I den här uppsatsen studerade vi förhållandet mellan enhetsarbetskostnaden och inflationen bland OECD-länderna. Den metod som vi använde var dels en regression av paneldata med fixed effects och dels en dynamisk modell där vi försökte urskilja det fördröjda förhållandet mellan våra intressevariabler. Förhållandet har länge debatterats och flera teorier har hävdat dess samband men empiriska studier har visat på dess motsats. Vi ville därför bidra till den tidigare forskningen genom att undersöka förhållandet mellan de båda variablerna med ett större antal länder än vad majoriteten av de tidigare studierna har undersökt, men också med mer modern data. Dessutom undersökte vi om förhållandet har försvagats över tid. För att göra detta delade vi upp våra data i två delar, en mellan 1995–2008 och en mellan 2009–2020. Den sista forskningsfrågan vi undersökte är att vi försökte se om förhållandet skiljer sig åt mellan USA och de EU-länder som är medlemmar i OECD. Uppsatsen är uppdelad i ett teoriavsnitt följt av den metod vi använder. Därefter följer ett avsnitt om resultat och analys. Till sist följer en kort sammanfattning. I uppsatsen finner vi stöd för att enhetsarbetskostnaderna har en betydande inverkan på inflationen och vice versa, vilket bekräftar Blanchards teori om att det finns en löne-prisspiral. Vi kan också se att den första eftersläpningen av inflationen har en signifikant inverkan endast när vi inte inkluderar våra kontrollvariabler. När vi vände på regressionen och studerade den första laggen av enhetsarbetskostnaderna ser vi att den har en svagt signifikant inverkan på inflationen, skild från noll. Vidare finner vi skillnader med avseende på uppdelningen i tiden. Våra resultat visar att effekten mellan våra variabler skiljer sig åt mellan 1995–2008 och 2009–2020. Vår tredje och sista forskningsfråga är om förhållandet skiljer sig åt mellan olika geografiska områden. Här fann vi att det finns en signifikant skillnad mellan USA och EU-länderna.

Master's thesis is devoted to the issues of stability spiral domains. It gives an overview of previously submitted behaviors spiral domains. Their features and some discrepancy with experi-ments were marked. For an explanation the experimental results in this paper proposed a model in which were introduced additional internal degrees of freedom - bending deformation of the domain boundary, resizing the inner core and changing the width of the domain. The equations describing the change of geometric parameters of the spiral domain were ob-tained as part of the dissipative model. In the model insulated spiral domain were considered on an endless film. The equations were solved by numerical calculation. The study identified two scenar-ios for the destruction of spiral domains. Discovered scenarios correspond more closely to the ex-perimentally observed than in models with only one degree of freedom. The work consists of four chapters, introduction and conclusion with 63 pages. The paper contains 41 figures and one application. / Магистерская диссертация посвящена вопросам стабильности спиральных доменов. В ней приводится обзор ранее представленных моделей поведения спиральных доменов. Вы-деляются их особенности и некоторое несоответствие экспериментам. Для объяснения экс-периментальных результатов в данной работе была предложена модель, в которой введены в рассмотрение дополнительные внутренние степени свободы – изгибное искажение доменной границы, изменение размера внутреннего ядра и изменение ширины домена. В рамках диссипативной модели были получены уравнения, описывающие изменение всех геометрических параметров спирального домена. В модели рассматривался изолированный спиральный домен на бесконечной пленке. Для решения уравнений применялся численный расчет. В ходе исследования определили два сценария разрушения спиральных доменов. Обнаруженные сценарии в большей степени соответствуют наблюдаемым на опыте, чем в модели только с одной степенью свободы. Работа состоит из четырех глав, введения и заключения общим объемом 63 страницы. В работе содержится 41 рисунок и одно приложение.

This study is concerned with the concept of internationalisation as a tool for disadvantaged minorities to affect change in their situation. This phenomenon has been studied widely with respect to authoritarian regimes and later on with liberal Western democracies. The current study has focussed on the state of Israel and the situation of its Palestinian Arab minority to investigate the origins and purposes of internationalisation, the extent to which these efforts have achieved the objectives that were set, and whether this process is in any sense capable of achieving them. The analysis shows that the internationalisation process whereby the Palestinian Arab citizens of Israel sought to reclaim their rights by invoking the support of the international community has emerged in the 1950s. It came to be perceived as necessary because internal legal and political processes were understood to be insufficient to achieve any redress for their grievances. The Arab leadership in Israel articulates internationalisation as a strategy designed to invoke the norms of democracy to question the conduct of successive Israeli governments, and counter the narrative offered by them on the world stage. The internationalisation strategy is seen to undergo a profound transformation from public memoranda, to civil and legal advocacy by invoking international conventions and treaties and finally to personal diplomacy. The results show that it is not a zero sum game; it is an especially effective method in different ways and with varying degrees of success. It created an extension of the critique of Israel’s treatment of Palestinians in the Occupied Territories to its Palestinian minority. Using the international law in the modality of legal advocacy to compel the Israeli state to adhere to the commitments it had made by acceding to an international convention, proved more effective than mere political pressure. Another factors such as the nature of the claims, geopolitical circumstances, global momentum, and domestic politics are crucial as well for the success of the internationalisation. Yet, Israel’s response varied in particular cases to minimise external critics, and its respect for the international law was uttered by utilitarian justification to protect its reputation. The application of the social constructivist boomerang-spiral model to the process of internationalisation is deemed to be a particularly effective instrument to explore both the potential and the limits of the process of compelling the Israeli state to conform to internationally supported norms. The results of this study demonstrate that the construction of the state’s identity as a Jewish and concerns over national security are potentially in conflict with the egalitarian democratic norms that it claims to be governed by. The implications of these two elements for the operation of the Israeli state has resulted in a failure to fully integrate its Arab citizens. The Nation-State Law of 2018 reinforces the legal and systematic discrimination against the Palestinians in Israel and explains why internationalisation has not been successful. 443 It is the first comprehensive investigation into a selected series of case studies that document international appeals made by Israel’s Arab elite due to three chronological periods: 1948-1979, 1992- 2013 and 2015 onwards. On a theoretical level, it is the first time that the spiral model has been tested in the context of Israel and its Arab minority. This can serve as a strategic information source for Arab MKs, NGOs and Israeli decision makers.

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<p>The phenomenon of image blurring on laser-printed or electro-photocopied paper has been discovered since the 1980s. In the 1990s, the problem was confirmed to be associated with the undesired surface conduction along the unique photoconductive polymer surface during the photoconduction process. Other than this, little progress has been made in investigating this phenomenon, due to the limited experimental techniques.</p> <p>In this thesis, the electrical properties of a commercially available photoconductor as a result of Corona charging were studied. Various techniques including vacuum deposition and step-function impedance spectroscopy were employed, to overcome the nature of the photoconductor that prevented the use of conventional techniques such as AC impedance spectroscopy. Negative dielectric constant (NDC) has been prevalently discovered at a broad range of frequencies (below 1Hz and up to 1 MHz) and it was questioned in the form of a physically-impossible inductor. This precipitous sign switch of dielectric constant is found in various areas ranging from physics, chemistry, biology to electronics. The magnitude of the NDC decreased drastically with the decrease of electric field frequency. The system obeyed the proposed free-carrier plasma model with a resonance frequency at MHz level.</p> <p>Commercially available polymeric photoconducting materials showing NDC at extremely low frequency are expected to provide unusual scattering to electromagnetic waves and therefore demonstrate profound implications with reduced cost. It has paved the way for many applications such as inductors in integrated chips without bulky coils and provides an insight into a possible revolution in electronics and photonics.</p> / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

Reverse Osmosis (RO) is a membrane-based separation process applied in several industrial and food processing applications. In this research, performance of RO process is investigated in respect of two applications (a) wastewater treatment (b) concentration fruit juices using model-based techniques. For this purpose, a number of models (both 1 and 2-dimensional steady state and dynamic) for spiral wound RO process are developed based on Solution-Diffusion model and Irreversible Thermodynamic model. The models are validated against actual experimental data reported in the literature before being used in further simulation and optimisation studies for both wastewater treatment and fruit juice concentration. Wastewater effluents of many industrial applications contain a variety of micro-pollutants and highly-toxic compounds, which are released into a variety of water resources. Such pollutants not only disrupt the biological ecosystem, but they also pose a real threat to the water supply for human consumption and to the aquatic ecosystems. The earlier chapters of the thesis evaluate the performance of RO process in terms of removal efficiency of toxic compounds such as chlorophenol, N-nitrosamine, etc. from wastewater. The effect of several operating parameters such as feed pressure, concentration, flow rate and temperature, on the performance of RO process are evaluated. Also, suitability of a number of different RO configurations for efficient removal of toxic compounds are evaluated. For example, (a) two-stage/two-pass RO design synthesis of RO network for the removal of chlorophenol (b) multistage multi-pass RO process with and without energy recovery option for the removal of N-nitrosamine are investigated. The dynamic response of the RO process for step changes in the operating parameters is investigated for the removal of phenolic compounds. Finally, in the context of wastewater treatment, a case study with multi compounds contaminants is suggested where a multi-objective optimisation problem has achieved the optimum rejection of all the compounds and recovery rate. In respect of food processing, RO has been considered as a prominent process in fruit juice concentration due to its ability to effectively retain the flavour, sensory, aroma and nutritional characteristics and concentrate the juice. This research elucidates one example of apple juice concentration process and focuses on highlighting successful modelling and optimisation methodology. This in turn provides an efficient method of RO process for concentrating apple juice by improving the reliability and efficiency of the underlying separation and concentration process. / Ministry of High Education and Scientific Research of Iraq

Summaries in Afrikaans and English / Outcomes-Based Education forms the foundation of South Africa's revised national education curriculum, known as The Revised National Curriculum Statement Grades R-9. The Van Hiele Model, developed for the teaching and learning of geometry, has already been used successfully in the school curricula of the Netherlands and Russia. Strong support for this theory exists in leading countries like America and Europe. This study has investigated the possible relationship between the Van Hiele theory and the "Revised National Curriculum Statement Grades R-9" and through critical evaluation found a great compatibility between them. Both are giving strong support for the spiral approach to mathematics education. It is recommended that all geometry learning programmes and teaching units be moulded on the Van Hiele Model. / Suid-Afrika se hersiene nasionale onderwyskurrikulum, die "Revised National Curriculum Statement Grades R-9" word deur uitkomsgebaseerde onderwys gefundeer. Die Van Hiele Model vir die onderrig en leer van meetkunde, is suksesvol in skoolkurrikula van Nederland en Rusland toegepas en geniet wye steun in lande soos Amerika en Europa. Hierdie navorsing het die moontlike verband tussen die Van Hiele raamwerk en die nuwe kurrikulum ondersoek en deur kritiese evaluering baie sterk versoenbaarheid tussen die "Revised National Curriculum Statement Grades R-9" en die Van Hiele Model gevind. Verder is ook aangetoon dat beide sterk gebruik maak van die spiraalbenadering in wiskundeonderwys. Aanbevelings in die verband is dat leerprogramme en onderrigeenhede wat die kurrikulum vir meetkunde in skole implementeer op die Van Hiele Model geskoei word. / Mathematical Sciences / M. Sc. (Mathematics Education)

Denna studie har genomförts med syftet att redogöra för hur förändringsledare arbetar samt vilka sensemaking-aktiviteter som bedrivs och är återkommande i förändringar gällande IT-implementeringar inom den svenska sjukvården. Studien grundar sig på en fallstudie där det som studeras är förändringsarbetet gällande implementeringen av IT-systemet MetaVision på Akademiska sjukhusets centralintensiv, CIVA. Uppsatsförfattaren har använt sig av metodtriangulering och således samlat in empirisk data från tre olika sorters källor. Semistrukturerade intervjuer har genomförts med ett urval av informanter baserat på deras profession, samt med projektets förändringsledare och superanvändare. Åtta stycken icke deltagande observationer har genomförts på avdelningen under fem veckors tid. Utöver det har dokument gällande förändringen samlats in. All insamlad data har sammanställts och analyserats. Studien mynnar ut en slutsats som belyser det faktum att förändringsledarens arbete och beteende är betydande för att förändringen ska gå att driva framåt samt att det finns specifika sensemaking-aktiviteter som ledare bör utföra under förändringsprocessens gång. Det går inte att urskilja enskilda aktiviteter som är viktigare än andra, då olika aktiviteter har olika betydelse i olika projektfaser. Detta beror på förändringens karaktär och vilken organisation som studeras. I denna specifika studie presenteras tre övergripande aktiviteter som varit betydande i det studerade projektets inledande uppstartsfas.

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