As fascist movements took hold across Europe in the 1920s and 1930s, there emerged a body of lyric poetry concerned with revolution, authority, heroism, sacrifice, community, heritage, and national identity. While the Nazi rise to power saw the deception, persecution, and brutalization of conservatives both in the Reichstag and in the streets, these themes resonated with fascists and conservatives alike, particularly in Germany. Whether they welcomed the new regime out of fear or opportunism, many conservative beneficiaries of National Socialism shared, and celebrated in poetry, the same ideological principles as the fascists. Such thematic continuities have made it seem as though certain conservative writers, including T. S. Eliot, Stefan George, and Hugo von Hofmannsthal, were proto-fascist, their work cohering around criteria consonant with fascist ideology. My dissertation, however, emphasizes the limits of such cohesion, arguing that fascist poetry rejects, whereas conservative poetry affirms, the possibility of indeterminacy and inadequacy. While the fascist poem blindly believes it can effect material political change, the conservative poem affirms the failure of its thematic content to correspond entirely to material political reality. It displays neither pure political commitment nor aesthetic autonomy, suspending these categories in an unresolved tension. Paul de Man's work on allegory hinges on identifying a reading practice that addresses this space between political commitment and aesthetic autonomy. His tendency to forget the immanence of history, however, is problematic in the context of fascism. Considering rhetorical formalism alongside dialectical materialism, in particular Adorno's essay "Lyric Poetry and Society," allows for a more rounded and ethical methodological approach. The poetic dramatization of the very indeterminacy that historically constituted conservative politics in late-Weimar Germany both distinguishes the conservative from the fascist poem while also accounting for its complicity. Fascism necessitated widespread and wild enthusiasm, but it also succeeded through the (unintentional) proliferation of political indifference as registered, for example, by the popularity of entertainment literature. While the work of certain conservative high modernists reflected critically on its own failures, such indeterminacy nonetheless resembles the failure to politically commit oneself against institutionalized violence and systematic oppression.

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Syftet med att analysera fyra ungdomsböcker av Stefan Casta är att undersöka varje bok för sig, ur ett narratologiskt perspektiv, samtidigt som en jämförelse görs. Syftet är även att uppsatsen ska vara användbar för både lärare och elever i undervisningen och romanernas innehåll och form står i fokus. Jag avslöjar emellertid ledtrådar i romanerna och föreslår därför att romanerna läses innan uppsatsen, för att inte läsupplevelsen ska utebli. I den narratologiska analysen är det aspekter som romanernas handling, karaktärer, miljö, intertextualitet, berättare och berättelsenivåer, fokalisering samt romanens tid som fokuseras. Ett för romanerna gemensamt tema är ”kamp” och det visar sig att Stefan Castas karaktärer ofta är utanför, fundersamma och söker efter mening. Naturen i böckerna skildras både som en idyll och som ett hot och samtliga romaner berättas ur ett jagperspektiv med retrospektiva berättare där olika narrativa nivåer möts.

Inaug.-Diss.--Bonn. / Lebenslauf. "Literaturverzeichnis": p. [103]-104.

In this thesis we present the Stefan problem with two boundary conditions, one constant and one time-dependent. This problem is a classic example of a free boundary problem in partial differential equations, with a free boundary moving in time. Some properties are being proved for the one-dimensional case and the important Stefan condition is also derived. The importance of the maximum principle, and the existence of a unique solution are being discussed. To numerically solve this problem, an analysis when the time t goes to zero is being done. The approximative solutions are shown graphically with proper error estimates.

The present study is a comparison of two works of German language literature of the 70's, Verena Stefan's Hautungen and Peter Handke's die linkshandige Frau, which examines the background of both works, their themes, structure, style and language, as well as their interpretation of women's emancipation. A study of the literary background of the works will be undertaken, leading to a comparison of literary and social orientations reflected in the works. The central themes of both works will be examined in a parallel fashion to illuminate thematic similarities and differences. An interpretation of both works as women's literature and their emancipatory tendencies (conscious and unconscious) will be undertaken, to analyze the true extent of emancipatory tendencies in both works. Finally the genre, style and language of both works will be analysed, to define essential stylistic differences between the two works.

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The removal of milk fouling deposits often requires the diffusion of electrolyte solutions such as sodium hydroxide through a gel. Very often more than one single anion and one single cation are involved and thus the modelling of such diffusion requires a multicomponent description. Diffusion of electrolyte solutions through gels can be modelled using the Maxwell-Stefan equation. The driving forces for diffusion are the chemical potential gradients of ionic species and the diffusion potential, i.e., the electrostatic potential induced by diffusion of the ions. A model based on the Maxwell-Stefan equation was applied to electrolyte solutions and electrolyte solutions with a gel. When modelling the diffusion of electrolyte solutions, the resulting equations were found to be a partial differential algebraic equation system with a differentiation index of two. The identification of this characteristic of the system enabled a solution method using the method of lines to be developed. When modelling the diffusion of electrolyte solutions through a gel an explicit expression for diffusion potential was developed and hence the diffusion equations were solved. Numerical solutions were presented for a number of case studies and comparisons were made with solutions from literature and between different electrolyte systems. It was found that the results of diffusion of electrolytes were in good agreement with those of experiments and literature. In the case of diffusion of electrolytes through a gel, swelling of the gel was predicted. The model can be improved by adding thermodynamic factors and can be easily extended to multiple ion systems.

The Stefan-Maxwell equations are a system of nonlinear partial differential equations that describe the diffusion of multiple chemical species in a container. These equations are of particular interest for their applications to biology and chemical engineering. The nonlinearity and coupled nature of the equations involving many variables make finding solutions difficult, so numerical methods are often used. In the engineering literature the system is inverted to write fluxes as functions of the species gradient before any numerical method is applied. In this thesis it is shown that employing a mixed finite element method makes the inversion unnecessary, allowing the numerical solution of Stefan-Maxwell equations in their primitive form. The plan of the thesis is as follows, first a mixed variational formulation will be derived for the Stefan-Maxwell equations. The nonlinearity will be dealt with through a linearization. Conditions for well-posedness of the linearized formulation are then determined. Next, the linearized variational formulation is approximated using mixed finite element methods. The finite element methods will then be shown to converge to an approximate solution. A priori error estimates are obtained between the solution to the approximate problem and the exact solution. The convergence order is then verified through an analytic test case and compared to standard methods. Finally, the solution is computed for another test case involving the diffusion of three species and compared to other methods.

The thesis examines the phenomenon of the positive philosophy of exile in contemporary literature on the basis of Stefan Themerson's fiction. Themerson's positive attitude to exile and its antecedents--the Stoic ideal of "cosmopolis" and its eighteenth-century transformations--are compared to the views on expatriation expressed by another exiled writer, Witold Gombrowicz, to the moral philosophy of Bertrand Russell, and to the ideology of the twentieth-century avant-garde. / Within emigre literature the works marked by the positive philosophy of exile are treated as a separate form to be distinguished from the works in which exile is only a theme. The positive philosopher of exile bases his optimism on scepticism and the recognition of the arbitrariness of human values. The thesis claims that, although far from being universally true and free from weaknesses, the positive philosophy of exile has a genuine claim to validity as an attempt to contribute to the process of bridging cultural differences without compromising cultural diversity.