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11	Management cybernetics : computer simulation models of operational management organizations Al-Shawi, S. N. A. January 1986 (has links) Cybernetics is the science of effective organization, i.e. the science that describes the general principles of growth, learning and adaptation in complex, dynamical systems. Stafford Beer regards his viable system model as a design for effective formal organization. He also declares that since his model is explicitly based upon the principles of cybernetics, it facilitates consideration of what is and is not possible within formal organizations and provides guidance in creating efficient structures. The purpose of this research is to demonstrate and test Stafford Beer's ideas on the viable system model via the simulation of certain business activities. A methodology for getting access to the cybernetic body of knowledge is given as well as examples of cybernetic laws relevant to managerial and business practice. An important part of the work is devoted to the explanation and discussion of Stafford Beer's viable system model, and the importance it represents as a cybernetic method for the design of organizational structures. Simulation models incorporating the major activities of a business firm are represented and used as case studies to investigate how basic industrial organizations based on Beer's viable system model work under operational conditions. 003.5
12	Administration on the estates of Humphrey Stafford, Duke of Buckingham, 1402-1460 Story, Rosemary A. January 1973 (has links) The purpose of this work is to describe the system of administration which existed on the estates of a megnatic of the fifteenth century, using mainly the estate records, the accounts, as source materials. To set the period and the estates themselves in context, the first two chapters have been devoted to a consideration of the life and career of the magnate, Humfrey Stafford, Duke of Buckingham, and to a description of the estates, their history and their extent. The various types of accounts themselves as working documents are then described. From them it is possible to build up a picture of the estate administration based on the units of the manor or village and the receivership, and the scope and importance of the Receiver-General and the Auditor. The actual work of the memorial officers, the receivers and the auditors is also dealt with insofar as the running of the estates is concerned. Following from the organization of the administration of extensive estates is the secondary consideration of the men who ran the estates, their origins, their connexions with Stafford, their use to Stafford outwith the purely routine affairs of administration and their expectations of advancement within his service. As far as is possible, a study is made of these men and of the men who were supported from the estates by retaining fees, in order to discover their political importance to Stafford, and whether he used them as a means of increasing his own influence and power in national or local politics. These points are covered in the two final chapters and the conclusion.
13	Testing Deterrence Theory With Offenders: Assessing The Effects Of Personal And Vicarious Experience With Punishment And Punishm Sitren, Alicia 01 January 2007 (has links) Stafford and Warr (1993) reconceptualized general and specific deterrence into a single theory in which individuals' propensities to engage in criminal behavior are based on some combination of personal experiences with being punished and avoiding punishment and vicarious (or indirect) experiences with being punished and avoiding punishment. The researchers make a substantial contribution to the deterrence literature by accounting for the effect of punishment avoidance when assessing deterrence theory. Despite the theoretical appeal of this restatement, few studies have tested its empirical merit. The current study tests the applicability of Stafford and Warr's model but also addresses several key limitations that still exist in the deterrence literature. The present study was the first of its kind to directly test Stafford and Warr's (1993) model, blending specific and general deterrence, on an offending population. The majority of perceptual deterrence research examines largely pro-social groups. Evidence suggests that offenders may have unique decision-making processes and may be very different from those typically studied in deterrence research. Identifying the relevant deterrents among non-conventional or offending populations has significant policy implications. Additionally, in order to understand the decision-making process of criminals, this study incorporated alternative sanction forms from a rational choice perspective into the deterrence framework. This is a particularly salient point because non-legal costs may be more influential in criminal decision-making than formal sanctions. By examining the deterrent effects of several other factors (besides the traditional variables studied in deterrence models) among a non-conventional population, findings may suggest methods for designing more effective punishments. Therefore, the present study conducted survey research of high-criminality among an adult sample. This dissertation recruited 326 work release inmates from Orange County, Florida, and asked them to complete a written questionnaire. Results from the bivariate analyses revealed some support for the deterrence doctrine and the rational choice perspective. However, more rigorous tests of these predictions revealed no support for deterrence theory. Even though this study concluded that deterrence alone does not adequately predict future offending, the idea of choice was upheld. The results from this dissertation and from several other studies suggest the need for further analysis of the effect of extralegal sanctions on future criminal activity, especially among non-conventional populations. The current study offers suggestions for effective crime control policies and directions on how future research can clarify the inconsistencies between the theoretical predictions of deterrence theory and empirical reality. revisions of deterrence theory
14	Business Relationship Management : An In-depth study into the Business Relationships of the Construction Industry Stafford, Michael, Domeij, Emelie, McGonagle, Patrick January 2011 (has links) This paper is an in-depth study of business relationships in the Swedish construction industry and how e-commerce applications have affected the matter. E-commerce applications are being used by all types of industries, while the construction industry lags behind and is currently in the process of implementing such type of systems. Primary data was obtained through four in-depth interviews, three of which were conducted with leading Swedish construction companies, and one with a large supplier to the industry. The data obtained was analyzed using a series of academic tools such as currnet peer reviewed articles and models covering the topics of business relationships as well as e-commerce applications. Most importantly, the research revealed that communication on levels that affect business relationships has not decreased substantially wit hthe implementation of e-commerce applications. Secondly, an important aspect and prerequisite for a business relationship is the price of goods traded and geographic positioning. This may be an industry specific finding, due to both factors' high impact on total cost. Accordingly, the paper provides a model using the obtained data, as the current academic literature weighs aspects which suppoert the forming of business relationships differently. Business Relationship Management partnering trust relationship commitment interdependencies construction supply chain management e-commerce e-business relationship marketing Stafford model Business and economics Ekonomi Business studies Företagsekonomi
15	Forecasting the Present / A Media-archaeo-genealogical Inquiry into Project Cybersyn Gómez Venegas, Diego Ignacio 14 August 2024 (has links) Diese Arbeit versucht, die techno-epistemologischen Grundlagen des Projekts Cybersyn zu entschlüsseln. Durch die Rekonstruktion des technologischen Archivs wird zum ersten Mal ein detaillierter Bericht über die technologischen Ereignisse vorgelegt, die dieses Projekt in Gang setzten. Als Versuch, die chilenische Industriewirtschaft nach den Theorien der Management-Kybernetik zu steuern, gilt das Projekt Cybersyn als eines der innovativsten technologischen Unternehmungen der frühen 1970er Jahre. Da es im Kontext der Regierung Allende und der sozialistischen Revolution in Chile entwickelt wurde, ist das Projekt in der Regel als ein Produkt eines solchen Prozesses interpretiert worden. Diese Arbeit fragt jedoch, ob ein solches Verständnis nicht eine umfassendere Bewertung des Projekts und seiner Tragweite behindert. Daher wird in dieser Dissertation das technologische Archiv von Project Cybersyn untersucht, um zu klären, ob dieser Fall möglicherweise eine frühe Konkretisierung einer Techno-Episteme war, die wiederum einen epochalen Wandel signalisierte, in den unsere Gegenwart noch immer eingeschrieben ist. Mit Blick auf Wolfgang Ernsts Begriff der Agentur der Maschine zeigt diese Arbeit, dass sich in der operativen Konfiguration des Project Cybersyn klare technologische Prinzipien erkennen lassen, die nicht nur neue Modi für die Konfiguration und Zirkulation von Informationen vorschreiben, sondern auch für die Organisation und Interaktion zwischen maschinellen und menschlichen Agenturen. In diesem Sinne zeigt diese Dissertation, dass das technologische Archiv des Project Cybersyn das Entstehen einer Techno-Episteme und einer Techno-Politik signalisiert. Schließlich zeigt diese Arbeit, dass bei der Umsetzung von Project Cybersyn eine Reihe von technologischen Ereignissen einem allgemeinen Prozess des kollektiven Werdens weichen musste. Mit anderen Worten, diese Studie über das Projekt Cybersyn zeigt, dass dieser Fall als eine Vorhersage der Gegenwart funktioniert. / This research seeks to unravel the techno-epistemological principles underlying Project Cybersyn. By reconstructing its technological archive, this study presents for the first time a detailed account of the technological events that set this project in motion. As an effort to control Chile's industrial economy under the theories of management cybernetics, Project Cybersyn is considered one of the most innovative technological undertakings of the early 1970s. Developed in the context of the Allende government and the socialist revolution in Chile, the project has usually been understood as a product of such a process. This research asks, however, whether such an understanding may hinder a more comprehensive assessment of the project and its scope. Accordingly, this dissertation examines the technological archive of Project Cybersyn in order to elucidate whether this case may have been an early concretization of a techno-episteme that, in turn, signaled an epochal shift in which our present is still inscribed. With attention to Wolfgang Ernst’s notion of the agency of the machine, this research shows that in the operational configuration of Project Cybersyn, clear technological principles can be discerned; principles that prescribe not only new modes for the configuration and circulation of information, but also for the organization and interaction between machine and human agencies. In this sense, this dissertation demonstrates that the technological archive of Project Cybersyn signals the emergence of both a techno-episteme and a techno-politics. Finally, this research shows that in the implementation of Project Cybersyn, a series of technological events gave way to a general process of collective becoming. In other words, this study of Project Cybersyn shows that this case operates as a forecast of the present. Chile Kybernetik Stafford Beer Medienarchäologie Maschinen Cybersyn Medientheorie Archiv Transindividuelle Mensch-Maschine Kopplung Fabriken Arbeitskräfte Fernschreiber Telex-Netz Netzwerke IBM 360 Großrechner Systems Dynamics DYNAMO Sozialismus Kapitalismus Diagramme Wirtschaft Simulation Siemens T-100 Operationale Forschung Schreibkraft Sekretärin Chile Cybernetics Stafford Beer Media Archaeology Machines Cybersyn Media Theory Archive Transindividual Human-Machine Coupling Factories Workers Teleprinter Telex Network Networks IBM 360 Mainframe Computer Systems Dynamics DYNAMO Socialism Capitalism Diagrams Economy Simulation Siemens T-100 Operational Research Typist Secretary 983 Chile 980 Geschichte Südamerikas 600 Technik und Technologie 801 Philosophie und Theorie AP 15999 AP 15980 LC 13660 ddc:983 ddc:980 ddc:600 ddc:107 ddc:801

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