Darbe nagrinėjama ryšio tinklo sinchronizacijos sistema, sudaryta iš keturių tarpusavyje sinchronizuotų generatorių. Darbo tikslas - sudaryti sinchronizacijos sistemos matematinį modelį, rasti sistemos pereinamųjų funkcijų ir generatorių virpesių fazių skirtumų tikslias analizines išraiškas, ištirti sistemos pereinamuosius procesus ir jos darbą nusistovėjusiame režime. Nagrinėjamos sistemos matematinis modelis - matricinė diferencialinė lygtis su vėluojančiu argumentu. Ši lygtis sprendžiama „žingsnių“ metodu. Tuo tikslu intervalas dalijamas į vienodo ilgio dalinius intervalus. Kiekviename daliniame intervale lygtis sprendžiama atskirai, kaip paprasta matricinė diferencialinė lygtis be vėluojančio argumento. Naudojantis gautu sprendiniu, rastos tikslios sinchronizacijos sistemos pereinamųjų funkcijų analizinės išraiškos. Remiantis šiomis išraiškomis, atliktas pereinamųjų procesų sinchronizacijos sistemoje tyrimas. / The mutual synchronization system of the communication network, composed of four oscillators, is investigated in the work. Following aims were raised in this work: to compose the mathematical model of the synchronization system, to find the exact expressions of the step responses of the system and of the phase differences of the oscillations of oscillators, to investigate the transients in the synchronization system. The mathematical model of the system is the matrix differential equation with delayed argument. This equation is solved applying the method of consequent integration (method of “steps”). For this purpose the interval is divided to subintervals of equal length. The equation in each subinterval is solved separately, as ordinary differential equation without delayed argument. Using obtained expression of the solution, the expressions of step responses of the system are got. The expressions of step responses are applied investigating the transients in the synchronization system.

Background: As a tactic of combating money laundering, auditors have been introduced asguardians and enforcers of the laws, due to their insight into company affairs. However, as shownby the Finance Police, it is rare that auditors report suspicions on money-laundering activities.That is, despite the obligations imposed on the profession, their share of total number or reportfiles each year a very small fraction. Aim: When investigating the infrequent reporting by auditors, it all boils down to a seemingexpectation gap. As such, the aim of this study has been to test that hypothesis, by conducting anattitude survey among Swedish auditors, as we believe the attitude towards the obligations tohave an impact on the tendency to report. Method: The perception of auditors on their role in combating money laundering and thehypothesized expectation gap between the audit profession and the state in its legislative capacitywas explore through the use of a questionnaire sent to 68 authorized or approved auditors withinthree different categories of firms; big-four firms, second tier firms and small local firms inStockholm and Uppsala. Conclusion: We cannot with certainty draw conclusion on whether the auditors’ perceivethemselves as having an obvious preventive role in the fight money laundering due to ambiguousanswers, but there seem to exist a somewhat opposed attitude toward the suggested duty to detectmoney laundering during audits. Nevertheless, traces of an expectation gap were found in thisstudy. However, with a sample size of 20 respondents, we cannot make generalizations withoutcareful consideration. As such, the findings of this study should be regarded as indicative ratherthan definitive.

Uppsatsen syftar dels till att försöka nå en djupare kunskap om medberoende som begrepp men undersöker även hur medberoendet kan förstås samt förklaras från en medberoendes eget perspektiv. Vidare undersöks också på vilket sätt tolvstegsprogrammet kan förstås som en fungerande behandlingsmetod för medberoende, varför samtliga intervjupersoner aktivt deltar samt verkar i en tolvstegsgemenskap för anhöriga till missbrukare. Studiens resultat presenterar olika typer av uttryck samt symptom som verkar framträdande för medberoende och knyter även an dessa till dels varandra och dels till varför samt hur tolvstegsprogrammet kan verka förebyggande mot dessa. Slutligen diskuteras även hur medberoende samt tillfrisknandet i tolvstegsprogrammet kan förklaras med hjälp av anknytningsteorin samt en sociokulturell teori om ett relationellt själv. / This essay partly refers to trying to reach a deeper understanding of codependency as a construct but also examines how codependency can be understood and explained from a codependents own perspective. The essay also examines in what way the twelve step program can be perceived as an effective treatment method for codependency, why all the interviews were taken with people who are active participants in a twelve step program for family and friends of an addict. The study’s result represents different kind of expressions and symptoms that seems most significant for codependency and partly attach these to each other but partly also examines how and why the twelve step program can prevent these. Finally it’s also discussed how codependency and the recovery by participating in the twelve step program can be explained with the help from the attachment theory and a sociocultural theory about a relational self.

Les maladies diarrhéiques sont la deuxième cause de mortalité chez les enfants de moins de cinq ans. Les entérobactéries Shigella flexneri sont les principales responsables de la forme endémique de la shigellose, une maladie diarrhéique importante dans les pays en développement et pour laquelle de nombreuses stratégies vaccinales sont à l’étude. La partie polysaccharidique (antigène O, Ag-O) du lipopolysaccharide de surface est l’une des cibles majeures d'immunité protectrice contre la réinfection. Une grande variété d’Ag-Os, reflétant la diversité sérotypique, a été identifiée. De façon intéressante ces Ag-Os se différencient par la nature des substituants portés par le tétrasaccharide ABCD qui définit leur squelette commun. Afin de développer un vaccin issu de sucres de synthèse à large couverture sérotypique contre S. flexneri, des stratégies de synthèse hautement convergente d’analogues orthogonalement protégés du tétrasaccharide ABCD ont été explorées. Elles prennent en compte les sites de -D-glucosylation et de O-acétylation spécifiques de sérotypes. Les approches mises en place s’appuient sur la synthèse d’une diversité de précurseurs en série L-rhamnopyranose et 2-N-acétyl-2-désoxy-D-glucopyranosamine et leurs combinaisons optimisées. Quelques exemples de glucosylation 1,2-cis régiosélective, chimique et/ou enzymatique, valident le concept. / Diarrhoeal diseases are the second cause of death among children under five. Shigella flexneri enterobacteria are the main causative agents of the endemic form of shigellosis, a diarrhoeal disease of high prevalence in developing countries and one for which numerous vaccine strategies are under studied. The polysaccharide part (O-antigen, O-Ag) of the bacterial lipopolysaccharide is a major target of protective immunity against reinfection. A large variety of O-Ags, expressing serotypic diversity, has been identified. Interestingly, these O-Ags differ by the nature of the substitutions occurring on the ABCD tetrasaccharide, which defines their common backbone. In order to develop a synthetic carbohydrate-based vaccine with broad serotype coverage against S. flexneri, highly convergent synthetic strategies towards orthogonally protected analogs of tetrasaccharide ABCD were investigated, while taking into account serotype-specific -D-glucosylation and O-acetylation sites. The selected approaches feature the synthesis of a variety of suitable L-rhamnopyranose and 2-N-acetyl-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranosamine precursors and their optimized combinations. The concept is supported by selected examples of 1,2-cis chemical and/or enzymatic glucosylation.

Infants and toddlers with developmental disabilities and certain medical conditions are at risk for a variety of adverse outcomes in childhood as well as into adulthood. Early identification and early intervention are essential for improving the trajectories and outcomes of these children. The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) is a federal law that affords protections to children with disabilities and those at risk for developmental delays. IDEA provides guidance and regulations to early intervention programs, schools, and states for identifying and delivering intervention services to children ages birth through 21 years. Although the provision of early intervention services are regulated by the federal government through IDEA, states have autonomy to decide how they define and measure disabilities and developmental delays. As a result, states differ greatly in their eligibility criteria as well as in the percentages of children identified for early intervention (IDEA Part C) and preschool special education (IDEA Part B). Thus, children who receive early intervention services may or may not continue to meet criteria for special education once they reach age 3. Few studies have examined the child, family, and early intervention characteristics that relate to how, when, and if children will transition from Part C to Part B. Those studies that have examined these relationships have not focused specifically on how these transitions occur in Florida. The purpose of the present study was to examine child, family, and early intervention characteristics that increase the likelihood of children transitioning from Part C to Part B in Florida. Participants in this study included infants and toddlers who exited the Bay Area Early Steps Program (one of Florida’s Part C providers) in 2016. Archival data were examined using a combination of descriptive statistics, Chi-squares, independent t-tests, and logistic regression analyses. Results of this study indicate that children exiting the Bay Area Early Steps Program were more likely to be eligible for preschool special education (Part B) if they were Black/African American, Hispanic, had an established/diagnosed condition, had a lower socioeconomic status, received speech/language services in Early Steps, received multiple different service types in Early Steps, and/or received Early Steps services in Polk County (as opposed to Hillsborough County). Children were not more likely to be eligible for Part B based on their gender, primary language, length of time in Early Steps, or receipt of occupational therapy, physical therapy, or early intervention services while in Early Steps. The findings of this study provide preliminary information about factors that relate to children’s transitions from early intervention to preschool special education in Florida. The findings also offer practical implications for the day-to-day operations of the Bay Area Early Steps program and the local school districts to which these children transition.

In our thesis we deal with motion fitness of teenagers, students of Písek´s grammar school, aged between 17 19. Our survey focused on students´ motion activity expressed in number of footsteps during one week. Measuring was done in spring and in autumn. In addition to that we compared relations between boys´ and girls´ physical fitness and motion fitness and grade of motion activity in relation to body fat expressed by BMI index.Research work was done in group of 39 students; 20 girls and 19 boys who registered one by one in INDARES COM system on-line. They put the numbers of their footsteps and filled the IPEN forms in. To test motion fitness we have used test battery recommended by INDARES, to find out the volume of motion activity pedometres have been utilized. Data have been processed and evaluated with Minilab programme. Ascertained results show that motion activity of the youngsters move downwards.

As aplicações comerciais e científicas das resinas epoxídicas dependem diretamente da combinação entre resina/endurecedor/acelerador, tornando-o um sistema reativo bastante complexo, cuja determinação dos seus parâmetros de cura é um problema multivariável de tempo, temperatura e concentração de reagentes. É necessário o conhecimento de suas etapas de cura e de seu mecanismo cinético para obtenção das melhores propriedades mecânicas, elétricas e térmicas, com a finalidade de conseguir uma resina epoxídica de alto desempenho. As técnicas analíticas comumente empregadas na determinação da cura de resinas epoxídicas como também de diversas outras resinas poliméricas são: a calorimetria exploratória diferencial (DSC) e a análise dinâmico-mecânica (DMA). Neste trabalho, dois sistemas reativos foram analisados: o primeiro, resultante da combinação de resina DGEBA com endurecedor à base de amina alifática; o segundo composto pela resina DGEBA reagida com endurecedor à base de anidrido e catalisado por amina terciária. É apresentada a metodologia empregada na determinação dos parâmetros cinéticos para os dois sistemas epóxi utilizando a análise por DSC isotérmica e não isotérmica, a técnica DMA isotérmica, e como complementos análises isotérmicas por análise reológica e análise dielétrica (DEA) para determinação dos tempos de gelificação e vitrificação que caracterizam cada um dos distintos estágios de cura. Enquanto o sistema epóxi-amina se caracteriza por uma cinética de reação rápida, o sistema epóxi-anidrido apresenta cinética de reação lenta, sendo necessária a adição do acelerador para acelerar a reação, que é otimizada em altas temperaturas. O modelo cinético de Sourour-Kamal e o método Isoconversional foram aplicados respectivamente aos dados experimentais isotérmicos e não-isotérmicos de DSC para obtenção de constantes de reação do sistema. Os resultados encontrados apresentaram excelente concordância com o descrito na teoria de que é possível detectar estágios de cura pelas técnicas de análise dielétrica e dinâmico-mecânica. Também é possível comprovar a eficácia do modelo de Sourour-Kamal, pois apresenta um excelente ajuste com os dados experimentais, enquanto o método Isoconversional, é eficiente na previsão do tempo de cura isotérmico de resinas epoxídicas a partir de dados experimentais não-isotérmicos. As energias de ativação encontradas para as resinas epóxi-amina e epóxi-anidrido tem correspondência com o descrito na literatura. Conclui-se que as técnicas analíticas utilizadas neste trabalho são complementares entre si. / The commercial and scientific applications of epoxy resins depend upon the combination between resin/curing agents/catalyst, turning it a reactive system relatively complex, whose cure parameters determination is a multivariable problem of time, temperature and reagents concentration. It is necessary the knowledge of its curing kinetics mechanism to obtain the best mechanical, electrical and thermal properties, aiming at get high performance epoxy resins. The analytical techniques mostly used in cure determination of epoxy resins as well as in other polymeric thermoset resins are the Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and the Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA). In this work, two reactive systems were analyzed: the first, based on DGEBA resin with aliphatic amine hardener; the second, composed by DGEBA resin cured by anhydride hardener and tertiary amine catalyst. It is presented the methodology used to determinate the kinetics parameters for the two epoxy systems utilizing isothermal and non-isothermal analysis by Differential Scanning Calorimetry; isothermal analysis by Dynamic Mechanical Analysis, and complementarly Rheological analysis and Dielectric Analysis for determining gelation and vitrification times which describe each one of distinct cure steps. The epoxy-amine system is characterized by a fast reaction kinetic, while the epoxy-anhydride system presents low reaction kinetic, being necessary the addiction of a catalyst for accelerating the reaction, which is improved at high temperatures. The kinetic model of Sourour-Kamal and the Isoconversional method were applied to obtain the kinetics parameters to the isothermal and non-isothermal DSC data, respectively. The experimental results presented good agreement with the theory, making possible to detect the cure stages by dielectric and dynamic mechanical analyses. It is also observed the efficiency of Sourour- Kamal model, because it presented an excellent fitting with the experimental data, while the Isoconversional method is efficient to predict the isothermal cure time by the non-isothermal experimental data. The calculated activation energies for both epoxy-amine and epoxyanhydride resins have agreed with the literature values. The DMA and DEA analytical techniques are complementary between themselves.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T13:49:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ShandaCouto.pdf: 1100318 bytes, checksum: 920e0cdc3948dcab82013e77f2d7834f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-03-29 / To evaluate the frequency of healthy eating habits among adolescents from high schools in the urban area of Pelotas, based on the "10 Steps to Healthy Eating" from Brazilian Ministry of Health. Methods: A school-based cross-sectional study was conducted, stratified according to school system and proportional to the number of students attending each school. A total of 1233 adolescents (13-19 years) were studied. The "10 Steps to Healthy Eating" were evaluated through a self-administered questionnaire with questions on food frequency and other questions about different aspects included in the 10 Steps. We performed descriptive analysis of the data, followed by bivariate analysis. Results: The average number of steps achieved was 1.8. The majority of the population adhered to one and two steps and only 1.7% reached more than five steps. It is noteworthy that none of the subjects achieved entirely the "10 Steps to Healthy Eating." The recommendation that had the highest frequency of compliance was step four, referring to the consumption of the combination of rice and beans at least five times a week. The recommendations that had lower frequencies of compliance were related to consumption of soft drinks, processed juices, sweets and snacks less than once a week, and step three on the consumption of three servings of vegetables / green leafes and three servings of fruit daily. Conclusion: Adherence to the "10 steps to a healthy diet" recommended by the Ministry of Health by adolescents in Pelotas was very low. Considering the present and future importance of healthy eating in adolescence, it is recommended greater investment in public policies in the area of food and nutrition. / Avaliar a freqüência de hábitos alimentares saudáveis, baseado nos 10 Passos para uma Alimentação Saudável do Ministério da Saúde do Brasil, entre adolescentes matriculados nas escolas de Ensino médio da zona urbana do município de Pelotas. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo transversal de base escolar, com amostragem estratificada de acordo com a rede de ensino e proporcional ao número de alunos matriculados. Foram estudados 1233 adolescentes de 13 a 19 anos do ensino médio de Pelotas/RS. A frequência de cada um dos 10 Passos para uma Alimentação Saudável foi coletada através de um questionário auto-aplicado com questões sobre frequência de consumo de alguns alimentos além de outros aspectos contidos nos 10 Passos. Realizou-se análise descritiva dos dados, seguida de análise bivariada. Resultados: A média de passos alcançados foi de 1,8. A maioria da população aderia a um e dois passos e somente 1,7% atingiu mais de cinco passos. Ressalta-se que nenhum adolescente aderiu aos 10 Passos para uma Alimentação Saudável . A recomendação que apresentou maior freqüência de adesão foi o passo quatro, referente ao consumo da combinação de arroz e feijão pelo menos cinco vezes por semana. As recomendações que apresentaram menores freqüências de adesão foram referentes ao consumo de refrigerantes, sucos industrializados, doces e guloseimas, menos de uma vez por semana, e o passo três relativo ao consumo de três porções de legumes/hortaliças e três porções de frutas diariamente. Conclusão: A adesão aos 10 passos para uma alimentação saudável preconizados pelo Ministério da Saúde pelos adolescentes de Pelotas foi muito baixa. Considerando a importância atual e futura de uma alimentação saudável na adolescência, recomenda-se maior investimento em políticas públicas na área de alimentação e nutrição.

The purpose of this thesis is to reveal how Information Technology  Infrastructure Library (ITIL) should be implemented in an organization in  an efficient and effective way to achieve the goal of reducing wastage, cutting costs and increasing customers’ satisfaction. There are many books dealing with the ITIL. But these publications do not prescribe how to adopt, adapt or implement the guidelines as part of a service management strategy; it would seem useful to explore implementation strategies which are employed by organizations when they are using ITIL “best practices”. This paper seeks to take a study of “How to implement ITIL successfully in organizations”, which could be subdivided into questions of “What steps are necessary to implement ITIL” and “what factors are critical within implementation process”. Although previous researches have made some recommendations generally, this paper investigates the question on that base through comparing consultants’, organizations’ opinion and previous researches. This study begins with an overview of ITSM, ITIL, and critical success factors and steps of ITIL implementation. Information about the critical success factors and steps of ITIL implementation were acquired through interviews, emails and questionnaires from responsible staff in some major representative consultancy and organizations. The outcomes of our research are fourteen significant steps to implement ITIL and some success factors during implementation, which are vital to have a prosperous ITIL implementation. This research makes a guideline for organizations to understand and carry out the ITIL implementation efficiently.

The main purpose of this dissertation is to identify and address a certain procedural flaw encountered with the prescribed process of notification required in terms of the National Credit Act (hereafter the NCA), prior to the commencement of legal steps. At first glance it would seem that the legislature has succeeded in creating a flawless process but in practice it has come to light that said process is the cause of havoc, disarray and ultimately result in the loss of time and money. On numerous occasions over the years has the legislature aimed for a specific goal when creating legislation, and though its intent may have been pure, in some instances it has failed in the execution thereof. The NCA is no stranger to such failure, controversy and ambiguities. It is evident that the NCA was drafted with a definite intent to protect consumers. The main problem that the legislature had to face was the balance between the rights of credit providers and consumers. Poor drafting in certain instances resulted in uncertainty as to what the legislature’s intent was and subsequently the courts are tasked with interpretation of legislation that is unclear. In order to fully assess the flaw and the practical predicament that it creates, the researcher had to reverse engineer the research problem and subsequently the dissertation starts off with an introduction and overview of the South African Credit industry. Building on this general platform the research is further confined by addressing the debt enforcement processes in terms of the common law and NCA with specific reference to the interrelation between debt enforcement and debt review. The procedural flaw pertaining to the method of delivery against the backdrop of the requirements for delivery (or lack thereof) as found in sections 129 and 130 of the NCA is investigated with special reference to the section 65 requirements for general delivery of documents and notices in terms of the Act. An in depth investigation into previous and current case law shed some light as to the train of thought followed by the courts. In conclusion, this dissertation illustrates the importance of clarity when drafting tedious and complex legislation that impacts directly on the public. It exposes a procedural flaw encountered in the NCA and provides certain recommendations as to how the flaw may be remedied. / Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2013. / Private Law / unrestricted