I detta arbete har målet varit att numeriskt beräkna en lösning till värmeledningsekvationen med rörlig rand med en slumpvandringsmetod. Analytiska lösningar samt lösningar med andra numeriska metoder nns det gott om, det stora problemet ligger i den rörliga randen. Första halvan behandlar en del teori kring värmeledningsekvationen, i synnerhet lösningar med Dirichletvillkor. I den andra halvan behandlas slumpvandringsmetoden för den homogena värmeledningsekvationen. Metoden appliceras först på enkla exempel, för att sedan lösa Stefanproblemet. I slutet av arbetet görs en kort felanalys för den numeriska lösningen av Stefanproblemet. Detta arbete har, som sagt, behandlat en lösning via en slumpprocess till ett exempel på värmeledningsekvationen med rörlig rand. Numeriska metoder genom slumpprocesser för att lösa partiella dierentialekvationer med just rörlig rand är något som det idag forskas på, varpå detta arbete ligger i linje med vad som är aktuellt för ämnet. Exempelvis så behandlar [1] en del kring vad som är aktuellt för s.k. free boundary problems och i [2] diskuteras det aktuella metoder för att utvidga slumpprocesser till ickelinjära problem.

The Stefan-Maxwell equations are a system of nonlinear partial differential equations that describe the diffusion of multiple chemical species in a container. These equations are of particular interest for their applications to biology and chemical engineering. The nonlinearity and coupled nature of the equations involving many variables make finding solutions difficult, so numerical methods are often used. In the engineering literature the system is inverted to write fluxes as functions of the species gradient before any numerical method is applied. In this thesis it is shown that employing a mixed finite element method makes the inversion unnecessary, allowing the numerical solution of Stefan-Maxwell equations in their primitive form. The plan of the thesis is as follows, first a mixed variational formulation will be derived for the Stefan-Maxwell equations. The nonlinearity will be dealt with through a linearization. Conditions for well-posedness of the linearized formulation are then determined. Next, the linearized variational formulation is approximated using mixed finite element methods. The finite element methods will then be shown to converge to an approximate solution. A priori error estimates are obtained between the solution to the approximate problem and the exact solution. The convergence order is then verified through an analytic test case and compared to standard methods. Finally, the solution is computed for another test case involving the diffusion of three species and compared to other methods.

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No description available.

Syftet med den här texten är att med hjälp av de historiedidaktiska begreppen historiemedvetande och historiebruk analysera hur den den svenska musikern Stefan Sundströms använder historia för att ge uttryck för ideologikritik i sina texter. Sju av hans studioalbum utgör grunden för empirin där den gemensamma kontexten är att de har givits ut under borgerliga regeringar, undantaget Fabler från Bällingebro som ges ut innan valet 2006 men som innehåller låtar som var en del i valrörelsen. Orsaken är att Sundström ser sig själv som den musikaliska delen av ett vänsterpolitiskt motståndsmaskineri. Texten diskuterar också hur historia kan användas som ett politiskt vapen. Resultaten pekar på att historiemedvetandet och den politiska musiken aktiveras i relation till en större upplevd förändring, vad Rüsen kallar ett ”borderline event”. Historiebruket är därmed oftast ideologiskt, men också moraliskt, existentiellt, politiskt- pedagogiskt och konstnärligt. Låtarnas tyngd ligger i den narrativa kompetensen genom att då- nu- sedan perspektiven förskjuter betydelsen från vad historia var till vad det är. Låtarna synliggör också historiemedvetandets normativa funktion och illustrerar hur historien kan användas i syfte att protestera mot befintliga strukturer. Förhoppningen är att resultaten skall ligga till grund för andra lärare som är intresserade av att använda sig av musik i sin undervisning.

Syftet med uppsatsen är att se hur moraliska föredömen framställs i två texter av olika karaktär - Stefan Einhorns berättelse ”Läraren” samt Aisopos fabel Lejonet och musen. För att få fram dessa moraliska föredömen genomförs en narrativ analys. För att lyfta likheter och skillnader i de båda texterna används berättar- och lyssnarinstans samt symboler och allegorier från den narrativa analysen. Berättar- och lyssnarinstans används för att se till den konkreta texten medan symboler och allegorier används för att se det underliggande budskapet. I analysen jämförs även texternas sensmoraler och hur de båda är uppbyggda fram till sensmoralen. Texterna jämförs för att se huruvida de båda kan verka som didaktiska texter.Grundtanken är att försöka komma fram till ifall respektive text kan ses som exempel på moraliska föredömen utifrån exemplumgenren. Vidare ligger syftet vid att försöka förstå hur texterna tas emot av läsaren och hur framställningen av de moraliska föredömena sker. Tanken är att se huruvida enklare texter kan fungera som moraliska ”kompasser” för människor. Slutsatsen blir att ingen av de valda texterna har ett narrativt djup vilket gör de svåra att analyser. Men bara för att en text inte har ett narrativt djup så behöver det inte betyda att den inte har en mening eller ett budskap den vill förmedla. Därför fungerar båda verk bra som exemplum då tolkningen är att författarnas syfte med texterna är att vara sedelärande. / The purpose of this paper is to see how the role models in moral are visible in two texts of different character - Stefan Einhorns short story "teacher" and Aisopo's fable Lejonet och musen. To obtain these moral role models a narrative analysis was used. To highlight the similarities and differences in the two texts a narrative- and listen instance as well as symbols and allegories from the narrative analysis are used. Narrative- and listen instance is used to analyze the concrete text and symbols and allegories are used to see the underlying message. The analysis also compared the texts morals and how the two are built up to the moral. The texts are compared to see whether the text can be seen as didactic texts. The basic idea is to try to come to the event and the text can be seen as examples of moral examples based on the exemplum genere. Further the aim at trying to understand how texts are received by the reader and the production of the moral role models occurs. The idea is to see whether simple texts can act as a moral "compass" for the people. The conclusion is that none of the selected texts have a narrative depth which makes them difficult to analysis. But just because a text does not have a narrative depth that does not mean that it does not have a meaning or a message it wants to convey. Therefore both texts works good as exemplum when the interpretation is that the authors' purpose of the texts is to learn the listener about there moral.

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo apresentar, analisar e discutir as relações estabelecidas de Stefan Zweig no período de exílio, utilizando sua correspondência entre 1940 e 1942. Grande escritor de cartas, Zweig possui uma vasta correspondência com escritores, intelectuais, editores, amigos e familiares; existem cartas já publicadas, em edições desde a década de 1960, mas muitas ainda encontram-se inéditas em arquivos na Europa, na América do Sul e na América do Norte. Nesse sentido, o presente trabalho se dividiu em três partes: primeira parte de coleta documental, in loco, em dois arquivos, a citar o Deutsches Literaturarchiv Marbach, DLA, localizado na cidade de Marbach a. N., na Alemanha e o Arquivo da Biblioteca Nacional, BN, no Rio de Janeiro, Brasil; a segunda parte foi a leitura das cartas e separação de um primeiro corpus, o qual foi traduzido. Na primeira seleção, foram levados em conta aspectos que pudessem ressaltar as relações de Zweig com escritores e personalidades da época, europeus, norte-americanos e brasileiros, e cujo conteúdo pudesse trazer elementos para posterior análise; e a terceira parte do trabalho constituiu no desenvolvimento da dissertação e a análise em si das cartas, as quais puderam ser separadas em três núcleos temáticos em comum: (i) Zweig entre o Mundo de Ontem e o País do Futuro; (ii) Zweig e a literatura; e (iii) Zweig em seu isolamento. Como base teórica do trabalho foi utilizado um texto escrito por Zweig, Kunst des Briefes, no qual ele discute as características pertinentes ao gênero epistolar e o estatuto literário da carta. Textos teóricos de epistolografia também foram utilizados para dar suporte à base teórica do trabalho. / This work aims to present, analyze and discuss relations established by Stefan Zweig during this exile time, by using his letters between 1940 and 1942. A great letter writer, Zweig has a great number of letters with intellectuals, editors, friends, relatives; there are some letters which have already been published, in editions since 1960s, but there are many that are still unpublished and are kept in archives in Europa, South America and North America. Therefore this work was divided in three parts: the first part was the in loco documental research in two archives e.g. Deutsches Literaturarchiv Marbach, DLA, located in Marbach a. N. city, in Germany and Arquivo da Biblioteca Nacional, BN, in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; the second part was to read and separate the letters from a first corpus, which was totally translated to Portuguese. On this first selection aspects were taken into account, that could show the relations between Zweig and European, American and Brazilian writers and intellectuals from his epoch, and that had a content which could have brought elements for the afterward analysis; and the third part was composed by the letters analysis itself, which could be separated in three different thematic groups: (i) Zweig between the World of Yesterday and the Land of the Future; (ii) Zweig and the literature; e (iii) Zweig in his own isolation. As theoretical basis a Stefan Zweigs text was used, called Kunst des Briefes, in which he discusses mainly characteristics about the letter genre and the literary status of the letter. Epistolography theoretical texts were also used to support this work.

Bei der Kristallzüchtung insbesondere von Halbleitern hat die Form des freien Randes (dem Interface zwischen fester und flüssiger Phase) einen starken Einfluss auf die Qualität des Kristalls. Die Dissertation befasst sich mit der Optimalsteuerung der Form und des Verlaufs des freien Randes. Als Vorlage für die in der Arbeit betrachteten Modellkonfigurationen dient das VGF-Verfahren (Vertical Gradient Freeze). Der Erstarrungsprozess wird durch ein Zweiphasen-Stefan-Problem mit durch Konvektion und Lorentzkräfte getriebener Strömung beschrieben. Der freie Rand wird als Graph formuliert. Das Kontrollziel besteht in der Ansteuerung eines gewünschten Verlaufs des freien Randes. Als Kontrollgrößen dient die Temperatur auf der Wand des Schmelztiegels und/oder wandnahe oder verteilte Lorentzkräfte. Das Kontrollziel wird durch Minimierung eines geeigneten Kosten-Funktionals erreicht. Das daraus resultierende Minimierungsproblem wird mit einem Adjungierten-Ansatz gelöst. Anhand numerischer Experimente mit Aluminium und Gallium-Arsenid Schmelzen wird gezeigt, das das vorgestellte Verfahren gut funktioniert.

[pt] A partir das possibilidades de diálogo franqueadas pela relação entre psicanálise e literatura, visa-se, tomando como recurso o texto literário encerrado em duas novelas de Stefan Zweig, a investigar, desenvolver e ilustrar os conceitos de amor, feminino e gozo, aludidos no título desta dissertação. Tomando a sexualidade feminina como referencial, pretende-se examinar o gozo feminino e sua articulação com o amor, restringindo-o a um construto teórico próprio do campo psicanalítico. Para tanto, considera-se as parcerias amorosas como via privilegiada de demonstração e incidência do fenômeno da devastação para uma elucidação mais apurada acerca das ideias propostas como dirigentes deste trabalho. Apresenta-se, então, como proposta, o desenvolvimento do tema alicerçado em dois eixos: a partir da reassunção do questionamento de Freud o que quer uma mulher?, e a trajetória de Lacan no que diz respeito a lógica da sexuação do sujeito nas conormidades do feminino e, também, a depuração da concessão da loucura, ou em linguagem popular pirações, como iminente insígnia da mulher relacionada ao gozo e, logicamente, ao amor e à devastação, aspectos encontrados e evidenciados na produção de Zweig. / [en] Based on the possible dialogue given by the relation between psychoanalysis and literature, it is aimed, throughout the literature text enclosed in two novels of Stefan Zweig as resource, to investigate, to develop and to illustrate the concepts of love, feminine and jouissance, alluded in the title of this dissertation. Taking the feminine sexuality as a reference, it is intended to examine the concept of feminine jouissance and its relationship to love, restricting it to a theoretical construct of the psychoanalytic field. For this, the amorous partnership is considered as a privileged way of demonstration and incidence of the phenomenon of devastation for a more detailed elucidation about the main ideas of this work. As a proposal, the development of the theme is based on two axes: from the reassumption of Freud s question what does a woman want?, and Lacan s trajectory with respect to the logic of the subject s sexuation in the conformity of the feminine, and also the concession of madness, or in popular language (in portuguese) pirações, as a woman s insignia related to jouissance and, logically, to love and devastation, aspects found and evidenced in the production of Zweig.

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo apresentar, analisar e discutir as relações estabelecidas de Stefan Zweig no período de exílio, utilizando sua correspondência entre 1940 e 1942. Grande escritor de cartas, Zweig possui uma vasta correspondência com escritores, intelectuais, editores, amigos e familiares; existem cartas já publicadas, em edições desde a década de 1960, mas muitas ainda encontram-se inéditas em arquivos na Europa, na América do Sul e na América do Norte. Nesse sentido, o presente trabalho se dividiu em três partes: primeira parte de coleta documental, in loco, em dois arquivos, a citar o Deutsches Literaturarchiv Marbach, DLA, localizado na cidade de Marbach a. N., na Alemanha e o Arquivo da Biblioteca Nacional, BN, no Rio de Janeiro, Brasil; a segunda parte foi a leitura das cartas e separação de um primeiro corpus, o qual foi traduzido. Na primeira seleção, foram levados em conta aspectos que pudessem ressaltar as relações de Zweig com escritores e personalidades da época, europeus, norte-americanos e brasileiros, e cujo conteúdo pudesse trazer elementos para posterior análise; e a terceira parte do trabalho constituiu no desenvolvimento da dissertação e a análise em si das cartas, as quais puderam ser separadas em três núcleos temáticos em comum: (i) Zweig entre o Mundo de Ontem e o País do Futuro; (ii) Zweig e a literatura; e (iii) Zweig em seu isolamento. Como base teórica do trabalho foi utilizado um texto escrito por Zweig, Kunst des Briefes, no qual ele discute as características pertinentes ao gênero epistolar e o estatuto literário da carta. Textos teóricos de epistolografia também foram utilizados para dar suporte à base teórica do trabalho. / This work aims to present, analyze and discuss relations established by Stefan Zweig during this exile time, by using his letters between 1940 and 1942. A great letter writer, Zweig has a great number of letters with intellectuals, editors, friends, relatives; there are some letters which have already been published, in editions since 1960s, but there are many that are still unpublished and are kept in archives in Europa, South America and North America. Therefore this work was divided in three parts: the first part was the in loco documental research in two archives e.g. Deutsches Literaturarchiv Marbach, DLA, located in Marbach a. N. city, in Germany and Arquivo da Biblioteca Nacional, BN, in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; the second part was to read and separate the letters from a first corpus, which was totally translated to Portuguese. On this first selection aspects were taken into account, that could show the relations between Zweig and European, American and Brazilian writers and intellectuals from his epoch, and that had a content which could have brought elements for the afterward analysis; and the third part was composed by the letters analysis itself, which could be separated in three different thematic groups: (i) Zweig between the World of Yesterday and the Land of the Future; (ii) Zweig and the literature; e (iii) Zweig in his own isolation. As theoretical basis a Stefan Zweigs text was used, called Kunst des Briefes, in which he discusses mainly characteristics about the letter genre and the literary status of the letter. Epistolography theoretical texts were also used to support this work.