Abstract Elastohydrodynamically lubricated conjunctions are often subjected to impact loading. In such case the squeeze effect plays an important role. This research uses a self-development EHL tester to explore the effects of squeeze velocity, load and viscosity of lubricant on the dimple film thickness occurs between two components approach each other. The contact region is studied by means of optical interferometry using white light, a microscope and a CCD camera recording equipment. The results of the test show that increasing squeeze velocity makes the dimple deeper. Furthermore, the maximum central dimple film thickness becomes greater as the viscosity of lubricant increases at the same experiment condition. When the squeeze load is larger, it will keep the dimple film longer.

Squeeze film dampers are used in the high speed turbo machinery industry and aerospace industries as a means to reduce vibration amplitude, to provide damping, to improve dynamic stability of the rotor bearing system and to isolate structural components. The effects of cavitation included in previous studies were not effective. The effect of different design parameters were not studied thoroughly as experimental investigation of squeeze film dampers is very expensive. Few of them used numerical investigation but the methods they used are either time consuming or complicated. The present study investigated the feasibility of applying a steady state solver, which is computationally less expensive, for analyzing flow field inside the squeeze film dampers. The behavior of dynamic pressure profiles at different operating conditions, and the effect of a central groove on dynamic pressure profiles were also studied. Simulation results of a 3D case which is similar to the one experimentally studied by Delgado were used to establish if the moving reference frame (MRF) model in Fluent 12.1 can be used. A steady state solver in an absolute frame of reference was used to produce whirling motion of the rotor in this study. The inlet pressure of 31kpa and the whirling speed of 50 and 100Hz were used as boundary conditions. The mixture model with three percent dissolved air in lubricant is used to model multiphase flow. Singhal cavitation model is used to model cavitation. The simulations (50,000 iterations) were run until steady state solutions were reached. The results closely agreed with those obtained experimentally by San Andrés and Delgado. Numerical simulations of three-dimensional cases with an additional central groove on the squeeze film land were also performed to predict the effect of central groove on dynamic pressure profiles. Addition central groove reduces the pressures and forces generated by squeeze film damper.

Argamassas no estado fresco são suspensões heterogêneas multifásicas com grande extensão granulométrica, tendo um comportamento relativamente complexo. Para a sua caracterização reológica já é empregado o ensaio de squeeze flow, método normalizado (ABNT NBR 15839/2010) que fornece informações importantes sobre o fluxo das argamassas em condições similares às de aplicação prática. No entanto, alguns fenômenos relevantes relacionados ao squeeze flow de suspensões não podem ser diretamente avaliados somente através da resposta padrão do ensaio (curva carga ou tensão vs. deslocamento), como o tipo de fluxo e a ocorrência de separação de fases, não havendo ainda um método consolidado para investigação destes efeitos. Neste contexto, uma técnica de mapeamento dinâmico da distribuição de pressão interfacial é apresentada como ferramenta para a complementação do método, visando permitir uma análise mais aprofundada durante o ensaio de squeeze flow em argamassas, nas configurações de área e de volume constante, que podem fornecer informações diferentes. Um método de quantificação gravimétrica da separação de fases foi empregado ainda para verificação do fenômeno. Essa metodologia inovadora requer desenvolvimento, e dessa forma são analisados, além da influência de variáveis do material, aspectos do ensaio e diferentes procedimentos de tratamento e calibração dos dados desenvolvidos para análise dos resultados. Modelos teóricos são utilizados para a comparação das distribuições de pressão experimentais com previsões para fluidos de comportamento conhecido, o que ajuda a indicar o tipo de fluxo predominante. O método desenvolvido mostrou grande potencial para a análise de fluxos complexos, sobretudo suspensões concentradas, e contribui com a ampliação do conhecimento sobre o comportamento reológico de argamassas e os fatores que o influenciam. / Mortars while in fresh state are multiphasic heterogeneous suspensions with wide granular extension, presenting a relatively complex behavior. For rheological evaluation the squeeze flow test is already employed, being a standard test (ABNT NBR 15839/2010) and providing relevant information about the flow behavior of mortars under conditions which are similar to those in practical situations. Nevertheless, important phenomena related to the squeeze flow of suspensions cannot be directly assessed by the usual results from the test (load or stress vs. displacement curves), like type of flow and the occurrence of phase separation. There is not yet a stablished method for the investigation of these effects. In this context, a dynamic pressure mapping technique is presented as a tool in addition to the method, aiming to achieve a more thorough analysis during the squeeze flow of mortars, both in constant area and constant volume configuration, which can provide different information. A phase separation quantification method was employed to validate the phenomenon. This original methodology require development, thus aspects regarding the test setup are analyzed, besides the influence of material, and different data treatment and calibration procedures developed for the analysis of test results. Theoretical models are employed for comparison between experimental pressure distribution and predictions for fluids with known behavior, which aids in the determination of flow regime predominance. The developed method has shown great potential for the analysis of complex fluids, especially concentrated suspensions, and contributes to the expansion of knowledge on the rheological behavior of mortars and the influencing factors.

As argamassas de revestimento são amplamente utilizadas na construção civil e, suas propriedades no estado endurecido são fortemente influenciadas pelas propriedades no estado fresco, as quais dependem de fatores como: materiais empregados; forma de aplicação; e interação entre substrato e argamassa. Os ensaios utilizados para caracterização reológica das argamassas não contemplam as alterações que ocorrem devido o contato com o substrato, gerando discordâncias nas teorias sobre os fenômenos pelo qual ocorre a resistência de aderência. Sendo assim, o presente trabalho visa identificar as alterações do comportamento reológico de suspensões cimentícias aplicadas em substratos porosos por meio do ajuste do método do squeeze-flow. Para tanto, foram utilizadas duas configurações do squeeze-flow, com e sem confinamento do fluxo radial; três tipos de base, sendo uma metálica e duas porosas; e, pastas com diferentes materiais, a saber: cimento; cal e filler calcário. A escolha da pasta ao invés da argamassa foi basicamente por duas razões: primeiro, porque a pasta é a parcela da argamassa mais suscetível aos efeitos de sucção capilar do substrato; e segundo, para simplificar o cenário de análise, eliminando a variável areia. Ambas as configurações apresentaram-se viáveis na identificação da alteração do comportamento reológico da pasta, devido aos fatores como: tipo de substrato; o tempo de contato entre pasta e substrato; perda de água da pasta; e energia de mistura. Além disso, observou-se que os procedimentos adotados, assim como o auxílio de outros ensaios, podem colaborar em estudos da influência de fatores como: temperatura; rugosidade; ângulo de contato; distribuição granulométrica de pastas e argamassas; e, principalmente, compreender os fenômenos que ocorre no período denominado como tempo de puxamento, ao passo que este influencia diretamente na resistência de aderência. / Mortar renderings are used in most of the constructions and their properties in the hardened state are strongly influenced by the properties in the fresh state, which depend on factors such as materials used; application form; and interaction between substrate and mortar. The determination of rheological parameters of fresh mortars doesn\'t include the changes that occur due to contact with the substrate. It generates disagreements in the theories about the phenomena of formation of the bond strength. Therefore, this study aims to identify changes in the rheological behavior of cementitious paste applied to porous substrates by adjusting the squeeze flow method. For this, two configurations of squeeze flow were used, with and without confinement of the radial flow; three substrate types; and pastes with different materials, namely cement, lime and sand. The choice of paste instead of mortar was basically for two reasons: first, because the paste is the portion of mortar more susceptible to the effects of capillary suction of substrate; and second, to simplify scenario analysis, eliminating the variable sand. Both configurations were viable in the identification of the alteration of rheological behavior of paste, due to factors such as substrate type; the contact time between paste and substrate; loss of water from paste; and mixing energy. In addition, it was observed that the procedures adopted as well as the aid of the other tests can collaborate on studies of the influence of factors such as temperature, roughness, contact angle, particle size distribution of pastes and mortars; and above all to understand the phenomena that occurs in the initial periods of contact paste/substrate and consequently in the bond strength.

Submitted by Maria Suzana Diniz (msuzanad@hotmail.com) on 2015-11-10T14:25:28Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 4860574 bytes, checksum: 7d8f4382d837797d850361eeced8c0c9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-11-10T14:25:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 4860574 bytes, checksum: 7d8f4382d837797d850361eeced8c0c9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-11-21 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The process Squeeze casting is a casting process in which the cast metal is solidified in the liquid state under pressure into a metallic permanent mold closed by a puncture. It is an economical and relatively simple technique, possessing great potential for automation and high production rates. The product is of high quality and usually has the final form. Currently, components of aluminum alloys, copper, magnesium, cast iron, stainless steels and nickel-based superalloys are easily manufactured by squeeze casting, for our work alloy studied for this process was the Aluminum Alloy Zinc. The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of operating parameters such as pressure and pressing time on the correlation between solidification macrostructure and mechanical properties of dilute Al-Zn through the process Squeeze Casting, alloy alloys used in this work of Al-1% Zn ; Al-3% Zn and 5% Al-Zn, and pressures of 50, 100 and 150 MPa and solidification without pressure and with pressing time of 5 seconds. The results show the macrostructure, tensile test and hardness. The study of macro-structure and properties of these alloys shows the effectiveness of this process in the grain refining and improves the mechanical properties of the alloys studied. / O processo Squeeze Casting é um processo de fundição, no qual o metal vazado no estado liquido é solidificado sob pressão dentro de uma coquilha metálica fechada por um punção. É uma técnica econômica e relativamente simples, possuindo grande potencial para automatização e altas taxas de produção. O produto é de alta qualidade e geralmente, tem a forma final. Atualmente, componentes de ligas de alumínio, cobre, magnésio, ferro fundido, aços inoxidáveis e de superligas à base de níquel são facilmente fabricados por squeeze casting, para o nosso trabalho a liga estudada para esse processo foi a liga de Alumínio Zinco. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a influência dos parâmetros operacionais como pressão e tempo de prensagem na correlação entre macroestrutura de solidificação e propriedades mecânicas de ligas diluídas de Al-Zn, através do processo Squeeze Casting, utilizou neste trabalho ligas de Al-1%Zn; Al-3%Zn e Al-5%Zn, além de pressões de 50, 100 e 150 MPa, bem como a solidificação sem pressão, com tempo de prensagem de 5 s. Os resultados obtidos mostram a macroestrutura, ensaio de tração e dureza. O estudo da macroestrutura e propriedades dessas ligas mostra a eficácia desse processo no refino de grão e melhora as propriedades mecânicas das ligas estudadas.

Submitted by Maria Suzana Diniz (msuzanad@hotmail.com) on 2015-11-12T13:09:59Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Arquivototal.pdf: 4725274 bytes, checksum: 00ba23047c493bdc8d085328b0239721 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-11-12T13:10:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Arquivototal.pdf: 4725274 bytes, checksum: 00ba23047c493bdc8d085328b0239721 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-01-05 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The squeeze casting process is a casting process in which the cast metal in the liquid state is solidified under pressure in a metal mold closed off by a punch. In general components manufactured by squeeze casting have fine grained, high surface finish and almost free of porosity, may be the same of different sizes and shapes, the mechanical properties are enhanced significantly in comparison with the traditional method of casting and, in addition, parts manufactured by squeeze casting possess superior weldability and are able to heat treatment, and finally compared to the common casting parts manufactured by squeeze casting are formed in one operation with a lower energy consumption. The objective of this study is to analyze the influence of pressure as well as the zinc content of the alloys in the secondary dendrite spacing, the hardness and tensile strength limit, and correlate the microstructures with the mechanical properties and process parameters. For this purpose we used the mass compositions Al-Zn 1% Al-Zn 3% and Al-Zn 5% solidified with the squeeze casting process using the pressure 50 MPa, 100 MPa and 150 MPa, and the pressing time of 5 seconds. It is observed that the increase in pressure causes a reduction in dendrite spacing until 100 MPa, pressure variations from this point up to 150 MPa causes a increase in the secondary dendrite spacing, was also observed that the Vickers hardness and the tensile strength limit have a relationship with the secondary dendrite spacing. / O processo squeeze casting é um processo de fundição, no qual o metal vazado no estado liquido, é solidificado sob pressão dentro de um molde metálico fechado por um punção. Em geral componentes fabricadas por squeeze casting possuem granulação fina, excelente acabamento de superfície e quase livre de porosidade, os mesmo podem ser de diferentes tamanhos e formatos, as propriedades mecânicas são aumentadas significantemente, em comparação ao método tradicional de fundição e, além disso, peças fabricadas por squeeze casting possuem soldabilidade superior e são aptas a tratamentos térmicos, e finalmente em comparação com a fundição comum peças fabricadas por squeeze casting são formadas em uma só operação com um menor consumo de energia. O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar a influencia da pressão assim como do teor de zinco das ligas no espaçamento dendrítico secundário, na microdureza e no limite de resistência à tração, e correlacionar as microestruturas com as propriedades mecânicas e com os parâmetros de processo. Para tal foram utilizadas as composições Al-1%Zn , Al-3%Zn e Al-5%Zn em massa, solidificadas com o processo squeeze casting usando as pressões 0 MPa, 50 MPa, 100 MPa e 150 MPa, com o tempo de prensagem de 5 segundos. Observa-se que o aumento da pressão causa uma diminuição no espaçamento dendrítico até a pressão 100MPa, a partir deste ponto variações até 150 MPa causam aumento no espaçamento dendrítico secundário, observou-se também que a microdureza vickers assim como o limite de resistência à tração apresentam uma relação com o espaçamento dendrítico secundário.

As argamassas de revestimento são amplamente utilizadas na construção civil e, suas propriedades no estado endurecido são fortemente influenciadas pelas propriedades no estado fresco, as quais dependem de fatores como: materiais empregados; forma de aplicação; e interação entre substrato e argamassa. Os ensaios utilizados para caracterização reológica das argamassas não contemplam as alterações que ocorrem devido o contato com o substrato, gerando discordâncias nas teorias sobre os fenômenos pelo qual ocorre a resistência de aderência. Sendo assim, o presente trabalho visa identificar as alterações do comportamento reológico de suspensões cimentícias aplicadas em substratos porosos por meio do ajuste do método do squeeze-flow. Para tanto, foram utilizadas duas configurações do squeeze-flow, com e sem confinamento do fluxo radial; três tipos de base, sendo uma metálica e duas porosas; e, pastas com diferentes materiais, a saber: cimento; cal e filler calcário. A escolha da pasta ao invés da argamassa foi basicamente por duas razões: primeiro, porque a pasta é a parcela da argamassa mais suscetível aos efeitos de sucção capilar do substrato; e segundo, para simplificar o cenário de análise, eliminando a variável areia. Ambas as configurações apresentaram-se viáveis na identificação da alteração do comportamento reológico da pasta, devido aos fatores como: tipo de substrato; o tempo de contato entre pasta e substrato; perda de água da pasta; e energia de mistura. Além disso, observou-se que os procedimentos adotados, assim como o auxílio de outros ensaios, podem colaborar em estudos da influência de fatores como: temperatura; rugosidade; ângulo de contato; distribuição granulométrica de pastas e argamassas; e, principalmente, compreender os fenômenos que ocorre no período denominado como tempo de puxamento, ao passo que este influencia diretamente na resistência de aderência. / Mortar renderings are used in most of the constructions and their properties in the hardened state are strongly influenced by the properties in the fresh state, which depend on factors such as materials used; application form; and interaction between substrate and mortar. The determination of rheological parameters of fresh mortars doesn\'t include the changes that occur due to contact with the substrate. It generates disagreements in the theories about the phenomena of formation of the bond strength. Therefore, this study aims to identify changes in the rheological behavior of cementitious paste applied to porous substrates by adjusting the squeeze flow method. For this, two configurations of squeeze flow were used, with and without confinement of the radial flow; three substrate types; and pastes with different materials, namely cement, lime and sand. The choice of paste instead of mortar was basically for two reasons: first, because the paste is the portion of mortar more susceptible to the effects of capillary suction of substrate; and second, to simplify scenario analysis, eliminating the variable sand. Both configurations were viable in the identification of the alteration of rheological behavior of paste, due to factors such as substrate type; the contact time between paste and substrate; loss of water from paste; and mixing energy. In addition, it was observed that the procedures adopted as well as the aid of the other tests can collaborate on studies of the influence of factors such as temperature, roughness, contact angle, particle size distribution of pastes and mortars; and above all to understand the phenomena that occurs in the initial periods of contact paste/substrate and consequently in the bond strength.

This study aims to better understand the behavior of magnetorheological (MR) fluids operated in the non-conventional squeeze mode through the use of a custom designed rheometer. Squeeze mode is the least understood of the three operational modes of MR fluid and thus its potential has yet to be realized in practical applications. By identifying the behavior of MR fluid in this mode, the foundation for future development of MR technology will be laid. Using the limited amount of literature available on squeeze-mode operation in conjunction with conventional principles associated with MR technology, a custom rheometer was designed and fabricated. A detailed account of the design considerations and background information on the fundamentals incorporated into the design are provided. The squeeze-mode rheometer was used to evaluate a variety of MR fluids to observe trends that may exist across fluids. Specifically, fluids of different ferrous particle volume fractions were considered. Through testing, common trends in fluid stiffness were observed for multiple fluids tested with the squeeze-mode rheometer. When operated in squeeze mode, activated MR fluid has shown to provide substantial resistance to compressive loading, possibly making it attractive for low-displacement high-load systems. The primary observation from the tests is that the activated fluid's stiffness progressively increases over the duration of fluid operation. This phenomenon is due to severe carrier-fluid separation coupled with the formation of ferrous particle aggregate clumps in the fluid. This effect is further explored in this research. / Master of Science

We present studies on squeeze film effects in dynamic MEMS devices with a special emphasis on the development of compact analytical models. First, the efficacy of lumped parameter modelling of dynamic MEMS devices is illustrated in MATLAB/SIMULINK software environment using a MEMS gyroscope and a MEMS microphone as examples. This is followed by a comparative study of equivalent electrical circuit models for a MEMS microphone wherein the importance of accurate extraction of lumped mass, stiffness and damping is brought into focus. In this context, a need for an in depth study of squeeze film behaviour in MEMS structures is highlighted and a strong motivation is drawn for the development of compact squeeze film models. A 2D analytical model for estimating squeeze film damping and spring force in perforated MEMS structures is presented. The governing equations based on isothermal compressible Reynolds equation are derived by considering an approximate circular pressure cell around a hole which is representative of the spatially invariant pressure pattern over the interior of the flow domain. The advantages and limitations of the solution are discussed with relevance to MEMS structures. Next, a comprehensive analytical model for 3D MEMS structures that includes effects of compressibility, inertia, and rarefaction in the flow between two parallel plates forming the squeeze region as well as the flow through perforations is developed. A modified Reynolds equation that includes the unsteady inertial term is derived from the Navier-Stokes equation to model the flow in the circular cell and the losses through the holes are modelled using Poiseuille flow. Rarefaction effects in the flow through the air-gap as well as the holes are accounted for by considering the slip boundary conditions. The analytical results are compared with extensive numerical simulations carried out using full 3-D Navier-Stokes equation solver in a commercial simulation package (ANSYS-CFX). We show that the analytical solution performs very well in tracking the net force up to the first resonant frequency of the entrapped air.

Les fluides magnétorhéologiques (MR) sont des fluides intelligents dont la viscosité apparente peut être modifiée rapidement (<1ms) par l'application d'un champ magnétique externe. À l'aide de cette caractéristique unique, les embrayages MR permettent de moduler rapidement un couple entre deux surfaces sans contact mécanique direct. De construction simple et robuste, les embrayages MR offrent ainsi un potentiel remarquable d'innovation pour diverses applications robotiques nécessitant un contrôle rapide et une haute fiabilité, comme dans les domaines de l'automobile [10], de l'aéronautique [16] ou de l'interaction humaine [77]. À ce jour, les embrayages MR exploitent le fluide MR strictement en cisaillement pur. Dans de telles conditions, la densité de couple des embrayages est limitée par l'optimisation de la mécanique des embrayages (ex. : poids) [63] et les propriétés fondamentales des fluides MR (ex. : contrainte) [11]. Alors qu'en cisaillement pur, la contrainte des fluides MR est limitée à ∼100 kPa, des études récentes démontrent qu'elle peut être augmentée d'un ordre de grandeur (>1000 kPa) lorsque le fluide MR est soumis à une compression, avant d'être cisaillé [89]. La combinaison de la compression et du cisaillement du fluide MR pourrait ainsi décupler la densité de couple des embrayages MR, mais ce phénomène d'agrégation assistée par compression, aussi appelé squeeze-strengthening ou super-strong} (SS), est toujours très mal compris. Beaucoup d'incertitude persiste quant à l'origine exacte du phénomène [45], des conditions qui le favorisent [55] [75] et des effets qu'il engendre [31]. Dans le but ultime d'augmenter la densité de couple des embrayages MR à l'aide du phénomène SS, le présent projet de recherche vise à étudier le comportement rhéologique des fluides MR dans des conditions de compression et de cisaillement simultané afin d'en comprendre les conditions qui favorisent le phénomène d'augmentation des contraintes. Pour ce faire, un banc d'essai permettant la compression pure, le cisaillement pur et la compression-cisaillement simultanée des fluides MR est conçu et utilisé pour étudier le fluide MR lorsque soumis à des conditions de chargement typique des embrayages MR. Les résultats expérimentaux issus de cette vaste étude expérimentale permettront d'établir un lien direct entre ce phénomène et le celui de filtration, duquel un modèle prédictif sera proposé. À l'aide du modèle théorique, le phénomène SS sera étudié à l'aide de diverses compositions de fluide MR (ex. : concentration, taille des particules, viscosité) et différentes géométries de compression, ce qui permettra de valoriser le modèle pour la conception préliminaire d'embrayages MR qui exploitent le phénomène SS.