this research show that (i) the total-P concentration in soils is tightly related to the fine particle content and monotonic linear relationships can be established between the two variables. In other words, the higher the fine particle content, the higher the total-P concentration in soils; (ii) a mixture of two normal distributions fit the log-transformed soil total-P concentration data of each field site considered in this study. The fitted distributions successfully capture the two peaks of the soil total-P concentration data correspond to the lower and upper floodplain terraces; (iii) the lower floodplain terraces (e.g., 2- and 5-year floodplains) are characterized by significantly lower soil fine particle percentage contributions and total-P concentrations compared to the upper floodplain terraces, at a 5% confidence level. These patterns can be attributed to the fact that the lower floodplain terraces are frequently flooded and/or under inundation compared to the upper floodplain terraces and thus part of the fine particles along with the attached P are regularly winnowed away. Therefore, the lower floodplain terraces can be considered as short-term P storage means, in between two consecutive major flood events, while the upper floodplain terraces act more as long-term P storage means; (iv) there is a longitudinal increase in the topsoil critical shear stress values, which follows the increase in the fine particle content reconfirming the principle that the more the fine particle content in soils, along with the existence of vegetation with dense, well-developed root systems, the more resistant to erosion are the soils. From a soil erodibility perspective, the floodplains along the headwaters zone can be considered as major fine sediment and total-P sources contributing to the in-stream loads, while the floodplains along the deposition zone primarily act as sinks for fine sediment and total-P. As far as the role of the floodplains along the transfer zone, they can be considered as sinks for fine sediment and total-P during low magnitude runoff and flood events (e.g., 2-; 5-; and 10-year return periods), while during higher magnitude events, they act as sources releasing fine sediment and total-P; and (v) topsoil samples characterized by dense, well-developed root systems fall approximately along a trend line that follows almost a parallel pattern with the trend line for the topsoil samples without dense and/or well-developed root systems. The existence of dense, well-developed vegetation root systems to topsoil consistently increases its critical shear stress threshold (e.g., > 1 Pa) and thus its ability to resist erosion.

Il n'existe à ce jour aucune monographie d'ensemble sur la répartition des offrandes dans les lieux de culte de la Gaule romaine, notamment des objets de parure. Cette thèse vise à combler cette lacune en prenant en considération les fibules en contexte cultuel, alors que celles-ci ne sont bien souvent envisagées que comme des objets de la vie quotidienne et étudiées en tant que telles. L'offrande de fibules est examinée à partir de leur distribution spatiale intrasite par phase de fréquentation, et ce sur l'ensemble des lieux de culte de la Gaule du 11e siècle av. J.-C. jusqu'au IV" siècle de notre ère. Ce travail est réalisé grâce à des cartes de répartition et aux outils statistiques de sériation. Cette analyse est complétée par l'étude typo-chronologique de l'ensemble des fibules répertoriées et par l'étude des associations de mobilier dans l'espace cultuel, en mettant plus particulièrement l'accent sur l'ensemble des objets de parure, afin d'identifier des pratiques religieuses spécifiques et de travailler sur l'offrande possible d'éléments aujourd'hui disparus comme les vêtements. Sont examinés entre autres les modes de dépôt des fibules, leur symbolique, leur lien éventuel avec certaines divinités, ou bien encore s'il s'agit d'offrandes individuelles ou collectives. Enfin, ce travail permet d'étudier les continuités et les ruptures entre les pratiques cultuelles de la fin de la période celte (LTD) et celles d'après la conquête césarienne, afin d'approfondir notre connaissance du processus de romanisation dans les provinces gauloises. / To date, there is no full monograph on the distribution of offerings in sanctuaries in roman Gaul, including ornaments. This thesis aims to fill this gap by taking into consideration the fibulas in cult context, white these are very often considered as objects of everyday life and studied as such. The fibulas's offering is examined from their intrasite spatial distribution by phase of attendance, and this on ail the sanctuaries of Gaul of the 2nd century BC to the 4th century AD. This work is done through distribution maps and statistical serialization tools. This analysis is complemented by the typo-chronological study of ail fibulas listed and by the study of furniture associations in the sanctuaries, with particular accentuation on ail objects of ornament, so that to identify specific religious practices and to work on the possible offering of elements that have now disappeared, such as clothing. Among other things, the modes of fibulas's deposit, their symbolism, their possible link with certain deities, or even individual or collective offerings are examined. This work finally allows to study the continuities and ruptures between the cult practices of the end of the Celtic period (LTD) and those after the Cesarean conquest, in order to deepen our knowledge of the process of romanization on the Gallic provinces.