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Assessment of clinical practices in children admitted with severe acute malnutrition in three district hospitals, in the Western Cape, South AfricaAnthony, A.C. January 2013 (has links)
Master of Public Health - MPH / Background: Severe acute malnutrition contributes disproportionately to child mortality rates despite availability of the WHO protocol, “Ten Steps”, to guide hospital management. Auditing morbidity and mortality rates of malnourished children at hospitals is useful to measure the effectiveness of hospital-based management compared to standards advocated by the WHO protocol. The study aimed to assess the adequacy of clinical management practices for severely malnourished children admitted to three district hospitals in the Western Cape as compared to the WHO guidelines.
Objectives: To describe prognostic indicators on admission such as clinical
severity of malnutrition and co-morbidities such as HIV, TB, diarrhoea and
pneumonia. To assess the management practices of severe malnutrition against the key principles of management during the stabilisation phase as outlined by the WHO guidelines. To describe the number of severely malnourished children who were treated for or died due to preventable complications (hypothermia, hypoglycaemia, dehydration, over-hydration, infection, electrolyte imbalance). Methodology: A retrospective, descriptive study based on a folder review of medical records of 83 severely malnourished children admitted to the Stellenbosch, Helderberg and Eersteriver hospitals from September 2009 to June 2011 was done.
viii Structured data collection was undertaken to capture data to allow assessment of the clinician’s management practices, and the adequacy thereof in implementing the first six steps of the WHO protocol guidelines.
Results The predominant co-morbidities in the sample were diarrhoea in 51% ofcases and pneumonia in 33%. Thirteen percent were HIV infected, 28% of the sample had TB. Clinical signs were poorly documented by clinicians. The highest percentage of adequate management practices was for treatment of infections with 90% of patients receiving antibiotics. The second best management practice was for treatment of electrolyte and micronutrient deficiency. Hypoglycaemia and hypothermia were poorly managed as children developed these complications in the hospitals and yet these complications were still left untreated. Nineteen percent of the sample needed transfer to a specialist hospital. Conclusion The study concludes that overall management practices for children admitted with severe acute malnutrition to three district hospitals in the Western
Cape was poor and often did not adhere to the WHO guidelines. Doctors showed poor understanding of the need for accurate assessment and monitoring in order to reduce the mortality risk of these patients.
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Imaging the body : a discourse analysis of the writings of people with tattoosSaccaggi, Caroline Francesca 12 January 2009 (has links)
The increased popularity of tattooing in recent years serves as the backdrop for this research report. As tattooing has grown in popularity it has become increasingly mainstream and has been embraced by people from all walks of life. In particular, a large Internet archive of tattoos has emerged, that contains narratives by people with tattoos as well as numerous pictures of tattoos. In this research report a discourse analysis was conducted on fifty-two of these Internet postings, in order to ascertain what discourse were in use in these postings. Thus, the discourse analysis looked at the ways in which having a tattoo/ being tattooed were constructed within these postings. In order for the discourse analysis to be conducted, the research first embarked on an extensive review of literature, that looked at the academic readings of tattooing. It was found that these readings were varied, and that it was possible to read tattooing in many different ways. Both positive and negative readings of tattoos are highlighted within the literature review. The theoretical backdrop of social constructionism informs the methodology section of the research, as it presents a detailed and contradictory discussion of the field of discourse analysis. Rather than unproblematically claiming to produce a discourse analysis, the research interrogated the term itself, highlighting the contradictions in the field before narrowing to the presentation of a pragmatic approach to discourse analysis that was used in this specific research report. Following the debate in both the literature review and the methodology, three discourses were identified by the discourse analysis conducted. The first discourse relates to tattooing as being a definition or a redefinition of the self, a way to construct a new and complete identity. The second discourse refers to the process of getting a tattoo as providing access to a certain way of speaking that is only available to those who have tattoos. The third discourse identified looks at the construction of the tattoo artist as expert, and the role that the tattoo artist has as a gatekeeper to the discourses of tattooing. / Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2009. / Psychology / unrestricted
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Využití ortéz u dospělých pacientů se spasticitou horní končetiny po cévní mozkové příhodě / Use orthosis for adults with spastic upper extremity after strokeFialová, Tereza January 2017 (has links)
The submitted diploma thesis shows overview of the problem using upper extremity orthoses for adult with spasticity after the stroke. The aim of the thesis is to explore possibilities of using orthoses at different stages of the spasticity development. The theoretical part includes main information about the important point from central motoneuron disorder, it means spasticity. There is information about materials, production, availability and usability in various types of orthoses. Main part of the theoretical section shows research studies and available literature, which interprets using kinds of orthoses in various time when the spasticity was developed. The theoretical part follows the practical part. In the practical part are demonstrated available possibilities of using orthoses for interference spasticity in the upper extremity. For the practical part were chosen three groups of patients and each group of patients represents one case study. In the thesis are represented patients in acute, subacute and chronic stadium after the stroke. In each stadium were used different kind of orthoses: neoprene brace for acute, static-progressive for subacute and static thermoplastic for the chronic stadium. The measurement neuromuscular parameters were conducted according to Five steps clinical...
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Možnost využití ABC v logistickém procesu společnosti Primus CE / Potential of ABC in Primus CE's logistics processHejtmánek, Petr January 2012 (has links)
This work focuses on application of Activity based costing method in Primus CE. Within the practical part of the thesis, analysis of selected part of logistics process in the company is performed and activities within the process are mapped and valued. The thesis describes individual steps of valuation. Firstly activities for valuation are defined. In second step, cost-pool related to defined activities is identified. Following this step cost-pool is divided into sub-cost-pools based various cost-drivers which are likely to be common for activities in the groups. Selection of cost drivers is covered and reasoning is provided in the thesis. In the last step, cost of each activity is calculated. The summary of the work includes findings from the process of creating this model as well as findings resulting from valuation itself.
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Sporttester s rozhraním Bluetooth LE / Sporttester with Bluetooth LEBlažek, Vojtěch January 2020 (has links)
This thesis deals with the design of a sporttester, which is a device capable of calculating the cadence of the taken steps and monitoring the impact force of foot on the ground while running. Exposure to long-term strong impacts while running can cause serious fatigue fractures of the hip, calf bone or the foot area. The purpose of the sporttester is to monitor and signal strong impacts to the runner, thus helping to prevent fatigue fractures. The aforementioned features are evaluated based on the change in acceleration measured by the accelerometer. The calculated values of step cadence, running speed and impact force are sent via Bluetooth Low Energy to a compatible mobile application.
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Vyhodnocení procesu KPÚ se zaměřením na návrh plánu společných zařízení / The evaluation of the process of Land Consolidation focusing on the plan of common facilitiesŠilhan, Vlastimil January 2013 (has links)
The theme of the work is the creation of the characteristics of the erozních and drainage conditions in the cadastral territory of the commune and the subsequent proposal Pucov, Jinošov erosion control measures. Analysis of erozion ratios was processed using GIS method of the grid. Characteristics of runoff ratios was carried out for major service area of the critical points (SPKB) using model DesQ and numbers of the CN.
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Sebekoučování-dosahování cílů metodou "malých kroků" / Self-coaching-attainment of goals by "small steps"Englertová, Klára January 2014 (has links)
1 UNIVERZITA KARLOVA V PRAZE FILOZOFICKÁ FAKULTA KATEDRA PSYCHOLOGIE DIPLOMOVÁ PRÁCE Klára Englertová Sebekoučování - dosahování cílů metodou "malých kroků" Self-coaching - attainment of goals by "small steps" Praha, 2014 Vedoucí práce: doc. MUDr. Mgr. Radvan Bahbouh, PhD. 2 ABSTRACT: This diploma thesis deals with methods of achieving goals and methods of increasing efficiency within the postponed activities in the context of self-coaching and self-management and this specifically for university population, which is indicated by the high prevalence of this phenomenon. The strategy of "small steps" or "quick wins" is described as possible self- coaching and self-management intervention. The validity of Procrastination scale is verified within the overview study by comparison with different studying strategies divided into those with and without delay. At the same time the techniques increasing students' efficiency are mapped, based on their subjective responses. Within the experimental study is then verified "efficient sprint" method, as a strategy of intense concentration on a short-term actions to achieve the goal. There are observed differences in subjectively rated advance toward the target and perceived difficulty of its attainment, specifically in severely procrastinating students. The results show a...
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LOW COST DATA ACQUISITION FOR AUTONOMOUS VEHICLEDong Hun Lee (9040400) 29 June 2020 (has links)
The study of this research has a challenge of learning data gathering sensor programming and design of electronic sensor circuit. The cost of autonomous vehicle development is expensive compared to purchasing an economy vehicle such as the Hyundai Elantra. Keeping the development cost down is critical to maintaining a competitive edge on vehicle pricing with newer technologies. Autonomous vehicle sensor integration was designed and then tested for the driving vision data-gathering system that requires the system to gather driving vision data utilizing area scan sensors, Lidar, ultrasonic sensor, and camera on real road scenarios. The project utilized sensors such as cheap cost LIDAR, which is that drone is used for on the road testing; other sensors include myRIO (myRIO Hardware), LabVIEW (LabVIEW software), LIDAR-Lite v3 (Garmin, 2019), Ultrasonic sensor, and Wantai stepper motor (Polifka, 2020). This research helps to reduce the price of usage of autonomous vehicle driving systems in the city. Due to resolution and Lidar detecting distance, the test environment is limited to within city areas. Lidar is the most expensive equipment on autonomous vehicle driving data gathering systems. This study focuses on replacing expensive Lidar, ultrasonic sensor, and camera to drone scale low-cost Lidar to real size vehicle. With this study, economic expense autonomous vehicle driving data acquisition is possible. Lowering the price of autonomous vehicle driving data acquisition increases involving new companies on the autonomous vehicle market. Multiple testing with multiple cars is possible. Since multiple testing at the same time is possible, collecting time reduces.
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Evaluation of selected parameters of Total Oxidisable Precursor Assay on per- and polyfluoroalkyl substancesFrancois, Sofia January 2021 (has links)
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are man-made fluorinated compounds that havebeen detected in humans, the environment, and wildlife. The strong C-F bonds contribute tothe high thermal stability of some PFASs and make them extremely resistant to degradationunder normal environmental conditions. The commonly studied classes of PFASs areperfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids and perfluoroalkyl sulfonic acids. Though the phase-out ofperfluorooctane sulfonic acid and perfluorooctanoic acid for some time, they were the mostfrequent compounds measured and detected in biota.In this study, the total oxidisable precursor (TOP) assay, which is a method used to indirectlymeasure and estimate PFAS precursors, was evaluated. Different parameters were studied tounderstand their effects on oxidation of precursor compounds following TOP assay method(e.g., oxidation rate, pH of the oxidation solution and different washing steps during solidphaseextraction)The results from this experiment showed that the target precursors were oxidised and part ofthe proportion of the compounds formed ranged from 37 to 100% (molar ratio). Whenperforming TOP assay, it was shown that some precursors oxidised before 0.5 h while otherprecursors were oxidised after 4 hours. However, it was still unknown what products wereformed when some precursors were oxidised e.g., 7:3 fluorotelomer carboxylic acid (7:3-FTCA) and 10:2 fluorotelomer unsaturated carboxylic acid (10:2- FTUCA) because of animbalance of precursors to degradation products (molar to molar ratio).When the washing steps for solid-phase extraction were evaluated for potential losses ofprecursors, it could be seen that the ammonium acetate and the 20% methanol in Milli-Q waterled to the loss of some precursors. These results showed precautions were needed wheninterpreting the results using TOP assay.
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Service users' and service providers' understandings of addiction and their impact on treatment plans and treatment outcomes.Garrun, Candice 17 January 2012 (has links)
The word addiction is almost immediately associated with notions of drug dependency and alcoholism, and drug addiction is often referred to as a pandemic that affects individuals, families, communities and society at large. Aetiological approaches to understanding and treating addiction have changed dramatically throughout history, and currently the most contemporary approach is that of the disease model which views addiction as an illness rather than as a ‘badness’. While the underpinnings of Narcotics Anonymous’ 12 step philosophy employs non-specific drug language as it views all drugs as having the capacity to become addictive, and while it does not distinguish between the capacity for substances and certain behaviours to become addictive, activities such as overeating, having sex and gambling are yet to be classified as legitimate addictions by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV-TR). As a result, it appears as if some confusion exists as to whether these behaviours should be classified as impulse control disorders or as genuine addictions due to the various similarities they share in common with substance based disorders. The research conducted explored how people recovering from addiction, as well as how people working with addiction understand addiction and multiple dependency, together with the factors that contribute to relapse and the ability to abstain. Various 12 Step meetings from a variety of 12 Step Fellowships were attended and members were invited to participate in the study. Ultimately seventy eight participants completed a self developed questionnaire which was utilised to assess how people recovering from addiction understood addiction and multiple dependency and the factors that contribute to relapse and the ability to abstain. Quantitative data were analysed via descriptive and inferential statistics. Furthermore twenty participants working with addiction were interviewed with the use of a semi structured interview schedule in order to explore their perceptions around addiction and the factors that contribute to relapse and sobriety. Qualitative data were analysed using thematic content analysis.
Results indicated that the majority of recovering addicts and professionals working with addiction understand addiction as a disease. However, discrepancy was apparent with regards to whether or not all recovering addicts have the same disease and subsequently whether all addictions can be treated in the same manner. The above result suggested that there was no standardised, uniform way in which the disease model is understood and interpreted. Factors such as cross addiction, resistance to change and issues relating to the maintenance of change were identified as issues that contribute to relapse, while factors such as aftercare, following the 12 step programme and support were identified as the main aspects that contribute to sobriety. No statistical significance was noted between participants who had relapsed as opposed to those who had not for variables of sensation seeking, impulsivity and perceived stress (which may have been as a result of small sample size). Deeper understanding of the disease model together with broader application of it, and a focus on appropriate training and more comprehensive assessment could perhaps see a reduction in high rates of relapse and recidivism more commonly known as the ‘revolving door syndrome’.
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