Skyrybos – kaip socialinis reiškinys: visuomenės nuostatų tyrimas Santrauka Skyrybos – tai viena iš netekties formų. Išgyvenant jas patiriama baimė, vienišumo ir kaltės jausmai, kurie būdingi žmogaus gyvenimo patirčiai, ir būtent tie išgyvenimai slepiasi už įvairių socialinių problemų. Skyrybos yra tokia netektis, kuri dar vadinama „mažąja mirtimi“. Daugumoje publikacijų skyrybų reiškinys vaizduojamas ypač negatyviai. Tačiau, daugėja nuomonių, kad skyrybos ne vien tik blogis ir jas galima vertinti įvairiapusiškai. Pastaruoju metu Lietuvoje vyksta šeimos transformacija. Ją veikia kintantys socialiniai, ekonominiai, kultūriniai veiksniai. Visa tai lemia skyrybų suvokimo kitimą. Šiame darbe aptariama skyrybų statistikos analizė, skyrybų suvokimo kitimas, šeimos transformacijos įtaka skyrybų priėmimui, šeimos transformacijos veiksniai (visuomeniniai ir individualūs). Taip pat nagrinėjami skyrybų reiškinio vertinimai, pateikiami skirtingi požiūriai (t.y. skyrybos kaip blogis ir kaip gerovė), analizuojama vyrų ir moterų padėtis po skyrybų. Buvo atliktas tyrimas, kurio tikslas – ištirti visuomenės nuostatą skyrybų klausimu. Tyrimo uždaviniai: išsiaiškinti kaip skyrybas vertina jas išgyvenę asmenys; išsiaiškinti kaip skyrybas vertina su jomis tiesiogiai nesusidūrę asmenys; ištirti kaip skyrybas vertina skirtingo amžiaus respondentai; ištirti kaip skyrybas vertina skirtingų lyčių atstovai; ištirti kaip skirtingai priimami išsiskyrę vyrai ir moterys. Buvo iškeltos hipotezės tokios kaip... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Divorce as social occurance. Research of society standpoint. Summary Divorce is one of the losses form. People who are divorcing feel pain of parting with close person, loneliness and fault. These experience hidden over different social problems. Divorce as little death. In different publications divorce image very negative. But, there are a lot of point of view when divorce represent not as harm. Latterly in Lithuania process family transformation. Determinant of this are: social, economic and cultural factors. In this work analyses divorce statistics, stand of point transformation, family‘s transformation influence, family‘s transformation factors. Also study such theme as divorce phenomenon assessment, present different points, analyses position of men and women after divorce. A research which purpose was to explore divorce as social occurance was done. Research tasks were to clear evaluation of divorce from people who was divorced and wasn’t; to clear evaluation of divorce from different ages, sex, city and countryside population. There were hypothesized that the divorced people value divorce more positive. Also that older people valued divorce more negative; divorced women heavily accept by society; men more positive valued divorce; city people more positive valued divorce than countryside people. To prove these hypotheses the method of interview has been chose. 100 respondents took part in this survey. The mooted hypotheses of research has been proved by summarizes... [to full text]

This dissertation is about the changing imaginations of academic social work in an increasingly entangled world. Broadly, my subject area is the history and philosophy of social work, with an emphasis on engagements with critical social theory. More specifically, my research explores questions of discipline, generation, and critical social theory in the Anglophone Canadian context as a means to better understand how shared perceptions of the possible and the desirable are “situated knowledges” (Haraway, 1988). To do so, I trace and theorize changing perceptions through a survey of educators, and through integrative interdisciplinary and philosophical knowledge work considering various dynamics of disciplines in general and social work in particular. Evoking my own generational standpoint, I raise as a collective disciplinary problematic the canonization of second generation critical social theories, and the need to engage in the collective work of disciplinary reflexivity on, and accountability to, the ways in which the conditions of existence and possibility of critical academic social work are changing over time. Methodologically, I elaborate a reparative historical practice through a slightly different genre or style of writing. This is a feminist strategy, one roughly within the (generational) turn towards showing what one combines and assembles and learns through engaging with the world as a means to invite further speculative and imaginative work. This strategy is also a means to begin to imagine a “post-expert,” “post-good” and “post-progress” social work, not because knowledge and intention do not matter, but because these organizing referents have each achieved a level of saturation in what they can produce in the world. As such, this dissertation contributes some of the conditions of intelligibility necessary for the collective work of imagining and reimagining something akin to justice or improvement through social work after the fall of so many left and liberal progress narratives. / Dissertation / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) / This research explores changing understandings of how social work in the Canadian state context imagines and intervenes in the world. My focus is on academic social work as both educator and knowledge producer, because the university is where some ideas and practices are refined and reproduced so that they can in turn be shared more broadly. Findings include the noteworthy influence of the university on the ideas and initiatives that do gain traction, as well as a generational structural to perceptions of the possible and the desirable. Overall, this research contributes a range of resources—historical, theoretical, empirical and speculative—to the collective work of imagining and reimagining social work for a changing world.

Widows in Nigeria endure adverse and traumatic practices that affect their health, well-being, and rights as women. After decades of struggle and resistance against persistent widowhood practices, this study sought to portray in Nigerian widows, hidden strengths, resilience, and agency rather than their vulnerability and powerlessness. Analysis of secondary scholarship, interviews, and survey questionnaires reveal that some Nigerian widows are able to cope even as they navigate through the challenges and trauma of demeaning and stressful practices. The results also demonstrate that the ability to cope and thrive under stress and adversity links not only to an individual’s personal growth and well-being, but also to their ability to develop agency and empower themselves. This study has implications for female empowerment and sociocultural change. Additionally, the results suggest a need for future research and interventions that further develop the concept of resilience in Nigerian widows.

The main purpose of the dissertation is to describe how four Swedish newspapers construct ethical standpoints and what norms they prescribe. This is done through a characterization of the civil disobedience discourse, in particular the discourse about animal rights activism and militant vegans, around the turn of the millennium (1990-2004). Questions asked are how Swedish newspapers construct civil disobedience, what disobedience is supported and what is condemned, and if the newspapers recognize the complexity of ethical dilemmas and facilitate well-reasoned ethical standpoints. The material studied is gathered from Stockholm-based newspapers: Dagens Nyheter, Svenska Dagbladet, Aftonbladet and Expressen. In total 1115 texts. The methods used are a combination of quantitative and qualitative content analysis, where the qualitative analysis is based on rhetorical analysis and narratology. The results show that there are mainly two overarching discourses. One supporting discourse, which is predominant in the representation of campaigns justified by economical issues, human rights, peace/anti-war movement and individual rights. One criminalising or demonising discourse, which is predominant in the constructions of militant vegans, the environmental movement and a campaign justified by democratic reasons in Sweden. In sum, the constructions are characterized by strong polarization, formalisation, ambivalence and a double standard of morality, which risk to circumscribe the understanding of moral dilemmas. The consequence is journalistic constructions where the ends justify the means when the end is a political correct, not defiant norm, or when the end is non political. The dissertation also argues that the concepts, specific words, journalists apply in their representation of social reality risk to set the limits for media representations, as well as for the public's understanding, of the social reality and moral dilemmas.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / There are several genres that disseminate scientific knowledge to society in the media sphere, such as television documentaries, printed news and reportages (MOTTA-ROTH, 2007, p. 3). This work focuses on the science popularization news genre, which presents scientific discoveries and quotes written published sources and interviews mainly with scientists. Therefore, science popularizartion texts are often framed as a debate between the source/voices, in which positive and negative evaluations of the popularized study are alternated (PARKINSON; ADENDORFF, 2005, p. 293). The objective of this work is to investigate to what extent the voices presented on science popularization news promote a debate on scientific discoveries. The corpus is formed by 60 science popularization news published in English, which were analyzed in the light of Critical Genre Analysis (MOTTA-ROTH, 2005; 2008c), including textual and contextual analysis. The results indicate that there is a multiplicity of voices that can be grouped into five enunciative standpoints: scientist/researcher, fellow researcher/technician/institution, government, public and the journalist himself/herself. However, the analysis indicates that two of these enunciative standpoints are more frequent and more prominent than the others: the scientist/researcher and the fellow researcher/technician/institution. The statements are inserted with the purpose of adding relevant content somehow related to the study reported in the news and rarely promote debate. The analysis points out that the journalists have a traditional perspective on science popularization (HILGARTNER, 1990, p. 519). Thus, it seems that we are still experiencing the second phase of science popularization, which began in the 20th century and is called Public Understanding of Science , in which the public is by no means truly participants, and the communicating process is mainly unidirectional, from science to society (JIANMIN, 2005). / No âmbito da mídia, há vários gêneros que disseminam o conhecimento científico para a sociedade, tais como os documentários televisivos, as notícias ou as reportagens impressas (MOTTA-ROTH, 2007, p. 3). Este trabalho enfoca o gênero notícia de popularização da ciência (PC), que apresenta descobertas científicas e cita fontes escritas e entrevistas realizadas principalmente com cientistas. Em função disso, textos de PC geralmente são organizados na forma de um debate entre as fontes/vozes mencionadas, sendo alternadas avaliações positivas e negativas do estudo popularizado (PARKINSON; ADENDORFF, 2005, p. 293). O objetivo deste trabalho é investigar em que medida as vozes apresentadas nas notícias de PC instauram um debate sobre descobertas científicas. O corpus é formado por 60 notícias de PC publicadas em inglês, as quais foram analisadas à luz da Análise Crítica de Gênero (MOTTA-ROTH, 2005; 2008c), incluindo a análise do texto e do contexto. Os resultados indicam que há uma multiplicidade de vozes agrupadas em cinco posições enunciativas: pesquisador responsável pelo estudo, pesquisador colega/técnico/instituição, governo, público e jornalista. No entanto, a análise indica que duas dessas posições enunciativas são mais frequentes e proeminentes que outras: o pesquisador responsável pelo estudo e o pesquisador colega/técnico/instituição. As declarações são inseridas com o objetivo de fornecer informação relevante relacionada ao estudo reportado na notícia e raramente promovem um debate. A análise aponta que os jornalistas têm uma perspectiva tradicional acerca da PC (HILGARTNER, 1990, p. 519). Desse modo, parece que ainda estamos vivenciando a segunda fase da PC, que iniciou no século XX e é chamada de Conhecimento Público da Ciência , em que o público não participa do processo de PC, e o processo de comunicação é principalmente unidirecional, da ciência para a sociedade (JIANMIN, 2005).

Female survivors of intimate partner violence (IPV) in Nigeria endure harsh and traumatic experiences that affect their rights as women and their well-being. As the phenomenon of IPV persists in Nigeria, it is not only a family problem but a critical social and psychological problem. This study examined Nigerian female survivors’ hidden strength, agency, and resilience, rather than their powerlessness and vulnerability. Analysis of survey questionnaires, interviews, and secondary scholarship reveals that some Nigerian female survivors of IPV are able to cope whilst navigating stressful and traumatic experiences. The results also show that survivors’ ability to thrive and cope under stress not only results from individual traits and use of agency, but also from external support. This study infers sociocultural change and female empowerment. The results propose a need for interventions and further research on the development of the concept of resilience in female Nigerian survivors of IPV.