Cette thèse porte sur la valeur et le fonctionnement de la spatialité dans la poésie baudelairienne. Il s’agit surtout du procédé d’encadrement qui permet paradoxalement de produire dans son sein l’impression de profondeur, ce que Baudelaire appelle "l’infini dans le fini". Un de nos enjeux consiste à démontrer la place majeure qu’occupe cette esthétique dialectique dans sa poésie entre 1857 et 1863 en particulier, période où sont composés la deuxième édition des Fleurs du Mal et la plupart des Petits Poèmes en prose. Notre travail s’articule en trois parties qui analysent différents aspects de l’espace poétique. La première analyse l’effet visuel de la mise en page des Fleurs du Mal, avec le blanc qui marque la division du poème en parties, la ligne de blanc, les marges, les signes de ponctuation. Ce qui nous conduit à la question de la spatialité textuelle du poème en prose. Dans la deuxième partie, l’analyse porte, surtout dans Le Spleen de Paris, sur une autre spatialité, celle qu’ouvre la représentation des objets récurrents d’encadrement comme le cadre, l’horloge, la fenêtre ou les yeux. Enfin, la dernière partie ajoute à ces deux dimensions de l’espace celle qui concerne l’instance de discours, pour le traitement de laquelle nous recourons à l’analyse linguistique et pragmatique. Ainsi, cette thèse vise à mettre en évidence l’existence d’une homologie associant, sous le même signe de "l’infini dans le fini", des composants aussi essentiels que différents (typographie, thématique et énonciation) de la poésie baudelairienne entre 1857 et 1863. / This thesis deals with the value and functioning of spatiality in the poetry of Baudelaire. Its principal focus is on a type of framing that, paradoxically, makes it possible to produce the impression of depth: what Baudelaire called "l'infini dans le fini". One of its aims is to demonstrate the importance of this dialectic aesthetic in the poetry that he composed between 1857 and 1863: the period, notably, of the second edition of the Fleurs du Mal and most of the Petits Poèmes en Prose. The work is organized into three parts, each of which analyzes a different aspect of poetic space. The first analyzes the visual effect of the layout of the Fleurs du Mal, with the white space that marks the division of the poem into parts, the white line, the margins, and the use of punctuation. This leads us to the question of the textual spatiality of the prose poem. The analysis in the second part, which focuses mainly on Le Spleen de Paris, bears on another spatiality: that which is opened up by the recurring representation of framing objects such as frames, clocks, windows, and eyes. Finally, the third section adds a third dimension of space, this one involving the instance of discourse, using linguistic and pragmatic analysis. Thus, this thesis aims to bring to light a homology that links together elements of Baudelaire's poetry between 1857 and 1863 that are as essential as they are varied—typography, thematic material, and enunciation—in the evocation of "l'infini dans le fini".

Cette thèse étudie l’émergence d’une poétique de la diversité qui s’apparente à un parcours élargi et diversifié du monde dans les trois premières décennies du siècle et ce, de façon interdisciplinaire en associant histoire, géographie et poétique. Le corpus concerne au moins deux générations [1880 et 1900] et regroupe un large ensemble de poètes, connus ou oubliés [Saint- John Perse, Levet], dont l’œuvre n’a pas encore fait l’objet d’études approfondies [Larbaud, Supervielle, Morand, Romains] ou demeure inconnue [Durtain, Levet, Brauquier, Nau, par exemple]. La thèse montre que les poètes, interagissant avec un contexte à la fois politique, culturel et littéraire, prennent le monde comme un espace-temps et visent à la fois la diversité et l’unité du monde qu’ils tentent de comprendre dans une dynamique et une tension créatrice avec le « Divers ». La thèse interroge notamment la géographie littéraire de cette dynamique d’extraversion en se concentrant sur le référent et en travaillant aussi l’espace comme une modalité d’un rapport au monde, ce qui permet alors de faire apparaître une géopoétique du parcours du monde renouvelant les formes littéraires en les faisant dialoguer avec les formes de l’espace, ainsi qu’une géocritique des images du monde qui se construisent diversement, en accentuant les lieux, les parcours ou les paysages, lesquels peuvent prendre des formes internationales. Cet angle d’approche des textes poétiques permet de réévaluer le cosmopolitisme et la culture internationale de ces écrivains qui ont tenté par diverses voies de concilier l’ouverture à la diversité et l’exigence de l’unité du monde ainsi que celle de l’ancrage dans des lieux et une culture donnée / This dissertation explores the emergence of a poetics of diversity through an analysis of large and diversified journeys into the world during the first three decades of the 20th century by proceeding in an interdisciplinary way that combines history, geography, and poetics. The corpus concerns at least two generations of poets [1880 and 1900] that comprise a large ensemble of both well-known and unknown poets [such as Saint-John Perse and Levet] whose work hasn’t yet been studied deeply [Larbaud, Nau, Supervielle, Morand, Romains] or remains largely unknown to us [Durtain, Levet, Brauquier, Nau, for example]. The dissertation shows that these poets, interacting within a political, cultural, and literary context, understand the world as a global space-time and open themselves to its diversity, attempting to comprehend it in a creative tension with the « Divers ». The dissertation interrogates the literary geography of this dynamic of extroversion by concentrating on the referent and by exploring space as a modality of a relationship to the world, which makes it possible to render visible a geopoetics of journeys through the world, renewing literary forms by putting them into dialogue with geographical forms, as well as allowing a geocritique of images of the world, diversely constructed by accentuating places, journeys, or landscapes which may become international. Approaching the poem in this way allows one to reevaluate the cosmopolitanism and international culture of these poets who tried, in various ways, to conciliate openness to diversity, rootedness in places and a give culture as well as demand for world unity

Geography’s engagement with art has a long and varied history which, consistent with broader disciplinary developments, has progressed beyond a focus on the representational content of art products to consideration of artistic practices and experiences. However, persistent tendencies to consider artist, artwork and artistic spatiality as distinct and essential render the ‘geography of art’ under-equipped to address the emergence through artistic practice of particular, contingent, mutable and excessive spatialities and subjectivities. With its emphases on practice, affect and experimentalism, I draw on geographical and psychological non-representational thinking – philosophically, methodologically and analytically – to generate an account of such emergent spatialities and subjectivities. I explore artistic, material and implicit means through which they emerge, from within artistic practice, on both an experimental and auto-ethnographic basis. Working alongside participating artists, I varied the spatial and material conditions of our respective practices to encourage participants to do, think about and articulate their artistic practices differently, and employed interview techniques intended to facilitate access to and articulation from implicit or pre-reflective understanding. Four substantive papers consider different aspects of artistic practice in the context of different theoretical literatures. Through these papers, I argue that artistic practice is a form a mythological thinking without explicit mythic content, and identify paired reciprocal processes of interrogation through which spatialities and subjectivities emerge. I propose that the combination of experimentalism and particular material affects within artistic practice sustains a skills-challenge imbalance, which drives further experimentation and generates increasingly individualized practices. I also argue that artistic practice provides both access to and articulation from implicit understanding, allowing the conveyance of implicit meaning both on its own artistic terms and by facilitating explication into linguistic form. I conclude that, collectively, these varied aspects of artistic practice constitute interpenetrative processes whereby the material and implicit function as one, and that by attending to these processes through the creative and analytical means introduced here, geography’s capacity for a non-representational understanding of artistic practice is greatly enhanced.

This thesis explores the relations between democracy and decentralization in Venezuela during the period from 1989 to 2000. In particular it explores the emergence of political decentralization as the spatial distribution of power and its links with the process of democratization within political spaces. The spatial distribution of power has impacts upon both political institutions and civil society. This is where its central importance lies. Because of this, the framework of ideas underlying the thesis is followed within a methodologicalf ocus that emphasizesb oth the potency of the spatial, as a guiding element of politics and the political, and the local scale and the political practice of individuals. The backgroundt o the study is establishedth rough an explorationo f territoriality and the spatiality of power in Venezuela during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. This is followed by an analysis of the centralist form of the state and the state reforms which were promoted at the end of the 1980s and which gave rise to the political decentralization of 1989 at the level of states and municipalities. The main period of study (1989-2000) is divided into three stages according to the dynamics of the process of democratization itself. Finally, the changes occurring at the local level through the application of decentralization are analyzed through a case study at the level of the municipality and of the parish: the Libertador municipality of the state of Mdrida and the parish of J. J. Osuna Rodriguez. The specific local examples explored in the thesis allow highlighted the ways in which clientelism can be associated with the vertical structures of power that have predominated in Latin America. Nevertheless, whilst its importance has been highlighted here through an understanding of the process of democratisation on the South American continent, it is interesting to note that it is not often explicitly considered as another mode of power in western political theory.

Afin d'en faire l'expérience, cette thèse explore l'idée d'un espace dit pliable. en tant que « structure modulable comme capture de moment ». L'espace conçu à travers une œuvre n'est pas uniquement envisagé comme le milieu à trois dimensions dans lequel le spectateur se déplace, mais comme l'événement qui interroge et réaffirme sa spatialité. Sans cesse en mouvement parce que pliable sait-on précisément où il se rencontre? Où il se plie et se déplie? Dans le cadre de ma pratique artistique, en développant l'idée d'un Espace Pliable, ces réalisations - à déployer et ployer. à plier et déplier - interrogent aussi bien le volume du point de vue de son extension que le « champ de la sculpture» en expansion. À l'aide d'un corpus d'œuvres allant principalement des années 1960 à nos jours, la thèse liée à ce travail entend repérer et analyser une partie des différentes relations spatiales et temporelles à l'œuvre. Convoquant des artistes tels que Robert Morris, Franz Erhard Walther ou encore Hans-Walter Müller, architecte, l'enjeu de cette recherche est d'étudier l'espace du point de vue de ses particularités plastiques, afin de reconsidérer principalement l'expérience que nous en faisons. Au plus près d'une pratique sculpturale, ces installations entre visible et invisible, matériel et immatériel, ne semblent « capturer» rien d'autre que de l' « espace ». Fortes de l'analyse deleuzienne du pli comme système dynamique - puisque pliable - une fois à l'intérieur de mes sculptures cubiques, celles-ci deviennent un témoin du temps que le spectateur leur donne. / In order to have the experience of it, this thesis explores the idea of what's called Foldable Space, meaning a "modulable structure as captured time". Space represented through an artwork, is not only considered as a three-dimensional environment that the spectator moves through, but as an event which questions and reaffirms its spatiality. Constantly moving, because foldable, do we know precisely where the encounter happens? Where it folds and unfolds? As part of my art practice, developing the idea of a Foldable Space, these works made to be unfurled and bent, folded and unfolded, question both the volume from the perspective of its extension and the expanding "field of sculpture". Using a corpus of works mainly from the 1960s to the present day, the thesis linked to this artwork intends to identify and analyse some of the different spatial and temporal relationships at work. Summoning artists such as Robert Morris, Franz Erhard Walther or the architect Hans-Walter Müller, the imperative of this research is to study space in regard to its sculptural and aesthetic characteristics, mainly in order to reconsider our experience of this space. Very nearly a sculptural practice, these installations between visible and invisible, tangible and intangible, seem "to capture" nothing but "space". Supported by Deleuze's analysis of the fold as a dynamic system - because foldable - once inside one of my cubic sculptures, the sculpture becomes a witness of the time the spectator spends with it.

The built environment in academia is increasingly being used in a strategic way, and there is a current trend in the spatial design of academic workplaces towards the implementation of more flexible solutions. However, the heterogeneity of academic work creates a challenge for workplace design. Previous research has shown that researchers require places supporting both privacy and interaction, and there is a need to increase the understanding of how workplace design can tend to these needs. Therefore, the aim of this study was to increase the understanding of how the built environment in a modern university building affects the occupants’ work environment and possibilities to perform their work. Goffman’s dramaturgical framework was applied in a case study examining the research building Biomedicum at Karolinska Institutet in Stockholm, Sweden. One go-along interview and seven semi-structured interviews were carried out and the data were analyzed through content analysis. Three themes named after Goffman’s concepts were identified: the Back stage, the Front stage, and The team. The results showed that while the participant found it easy to identify suitable places for work-related interactions, they had a harder time finding places that supported privacy. In the light of Goffman’s dramaturgy, the results indicated that while the front stage had been successfully planned and built into Biomedicum, there was a lack of a back stage area. The findings of the study showed the importance of including different types of back stage areas in the design of academic workplaces to facilitate both privacy and interaction. In the design of the back stage, architectural and psychological privacy, as well as proximity to team members were important spatial features to acknowledge.

This thesis considers Virginia Woolf’s The Years (1937) in relation to Jacques Rancière’s thinking of the politics of literature. It examines the novel’s different spatial configurations and the relationships it establishes between private and public spaces, home and city, inner and outer. The thesis puts particular emphasis on the novel’s many windows in order to show how they mediate these relationships between different spaces and rooms and how these relationships in turn relate to the political through what the windows present and make visible to the observer and in what way. It also shows how different kinds of spaces in the novel continually open up to their outside. In addition to Rancière’s thinking of the politics of literature in general this thesis also draws on his readings of Woolf in order to establish a dialogue between the two. The thesis reconsiders the prevalent view of the political aspect of the novel and shows how the novel’s politics lies not solely in its tracing of changes in society or its representation of the relationship between private and public spaces, but also in the way it configures sensible experience and its inherent possibilities.

Textile Hybrids explores knitted textiles by challenging properties of elasticity and flexibility through yarn composition, technical construction and combinations with wood. This study is placed in the field of textile spatial design and suggests experimental ways to explore three-dimensionality in a knitted textile by changing its properties through material synergies. The outcome is a three piece series of modular three-dimensional, standalone textile objects. The construction, assembly and flexibility of each piece make it possible to separate all components for reassembly, recycling or reusing, suggesting further research possibilities into more tangible contexts within textile spatial design, architecture, furniture design and product design. This study is derived from an interest to explore different ways a textile can exist on its own in a spatial context such as the home, without solely being the material covering a load-bearing framework i.e a couch or a chair.

Classroom lighting has been installed in the same way since the 1960s, in straight lines offluorescent tubes, even if the teaching values have changed remarkably. There is a need for knowledge exchange that bridges lighting design theory and pedagogy and studies on how the current situation impacts education. Furthermore, there are few studies on new ways of illuminating classrooms. This thesis explores two case studies: one standard classroom built in the 1960s and a classroom redesigned in 2020 with adaptable lighting. The two case studies are used to derive a design concept that can be installed in any standard classroom. Moreover, during the autumn and winter in Sweden, electric light is crucial to support circadian rhythms, and there is a need for adaptability and change throughout the day.

I call my project COLORUM - A ceramic investigation of form in relation to balance and spatiality. Colorum means colors in Latin. Dividing the word, color from English, and rum is space in Swedish. I have investigated the ceramic process through basic geometric shapes. Trying to understand, learn, feel and master the material. Work with and against it, control, and let go of control. I have been working with casting techniques and exploring the primary forms, challenging the material, pushing the clay norms to their edge. By relating to geometry, I defy myself to create these precise forms in ceramics. I combine soft, colorful glazes on the surface with a strict body that creates a juxtaposition that opposes each other. The journey continued by challenging the precise forms through gravity movement creating imploding bodies. I'm curious about the dialogue and the meeting between different expressions in shapes, material, and volumes.