Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T17:37:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Alexandra da Silva Martinez-Franzener.pdf: 421929 bytes, checksum: ca226ce659881e848ca6a827e21ec7c0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-10-27 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / The leaf spot caused by Bipolaris maydis represents one of the main diseases of the tanzania grass (Panicum maximum cv. Tanzania-1), however there is no information about the damage produced by this disease. The aim of this work was to evaluate the damage caused by B. maydis in the amount and quality of the tanzania-1 grass production. Initially a diagrammatic scale was elaborated for the disease evaluation and afterwards was made an assay in greenhouse. Tanzania-1 grass plants was cultivated in tubes of PVC (50 cm of height x 15 cm of diameter) containing a mixture of soil and sand (3:1). Four treatments were used (water and 102, 104 and 106 conidia/ml) for obtaining different levels of disease, with seven repetitions. Severity and number of tillers were evaluated weekly. After four weeks was evaluated the weight of the fresh matter of leaves (FM), percentage of dry matter (PDM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF). The diagrammatic scale presented the following severity levels: 0.4; 1; 3; 6; 13 and 26%. The severity of inoculated plants varied from 0 to 20%. The disease reduced significanthy the tillering and FM after the second evaluation (P <0.05). There was not significant correlation among the variables PDM, ADF and the area under disease progress curve (AUDPC). However, there were positive (P<0.01) and negative (P <0.05) correlations among CP and NDF, respectively, with AUDPC, as possible result of the activity of the pathogen. These results showed that B. maydis inhibits the development of the tanzania-1 grass and it promotes alteration in the quality of the forage, but further studies are necessary to understand the involved mechanisms / A mancha foliar causada por Bipolaris maydis representa uma das principais doenças da gramínea forrageira Panicum maximum cv. Tanzânia-1 (capim Tanzânia), no entanto, não há informações sobre o dano gerado por esta doença. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o dano causado por B. maydis na quantidade e qualidade da produção do capim Tanzânia-1. Inicialmente elaborou-se uma escala diagramática para a avaliação da doença e em seguida realizou-se ensaio em casa de vegetação. Plantas de capim Tanzânia-1 foram cultivadas em tubos de PVC (50cm de altura x 15 cm de diâmetro) contendo mistura solo/areia (3:1). Foram realizados quatro tratamentos (água e 102, 104 e 106 conídios/ml) para obtenção de diferentes níveis de doença, com sete repetições. Foram realizadas avaliações semanais da severidade e do número de perfilhos. Após quatro semanas avaliou-se o peso da matéria fresca de folhas (MF), porcentagem de matéria seca (PMS), proteína bruta (PB), fibra em detergente neutro (FDN) e fibra em detergente ácido (FDA). A escala diagramática apresentou os seguintes níveis de severidade: 0,4; 1; 3; 6; 13 e 26%. A severidade nas plantas inoculadas variou de 0 a 20%. A doença reduziu significativamente o perfilhamento e MF a partir da segunda avaliação (P<0,05). Não houve correlação significativa entre as variáveis PMS, FDA e a área abaixo da curva de progresso da doença (AACPD). No entanto, houve correlação positiva (P<0,01) e negativa (P<0,05) entre PB e FDN, respectivamente, com a AACPD, como possível resultado da atividade do patógeno. Estes resultados indicam que B. maydis inibe o desenvolvimento do capim Tanzânia-1 e promove alteração na qualidade da forragem, mas maiores estudos são necessários para compreender os mecanismos envolvidos

O Brasil é o maior produtor e exportador de suco de laranja, sendo esta uma das mais importantes atividades econômicas para o país. Os frutos são afetados pela mancha preta dos citros, causada por Guignardia citricarpa, que deprecia comercialmente os frutos, provoca queda prematura e eleva o custo de produção. Medidas alternativas ao controle químico clássico vêm sendo estudadas e, neste contexto, insere-se a indução de resistência. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos in vitro da quitosana e radiação UV-C sobre o crescimento micelial, germinação e formação de apressórios por G. citricarpa e a ação destes agentes abióticos no controle da doença em laranjas pós-colheita, sob armazenamento ambiente e refrigerado, estudando-se também mecanismos de resistência ativados no tecido vegetal em resposta ao tratamento de melhor eficiência. Para tanto, foram utilizadas as concentrações de 0; 0,5; 1,0; 1,5; 2,0 e 3,0% de quitosana e as doses de 0,52; 1,04; 3,13; 10,44 e 15,66 kJ.m-2 da radiação UV-C. A quitosana inibiu o crescimento micelial do fungo e estimulou a germinação e formação de apressórios, os quais se mostraram morfologicamente alterados. A UV-C não inibiu o crescimento micelial, porém a maior dose ocasionou o menor crescimento. Para os experimentos in vivo, laranjas foram coletadas, lavadas, sanitizadas com hipoclorito e posteriormente tratadas. As concentrações de 0,5, 1,0 e 2,0% de quitosana e a dose de 7 kJ m-2 da UV-C apresentaram melhor resultado em laranjas ?Valência? na redução dos sintomas. Análise da cor da casca dos frutos irradiados revelou que houve leve escurecimento. Os fungicidas tiabendazol e imazalil não controlaram a doença em laranjas ?Pêra Rio?, porém, obteve-se menos lesões nos frutos tratados com os fungicidas em combinação com quitosana, tanto em temperatura ambiente quanto em refrigeração. Análises da cor da casca indicaram amarelecimento e não houve alterações significativas nos teores de sólidos solúveis, acidez titulável, pH, vitamina C e ratio. Nos ensaios com quitosana, tiabendazol e UV-C, a quitosana apresentou melhor controle da doença, aplicada isoladamente ou em conjunto com o fungicida e UV-C, em temperatura ambiente ou refrigeração. A quitosana e a proteína harpina apresentaram controle semelhante e, em comparação com o ácido cítrico, a quitosana ocasionou melhor controle em laranjas ?Valência?. Para análises bioquímicas, amostras de flavedo foram homogeneizadas em de tampão acetato, com posterior centrifugação, coletando-se o sobrenadante. Para as reações enzimáticas, foram utilizados os reagentes CM-chitin-RBV, CMCurdlan- RBB, guaiacol, catecol e L-fenilalanina para quitinase, glucanase, peroxidase, polifenoloxidase e fenilalanina amônia-liase, respectivamente. Para a determinação de fenóis, amostras do flavedo foram homogeneizadas em metanol acidificado e a dosagem feita com o reagente Folin-Ciocalteau. A quitosana induziu o aumento da atividade das enzimas nas primeiras 24 h após o tratamento, sendo neste tempo detectada a maior atividade. Não houve atividade de fenilalanina amônia-liase, bem como acúmulo de fenóis. Finalmente, fica evidenciado que quitosana e a UV-C apresentaram efeito in vitro sobre G. citricarpa, porém somente a quitosana exibiu potencial no controle da mancha preta em laranja pós colheita. / Brazil is the biggest producer and exporter of orange juice, and this is one of the most important economical activities for the country. The fruits can be affected by the citrus black spot, disease caused by the fungus Guignardia citricarpa, which depreciates then commercially, causes premature fall and increases the production cost. Alternative measures to the chemical control are being studied and, in this context, resistance induction can be considered. The present work had as objective evaluate the in vitro effects of chitosan and UV-C radiation on mycelial growth, germination and apressorium formation by G. citricarpa and the action of the abiotic agents on controlling the disease on postharvest oranges, under room temperature and refrigeration storage, also studying the mechanisms of resistance in the plant tissue in response to the better treatment. The chitosan concentrations were 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5; 2.0 and 3.0% and the UVC doses were 0.52, 1.04, 3.13, 10.44 and 15.66 kJ.m-2. Chitosan inhibited mycelial growth and stimulated the germination and the apressorium formation that were morphologically abnormal. UV-C did not inhibited mycelial growth, but reduced it at the highest dose used. For the in vivo experiments, oranges were collected, sanitized with hypochlorite and treated. Chitosan concentrations of 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0% and the UV-C dose of 7 kJ m-2 exhibited better results in ?Valência ? oranges. Analyses of peel color of irradiated fruits revealed a light browning. The fungicides thiabendazole and imazalil did not control the disease in ?Pêra Rio ? oranges, but fewer lesions appeared on fruits treated with the fungicides in association with chitosan, under room temperature and refrigeration. Color analysis of peel indicated yellowing and no significant differences among soluble solids, titratable acidity, pH vitamin C and ratio. In the chitosan, thiabendazole and UV-C assays, there was a better control of lesion appearing by treatment with chitosan, applied alone or in association with fungicide and UV-C, at room temperature or refrigeration. Chitosan and the harpin protein were similar on the controlling of the disease and, in comparison to the citric acid, chitosan presented better control on ?Valência? oranges. For biochemical analysis, flavedo samples were homogenized in acetate buffer, centrifuged, and the supernatant collected. The reagents used were CM-chitin-RBV, CM-Curdlan-RBB, guaiacol, cathecol and L-phenylalanine for chitinase, glucanase, peroxidase, polyphenoloxidase and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, respectively. For phenol determination, flavedo was homogenized in acidified methanol and the evaluation was made with Folin-Ciocalteau. Chitosan increased enzyme activities in the first 24 h after treatment, with the highest activity in that time. Activity of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase was not detected, well as absent of phenolic compounds accumulation. Chitosan and UV-C exhibited in vitro effect on G. citricarpa, however, only chitosan showed potential on the control of black spot in postharvest oranges.

Foram conduzidos quatro experimentos com a cultivar 'Carioca' do feijoeiro (Phaseolus vulgaris), objetivando a possibilidade de implementação de um sistema de manejo integrado da ferrugem e mancha angular do feijoeiro após a intervenção com os fungicidas oxycarboxin (Hokko Plantvax 750 - 700 gramas/ha) e trifenil hidróxido de estanho (Mertin â - 660 ml/ha), respectivamente, aplicados em diferentes épocas. Foi realizada a quantificação de danos nesses patossistemas, verificando por meio de regressões lineares e não lineares as possíveis relações existentes entre as variáveis integrais AUDPC (área sob a curva de progresso de doença)¸ HAD (duração da área foliar sadia) e HAA (absorção da área foliar sadia) e suas correspondentes HLAI (índice de área foliar sadio) e HRI (absorção da área foliar por unidade de tempo) com a produção (gramas/planta). Os melhores resultados foram obtidos com as variáveis HAD e HAA, com coeficientes de determinação (R 2 ) variáveis entre 0,19 e 0,56 para HAD e 0,23 e 0,49 para HAA. Quando as variáveis HLAI e HRI foram relacionadas com a produção, os coeficientes de determinação variaram entre 0,24 e 0,57 para HLAI e 0,28 e 0,56 para HRI. A partir das avaliações semanais de HLAI e HRI foram realizadas regressões lineares entre estas variáveis e a produção (gramas/planta). Os coeficientes angulares foram relacionados com os estádios de desenvolvimento observando-se a estabilização das curvas entre os estádios R5-R8 para o patossistema ferrugem - feijão e entre os estádios V4-R8 para o patossistema mancha angular - feijão para HLAI e HRI. Nesses experimentos foram também realizadas avaliações do Índice de Área Foliar (LAI) utilizando-se medições diretas (avaliações manuais) e indiretas com ceptômetro. As medições obtidas com o este equipamento apresentaram sensibilidade suficiente para captar as variações no índice de área foliar sadio e portanto podem ser usadas em sistemas de manejo integrado da ferrugem e da mancha angular do feijoeiro. / Four trials were carried out on dry beans (Phaseolus vulgaris), variety 'Carioca' with goal to verify the possibility of implementation of an integrated management system for rust and angular spot after the application with of oxycarboxin (Hokko Plantvax 750 - 700 g/ha) and trifenil stannic hydroxide (Mertin â - 660 ml/ha) fungicides, applied in different timings. The damage quantification in these pathosystems were done analyzing the possible existing relation among the integral variables AUPDC (Area Under Disease Progress Curve), HAD (Healthy Area Duration) and HAA (Healthy Area Absorption) and its correspondents HLAI (Healthy Leaf Area Index) and HRI (Healthy Radiation Intercept) with yield (grams/plant) through linear and non linear regression. The best results were obtained using the variables HAD and HAA with the determination coefficients (R 2 ) from 0.19 to 0.56 for HAD and 0.23 to 0.49 for HAA. When HLAI and HRI were related with yield, the determination coefficient ranged from 0.24 and 0.57 for HLAI and 0.28 to 0.56 for HRI. From weekly assessments of HLAI and HRI, linear regression analysis were done between those variables and yield (grams/plant). The angular coefficient were related with the different crop stages and the stability of curves was observed between R5-R8 stages for rust - dry bean pathosystem and between V4-V8 stages for angular spot - dry bean pathosystem when HLAI and HRI were analyzed. In these experiments, Leaf Area Indice (LAI) was also assessed with direct (manual) and indirect measures with a ceptometer. The measures obtained using this set provided necessary sensibility to catch HLAI variation and, therefore, may be used in an integrated management system of rust and angular spot in dry beans.

A produção de energia elétrica em usinas de açúcar e álcool em sistema de co-geração tendo como combustível o bagaço da cana-de-açúcar é uma prática tradicional. No Brasil, desde os anos 1980, as usinas evoluíram para uma posição de quase auto-suficiência na produção de eletricidade, indicando um forte potencial de produção de eletricidade excedente que pode ser incorporado à matriz energética nacional como complemento. O interesse pela geração de energia por fontes renováveis ganhou destaque devido ao risco de desabastecimento e à necessidade de adequações tecnológicas por parte das usinas. Entretanto, embora o potencial exista, há fatores que influenciam e colocam em risco a decisão de uma usina investir na geração de excedentes que devem ser analisados, dentre eles a volatilidade dos preços da energia. O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar o processo de formação de preço da energia elétrica gerada a partir de biomassa negociada no Ambiente de Contratação Livre (ACL). Neste ambiente, a energia gerada por biomassa pode ser negociada bilateralmente por agentes privados (geradores e consumidores livres). Mais precisamente, pretende-se mostrar como o risco hidrológico incorporado no processo de formação de preço e no despacho físico da geração do sistema hidrotérmico brasileiro afeta o preço da energia elétrica gerada a partir de biomassa negociada no ACL, dadas suas atuais características institucionais. Para isso, desenvolve-se um mercado artificial de energia elétrica gerada por biomassa que busca captar as principais características institucionais do ACL. Várias simulações são geradas pelo modelo computacional, as quais mostram o impacto negativo da volatilidade do preço de curto prazo sobre os preços da energia elétrica gerada por biomassa negociada no ACL. / Electricity generation in ethanol and sugar mills using bagasse as a fuel in cogeneration process is a traditional practice. In Brazil, since the 1980s mills have evolved to a position of almost self-sufficiency in electricity production, which indicates a strong potential of electricity surplus that can be used as a complement in the electricity national matrix. Such interest for electricity generation from renewable sources got outstanding due to the lack of supply risk and also the mills necessity of technological adaptations. However, even though the potential exists, there are some factors that influence and put in risk a mills decision to invest in electricity surplus generation which must be evaluated, such as energy prices volatility. The objective of this work is to analyze the electricity price setting process generated by sugarcane biomass and negotiated in the Free Agreement Environment (ACL). In this environment, biomass generated electricity can be negotiated among private agents (free consumers and generators). More precisely, the aim is to show how the hydrological risk that is part of the price setting process and of the system physical dispatch affects the price of the biomass electricity in the ACL, given its actual institutional features. To enable that, an electricity biomass artificial market is developed with the aim to capture the main institutional features of ACL. Several simulations are generated by this computational model, which show the negative impact of spot price volatility over the biomass electricity prices in ACL.

Lily leaf spot disease, caused by the fungal phytopathogen, Pseudocercosporella inconspicua, infects Lilium canadense and L. grayi. The disease is currently ubiquitous in populations throughout the range of L. grayi. To determine the historical prevalence of the disease, lily specimens from eight herbaria were examined visually and microscopically, and a search for records of the pathogen was conducted using mycology databases and relevant literature. Of 516 herbarium specimens, two L. canadense and one L. grayi had the characteristic leaf lesions that contained diagnostic conidia of P. inconspicua. All three diseased specimens were collected prior to 1950. Mycological collections included two North American records of P. inconspicua on L. canadense, two on L. michiganense, one on L. philadelphicum var. andinum, and one on a cultivated Eurasian lily hybrid. Interestingly, the earliest diseased herbarium specimens were from the northeastern US with a later appearance in the southern Appalachians, a pattern also present in mycological collections of P. inconspicua. The rarity of historical specimens with disease, the temporal geographic pattern of occurrence, and the ubiquity of P. inconspicua in current populations of L. grayi suggest the spread of lily leaf spot disease in North America may threaten the viability of native Lilium host species.

L'étude de ce complexe plutonique alcalin fut multidisciplinaire mêlant, observations et mesures sur le terrain, ASM, pétrographie, minéralogie, géochimie (majeur et traces), géochimie isotopique Rb/Sr et Sm/Nd et géochronologie U-Pb sur zircons. La synthèse des résultats démontre la participation minoritaire de plusieurs sources (manteau métasomatisé et fragments continental) en plus de la source prédominante qui est le manteau typique du panache de Kerguelen. Dans un environnement magmatique ouvert, les magmas contaminés ont formé la plus ancienne série magmatique calcique du complexe. La seconde et plus jeune série magmatique a produit (dans un environnement clos) des roches de plus en plus agpaïtique au cours de la différenciation. La mise en place progressive mais diachrone des intrusions s'est faite entre 11,7 (au sud) et 7,9 Ma (au nord). Enfin, le mode de construction de ce pluton en fait un exemple unique connu de laccolithe en contexte intraplaque océanique. / The study of this alkaline plutonic complex was multidisciplinary, mixing field observations and measurements, AMS, petrography, mineralogy, geochemistry (major and traces), isotopic geochemistry Rb / Sr and Sm / Nd and geochronology U-Pb on zircons. The synthesis of the results shows the minor participation of several sources (metasomatised mantle and continental fragments) in addition to the predominant source which is the typical asthenospheric mantle of the Kerguelen plume. In a dynamic and open magmatic system, the contaminated magmas formed the oldest magmatic and calcic series of the complex. The second and younger magmatic series produced (in a closed environment) more and more agpaitic rocks during differentiation. The incremental emplacement of the intrusions occurred between 11.7 (in the south) and 7.9 Ma (in the north). Finally, the type of construction of this pluton makes it a unique known example of laccolith in oceanic within-plate settings.

Depuis la démonstration de l’extrême sensibilité de la spectroscopie Raman exaltée de surface (acronyme SERS en anglais) à la fin des années 90, un des défis actuels consiste à élaborer des substrats SERS actifs composés de nanoparticules ayant des formes anisotropes avec des pointes prononcées ou des nanoparticules couplées de manière contrôlée et reproductible. De tels systèmes génèrent en effet une forte exaltation du champ électromagnétique, respectivement sur les régions à fort rayon de courbure et au sein de l’interstice. Ce fort confinement du champ, on parlera de point chaud, est essentiel dans le but de détecter de très faibles quantités de molécules. L’objectif principal de ma thèse est de développer et de caractériser finement de nouveaux substrats SERS obtenus par des méthodes d’élaboration chimiques (fonctionnalisation de surface) de substrats à points chauds contrôlés. La réalisation de tels substrats vise également une meilleure compréhension des mécanismes d’exaltation électromagnétique à l’origine de l’effet SERS. / The design of novel plasmonic platforms for Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) constitutes a very active field of research in nanosciences. Such platforms can be used for the detection and identification of various analytes at very low concentration, through a huge amplification of the Raman signal, resulting from the excitation of localized surface plasmon resonances. The main objective of my phd is to develop and to characterize new SERS substrates obtained by chemical assembly (surface functionalization) of nanoparticles with controlled hot spots. Design of such substrates contributes to a better understanding of the mechanisms of electromagnetic enhancement considered at the origin of the SERS effect.

Purpose: This in vitro study evaluated the effectiveness of using a 37% phosphoric acid liquid etchant along with MI Paste Plus™ powered technology compared to using MI Paste Plus™ alone or to an artificially created saliva solution in decreasing the demineralization and enhancing the remineralization of artificial carious lesions created on extracted human teeth. The teeth were analyzed and compared using polarized light microscopy, quantitative light-induced fluorescence, and digital photography. Materials and Methods: One hundred three recently extracted non-carious human third molar teeth without observable white-spot lesions, decalcification, or dental fluorosis were selected for this twelve day study and randomly divided into four treatment groups as follows: Group 1 (Control) - Artificial saliva solution (27 teeth) Group 2 (MIP) - MI Paste Plus™ application for 30 minutes daily for 12 days (26 teeth) Group 3 (15MIP) - 15 second etch every third day and MI Paste Plus™ application for 30 minutes daily for 12 days (25 teeth) Group 4 (1MIP) - 1 minute etch on day one ONLY and application of MI Paste Plus™ for 30 minutes daily for 12 days (25 teeth). Results: Results of one<–>way ANOVA revealed there was a significant effect for the type of treatment on the lesion depth (p = 0.0027). The post-hoc Tukey-Kramer's test indicated there was a statistically significant difference between the two groups (15MIP and 1MIP) that incorporated an acid etch in combination with MI Paste Plus™ and the group with exposure to MI Paste Plus™ alone (MIP). In addition, results of one<–>way ANOVA showed that there was no statistically significant effect for type of treatment on the change in fluorescence (p = 0.1417) or the change in density (p = 0.1934). Conclusions: The results of the present study revealed there was a significant effect for the type of treatment on the lesion depth (p = 0.0027). However, the only significant difference found was between the two groups (15MIP and 1MIP) that incorporated an acid etch in combination with MI Paste Plus™ and the group with exposure to MI Paste Plus™ alone (MIP). Thus, daily applications of MI Paste Plus™, with or without an acid etch, did not produce a statistically significant difference in mean lesion depth when compared to the control (artificial saliva group). In addition, the results of the present study showed that there was no statistically significant effect for type of treatment on the change in fluorescence (p = 0.1417) or the change in density (p = 0.1934). Further research is needed to evaluate MI Paste Plus™ capability in prevention of demineralization and/or enhancement of remineralization by conducting randomized clinical trials.

Cellular network expansion in rural areas has been traditionally slower than in dense urban areas. Area coverage in rural areas is fundamentally limited by the deployment cost for the operator. The 5th generation new radio (5G NR) network is designed to deliver unprecedented levels of capacity, high data rates, low latency and high reliability anytime and anywhere. The focus of 5G NR development is on relatively short-range communication using high frequency bands (e.g. mmWave-length) where lots of spectrum is available. For extremely long-range communication (e.g. in rural areas) high frequency bands are less suitable due to the high signal attenuation. One way to increase coverage in rural areas is to allow end users to deploy their own personal local hot-spot nodes that connect to the cellular network. A personal rural hot-spot can make use of higher transmission power and have better antennas than what normal user terminals can be equipped with. This thesis work will study the impacts of ”user deployed rural hot-spots” on the network like how much the network energy consumption can be decreased, what is the effect of discontinuation transmission (DTX) on network sleep mode and how inter site distance (ISD) can be increased to increase the coverage. One way to increase rural coverage by using the user deployed hot-spot is to reduce the network energy consumption for network operators and results show that by using user deployed hot-spots (enhanced UE) decreased the network energy consumption and while enhancing the BS configuration will require additional capital expense (CAPEX) investment for the network operators. User deployed hot-spot provide better connectivity for the users that are lying in network edges and helps to increase the inter site distance (ISD) of wireless networks.

Sustainable development is now being recognised as a vital component of our society in the environmental, ethical, social, technological, economic, and institutional aspects, or dimensions, so, this thesis develops a framework to quantitatively measure sustainability. This thesis is distinctive in that it focuses on quantitative methods encapsulated in a formal assessment procedure and includes sustainability concepts that have rarely been put into practical use in sustainability reports. The framework is designed along the strategy that the methodology needs to be scale invariant and recursive, meaning the procedure is the same irrespective of the scale the user is interested in, and that different people can focus at different levels of sustainability by following a similar procedure. While the quantification process is aimed to be as unbiased as possible, a configuration of the tools from Total Quality Management (TQM) is adapted to identify sustainability indicators which are then mapped onto a scalar with mathematical functions. The sustainability indices are presented according to the amount of details needed by different users ─ some may need just one overall figure while others may need sustainability indices broken down by the six sustainability dimensions and presented on a spider diagram, while others may need all the details for analysis. This methodology also caters for sustainability analysis by different stakeholders. To fully demonstrate the potential of the methodology, the author has chosen to test it on a large-size industry sector so that it can have the capacity to be scaled up to a country or down to a small business, and on an industry sector that is important on its own right. Furthermore, this sector needs to be illustrative and has nontrivial complex problems. Under these criteria, the electricity sector of New Zealand was selected. The robustness of the methodology was investigated with inputs from three evaluators with different views: a standard view from the author that was made after much research in the sector and in the concepts of sustainability, a view with an environmental bias and one that focuses on commercial interests.