Dans cette thèse nous étudions les aspects théoriques et expérimentaux de la méthode de Variation de Contraste par Polarisation Nucléaire (VCPN) appliquée à la diffusion de neutrons aux petits angles. Nous exposons les bases théoriques de la diffusion de neutrons en mettant en évidence le fondement de la méthode VCPN: la forte dépendance en spin, en particulier pour les protons, de l'interaction noyau-neutron. Nous présentons également les principes de la RMN en nous attardant sur les méthodes de polarisation dynamique par effet solide, qui permettent de contrôler la polarisation des protons des échantillons, et par là même de maîtriser la variation de contraste. Nous présentons une étude essentiellement théorique de la méthode VCPN dite ``en statique'' qui suppose que la polarisation nucléaire est homogène dans l'échantillon et constante au cours de l'expérience. Nous montrons qu'elle permet, en réalisant plusieurs acquisitions à différentes polarisations, d'obtenir les fonctions de structure de système à composants multiples, et cela, sans avoir à recourir à plusieurs échantillons. Pour cela, nous avons testé un dispositif simple de stabilisation de la polarisation nucléaire. Nous exposons également une nouvelle application de la méthode VCPN dite ``en dynamique''. Nous avons montré l'existence, dans des mélanges glycérol-eau deutérés dopés par des centres paramagnétiques, de domaines de polarisation nucléaire pendant les premières secondes de la polarisation dynamique par effet solide. Ceci renforce considérablement la diffusion cohérente des centres paramagnétiques. Nous abordons les raisons théoriques expliquant l'apparition de ces domaines de polarisation, ainsi que les différentes techniques permettant de les observer par diffusion de neutrons.

Este trabalho apresenta uma ferramenta computacional para co-registro de imagens de SPECT e Ressonância Magnética, visando o auxílio ao diagnóstico de epilepsia. Em algumas patologias neurológicas são usados dois tipos de imagens uma anatômica (Ressonância Magnética) e outra metabólica (SPECT), tendo o especialista que fazer mentalmente a integração das informações contidas nos dois exames. Esse procedimento pode ser melhorado utilizando-se uma ferramenta computacional que possibilite a apresentação dessas informações de forma otimizada em uma única imagem, auxiliando o diagnóstico clínico. O co-registro é feito através de pontos posicionados por um usuário especialista, de acordo com as estruturas presentes nas imagens. São utilizados 7 (sete) pares de pontos, entre os quais é calculado o menor erro quadrático, utilizando-se a distância euclidiana. São selecionados planos e espessuras de corte coincidentes para as duas modalidades, e a imagem do SPECT é reescalonada de modo a ficar com a mesma resolução espacial que a imagem da ressonância. / The present report describes a computer tool for the coregistration of single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and magnetic resonance (MR) images to aid the diagnosis of epilepsy. Two types of images are used for some neurologic diseases, one of them anatomic (magnetic resonance) and the other metabolic (SPECT), with the specialist being required to make a mental integration of the information provided by the two exams. This procedure can be improved by using a computer tool that might pennit the presentation of this information in an optimized manner in a single image, aiding the clinical diagnosis. The coregistration is performed on the basis of points positioned by a specialist according to the structures present in the images. Seven pairs of points are used and the least squares error is calculated between them using Euclidean distance. Coinciding planes and section thickness are selected for the two modalities and the SPECT image is processed so as to have the same spatial resolution as the resonance image.

Die SFS-Benchmarksuite (Release 1.1) wurde auf mehreren Rechnerarchitekturen der TU Chemnitz-Zwickau installiert und zu einer Leistungs- bewertung dieser Architekturen genutzt. Eine speziell untersuchte Bedingung war die Hardwareausstattung und Rechnerkonfiguraion von NFS-Servern.

Die Arbeit untersucht Einflussfaktoren auf die SPEC-CPU- Benchmarks CINT95 und CFP95. Es werden die Messbedingungen bei Messungen von Rechnerherstellern fuer SPEC-Veroeffentlichungen und bei Messungen im Universitaetsrechenzentrum verglichen. Aus den unterschiedlichen Bedingungen werden moegliche Einflussfaktoren abgeleitet, die fuer die Abweichung der Benchmarkergebnisse unter Lastbedingungen ursaechlich sein koennten. Fuer diese Einflusskomponenten eines Rechnersystems werden charakteristische Lastmasse erarbeitet. Im experimentellen Teil der Arbeit werden 4 Rechner des Universitaetsrechenzentrums mit 4 gezielt ausgewaehlten SPEC- CPU-Benchmarks untersucht. Ueber mehrere Wochen hinweg werden dabei Messungen unter verschiedensten Lastverhaeltnissen durchgefuehrt, wobei jeweils die Benchmarklaufzeit und die mittleren Werte fuer die definierten Lastmasse erfasst werden. Auf Basis dieser 16 Messreihen von jeweils 20 bis 60 Messungen werden schliesslich Aussagen zu Einflugroessen auf einzelne Benchmarks, zum generellen Einfluss einzelner Teilsysteme, sowie zum differenzierten Lastverhalten der einzelnen betrachteten UNIX-Rechnersysteme gewonnen.

Darbo tikslas – atskleisti mokytojų požiūrį neįgalumo situacijoje esančių mokinių ugdymą bendrojo lavinimo mokykloje. Darbo objektas – mokytojų požiūris į integruotą ugdymą bendrojo lavinio mokykloje. Darbo uždaviniai: pristatyti Lietuvos švietimo sistemos kaitą sociologinės žiūros ir sociologinių teorijų kontekste; apžvelgti švietimo reformos etapus ir integruotą ugdymą reglamentuojančius dokumentus; atskleisti mokytojų požiūrį į neįgalumo situacijoje esančių mokinių ugdymą bendrojo lavinimo mokykloje. Hipotezės: tikėtina, kad pedagogo prestižą sąlygoja atlyginimo dydis ir specialybės paklausa darbo rinkoje; tikėtina, kad neefektyvus specialiųjų poreikių vaikų integracijos į bendrojo lavinimo mokyklą priežastis – pedagogų specialiųjų žinių stoka, kaip dirbti su specialiųjų poreikių vaikais. Sociologinių teorijų kontekste - ugdymas ir saviugda tampa visuomenės (sociumo) pertvarkos iniciatoriumi, siekiant žmonių gerovės. Kiekvieno individo gyvenimo kokybė ir galimybės tiesiogiai priklauso nuo to, kaip visuomenėje yra organizuojamas švietimas ir kaip tinkamai švietimo dalyviai atlieka jiems priskirtas funkcijas. Vykstant švietimo sistemos kaitai atsiveria naujos erdvės ir linkmės, kurių viena integruotas ugdymas. Parengta įstatyminė norminė bazė neįgalumo situacijoje esančių mokinių integracijai į bendrojo lavinimo mokyklą, tačiau iki šiol visi dalyviai susiduria su didesniais r mažesniais sunkumais. Tyrimo analizė atskleidė, kad išsiskiria požiūris, kur tūrėtų būti ugdomi... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The purpose of this thesis is to reveal the teachers‘ approach to education of students with special needs in a secondary school. The object of study: Teachers‘ approach to intergrated education in a secondary school. The objectives are: To present the changes in Lithuanian education in the context of sociological theories; review the stages of educational reform and the regulations of intergrated education; introduce teachers‘ attitude towards education of students with special needs in a secondary school. Hypotheses: it is likely that the status of a teacher is determined by the salary and the demand of specialty in a labour market; it is likely that the main reason of ineffective intergration of students with special needs is insufficient knowledge of how to work with them. In the context of sociological theories, education and self-education becomes an initiator of the changes in the society pursuing human well-being. The quality of life and possibilities of every individual directly depend on how education is organized in a society and how education participants perform their functions. Changes in educational system have an impact on appearing new subjects, one of which is intergrated education. Even though legislative framework for intergrating students with special needs in a secondary school has been developed, participants face smaller or bigger problems. The study revealed that there is disagreement in where handicapped children should get their education... [to full text]

Este trabalho apresenta uma ferramenta computacional para co-registro de imagens de SPECT e Ressonância Magnética, visando o auxílio ao diagnóstico de epilepsia. Em algumas patologias neurológicas são usados dois tipos de imagens uma anatômica (Ressonância Magnética) e outra metabólica (SPECT), tendo o especialista que fazer mentalmente a integração das informações contidas nos dois exames. Esse procedimento pode ser melhorado utilizando-se uma ferramenta computacional que possibilite a apresentação dessas informações de forma otimizada em uma única imagem, auxiliando o diagnóstico clínico. O co-registro é feito através de pontos posicionados por um usuário especialista, de acordo com as estruturas presentes nas imagens. São utilizados 7 (sete) pares de pontos, entre os quais é calculado o menor erro quadrático, utilizando-se a distância euclidiana. São selecionados planos e espessuras de corte coincidentes para as duas modalidades, e a imagem do SPECT é reescalonada de modo a ficar com a mesma resolução espacial que a imagem da ressonância. / The present report describes a computer tool for the coregistration of single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and magnetic resonance (MR) images to aid the diagnosis of epilepsy. Two types of images are used for some neurologic diseases, one of them anatomic (magnetic resonance) and the other metabolic (SPECT), with the specialist being required to make a mental integration of the information provided by the two exams. This procedure can be improved by using a computer tool that might pennit the presentation of this information in an optimized manner in a single image, aiding the clinical diagnosis. The coregistration is performed on the basis of points positioned by a specialist according to the structures present in the images. Seven pairs of points are used and the least squares error is calculated between them using Euclidean distance. Coinciding planes and section thickness are selected for the two modalities and the SPECT image is processed so as to have the same spatial resolution as the resonance image.

This diploma thesis develops methodology of arsenic speciation analysis by selective hydride generation with cryotrapping and atomic absorption spectrometry. Using this technique it is possible to determine toxicologically important forms of arsenic, i.e arsenites, arsenates and their mono-, di-, and trimethylated forms at concentration levels below 0,1 ng.ml-1 . The first part of the thesis is focused on testing tubular membrane gas dryers with nafion membrane for drying gaseous phase containing generated hydrides. The suitability for arsenic speciation analysis was investigated and transport losses of individual arsenic species were found. The second part describes mild digestion procedures suitable for arsenic speciation analysis in tissues. Two procedures were compared, acid digestion in phosphoric acid and more recent alkalic digestion by tetramethylammonium hydroxide. Digestion procedures were tested on certified reference material DOLT - 4 (Dogfish Liver) and chicken liver matrix. Key words: Tubular nafion membrane dryers, Arsenic speciation analysis, Digestion, Phosphoric acid, Tetramethylammonium hydroxide, Chicken liver, CRM DOLT - 4, Hydride generation, Atomic absorption spectrometry

Das hier vorgestellte Untersuchungsvorhaben hatte zum Ziel, natürliche Rationalisierungspotenziale im Forstbetrieb durch die Nutzung der spontanen Naturverjüngung von Buche und Eiche im Waldumbau zu identifizieren. Für eine großflächige sowie mittel- und langfristige Waldbauplanung sollten zu diesem Zwecke Prognoseinstrumente entwickelt werden, mit deren Hilfe die Etablierung der Naturverjüngung und deren Struktur abgeschätzt werden können. Einflussfaktoren für das Vorhandensein und die Dichte von Buchen- und Eichenverjüngung wurden vor dem theoretischen Hintergrund zur Samenlimitierung und Etablierungslimitierung nach Clark et al. (2007) untersucht. Die Ergebnisse führen zu der Schlussfolgerung, dass die Eiche im Untersuchungsgebiet durch Etablierungsbedingungen in ihrem Vorhandensein und ihrer Dichte limitiert ist. Die Ausbreitungsdistanz der Eiche übersteigt die der Buche deutlich und nur wenige Standorte lagen möglicherweise außerhalb der Reichweite von zoochoren Vektoren. Im Gegensatz dazu scheint die Verjüngung der Buche im Untersuchungsgebiet Samen limitiert zu sein. Die Etablierungsbedingungen schränken die Verjüngung der Buche in geringerem Maße ein. Die Dynamik des Klimawandels könnte jedoch zu einer Verbesserung der Etablierungsbedingungen für die Eiche und zu einer Verschlechterung der Bedingungen für die Buche führen. Mit den Prognoseinstrumenten, die in dieser Studie auf der Grundlage der Stichprobeninventurdaten gewonnen wurden, lässt sich räumlich abschätzen, welcher Faktor die Naturverjüngung von Buche und Eiche begrenzt, in welchen Bereichen Naturverjüngung zu erwarten ist und in welchen Bereichen Naturverjüngung durch gezielte waldbauliche Maßnahmen gefördert werden kann. So kann das enorme Rationalisierungspotenzial der Naturverjüngung genutzt und räumliche Entscheidungen über notwendige Waldumbauaktivitäten getroffen werden. / The aim of the research presented here was to identify natural potential for rationalisation in forest management by exploiting the spontaneous natural regeneration of beech and oak to drive forest conversion. Tools were to be developed for large-scale, medium- and long-term silvicultural planning. The purpose of these tools was to help estimate the extent of the establishment of natural regeneration and its structure. Factors influencing the presence and density of beech and oak regeneration were investigated in the context of the theoretical background to seed limitation and establishment limitation according to Clark et al. (2007). The results presented in this study lead to the conclusion that oak is limited in terms of occurrence and density by establishment conditions within the study area. The dispersal distance of oak clearly exceeds that of beech, and only a few sites were possibly beyond the range of zoochorous vectors. By contrast, beech regeneration in the study area appears to be seed-limited. The establishment conditions limit beech regeneration to a lesser extent. However, the dynamics of climate change could improve the establishment conditions for oak and worsen the establishment conditions for beech. Using the forecasting tools developed in this study on the basis of the sample plot inventory data, it is possible to estimate in space the factor limiting the natural regeneration of beech and oak, to identify the areas where natural regeneration can be expected and where natural regeneration should be promoted by means of targeted silvicultural measures. In this way, the enormous rationalisation potential inherent in natural regeneration can be exploited and spatially explicit decisions can be made in relation to necessary forest conversion activities.

Įteisinus bendrojo ugdymo sistemoje specialųjį ugdymą ir įsitvirtinus požiūriui, kad nė vienas neturi būti atskirtas, kad kiekvienas yra unikalus, visi specialiųjų ugdymosi poreikių turintys vaikai šiandieninėje mokykloje turėtų jaustis saugiai. Specialiųjų ugdymosi poreikių turinčių moksleivių ugdymas ir socializacijos sėkmė labiausiai priklauso nuo pedagogų ir bendraklasių nuostatų, elgesio. Tiek šiame darbe pristatytame tyrime, tiek kituose tyrimuose, atliktuose mūsų šalyje ir užsienyje, matoma, kad bendrojo lavinimo mokyklose ugdant vaiką su specialiaisiais ugdymosi poreikiais susiduriama su universaliomis, kompleksinėmis problemomis. Specialiųjų poreikių vaikų ugdymo bendrojo lavinimo mokyklose situacijai įvertinti interviu metodu buvo interviu metodu apklausta 14 pedagogų, dirbančių su specialiųjų poreikių moksleiviais, administracijos atstovas ir anketavimo metodu 140 moksleivių, kurių klasėse mokosi spec. poreikių turintys vaikai, 13 moksleivių su specialiaisiais ugdymo(si) poreikiais, ir 13 tėvų, kurių vaikams taikomos specialiojo ugdymo programos. Tyrimas įrodė, kad tenkinant moksleivių specialiuosius ugdymosi poreikius bendrojo lavinimo mokykloje svarbūs tokie veiksniai: · socialiniai (nevisavertis bendrojo lavinimo mokyklos ir specialiųjų ugdymosi poreikių turinčio moksleivio šeimos bendradarbiavimas; tėvai, vengdami pašalinių neigiamo poveikio atsisako specialiųjų ugdymo programų, specialistų pagalbos); · pedagoginiai (mokytojai neturi pakankamai žinių... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / After validation of special education in the system of comprehensive education and fixation of the opinion that none has to be isolated, that everybody is unique, all children with special educational needs should feel securely in today’s school. Education and success of socialization of schoolchildren with special educational needs are dependant most of all on attitudes and behaviour of pedagogues and classmates. Both in this presentable research and other researches accomplished in our country and abroad, it is observable that education of a child with special educational needs faces with versatile, complex problems. For evaluation of the situation of children’s with special needs education in comprehensive schools the method of interview was applied and 14 pedagogues working with schoolchildren with special needs and a representative of administration were interviewed, 140 schoolchildren, in whose classes the children with special needs study, 13 schoolchildren with special education (learning) needs and 13 parents, to whose children the special programs of education are applied, were surveyed by the method of questionnaire. The research proved that the following factors are important for meeting of special educational needs in comprehensive schools: · social (non full-rate cooperation of a comprehensive school and the parents of a schoolchild with special educational needs; the parents, on purpose to avoid negative influence of people round about, refuse programs of... [to full text]

Monster Business is a feature film project comprising a horror-thriller feature screenplay and an accompanying exegesis. The screenplay is about a best-selling author who is behind on the delivery of the sequel to his money-spinning first novel and is made an offer by an enigmatic stranger to help rearrange his working environment to facilitate the rapid completion of the manuscript. Over the coming hours, then months, the author discovers just how far the stranger will go to complete the terms of this bizarre and brutal new contract. This accompanying exegesis examines a series of 'paratexts' (a logline, a one-pager and a treatment) that the screenplay has given rise to. The thesis argues that the role of the screenwriter does not end with the production of the core text--the screenplay. Instead, in order to support the development and/or the marketing of the script into a feature film, the screenwriter is an ongoing generator of supplemental documents or paratexts. The paper explores the status and function of paratexts (loglines, onepagers, treatments and explanatory development notes). It further argues that developmental paratexts are a necessary evil, providing a sifting or culling mechanism for producers and production executives, and that they are intended to guide a project toward being 'greenlit' but will more often have, at best, benign or, at worst, negative or destructive effects on its development. In this way, developmental paratexts, although ubiquitous and pro forma, are inherently problematic.