Orientador: Mário Luiz Frungillo / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-26T21:19:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Nascimento_FabianaAngelicado_M.pdf: 1238592 bytes, checksum: 01a7a70e9d018c3f112053fde2aa7f39 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar a novela Pole Poppenspäler como uma narrativa organizada ao redor do tema da oposição entre o artista e o burguês. Tal perspectiva de análise abrangerá não só o tratamento dado a essa temática, bastante cara à literatura alemã, mas também a sua representação no contexto do Realismo Poético e na própria evolução do gênero novela. Em Pole Poppenspäler o conflito gerado pela transição entre duas diferentes perspectivas, a do mundo pequeno burguês e a do artista, condensa-se, de forma simbólica, na trajetória das personagens Tendler e Paul, ao mesmo tempo em que está presente, de modo realista, a caracterização geográfica e humana das "pessoas simples" ("kleine Leute"), como camponeses, operários e artesãos. Também a regionalização geográfica e linguística estão de acordo com o repertório típico do realismo do século XIX, por meio da representação das paisagens alemãs e do uso de dialetos. Para que a nossa hipótese de interpretação fosse efetivamente realizada, a história do gênero novela foi revista em seus diferentes momentos de existência. Desse modo, pôde-se investigar de que maneira a alteração dos pressupostos históricos provoca alterações na representação do conflito entre as mentalidades do artista e do burguês / Abstract: The goal of this research is to analyze the short-novel Pole Poppenspaeler as a narrative organized around the theme of the opposition between the artist and the bourgeois citizen. Such an analysis perspective will comprehend not only the treatment given to the theme (very dear to German literature), but also the representation the theme has in the context of Poetic Realism, besides the way the genre of short-novel has develop itself. In Pole Poppenspaeler, the conflict generated by the transition between two different perspectives (one from the bourgeois world and another from the artist) condense itself, in a symbolic way, through the characters¿s Tendler and Paul journey; at the same time, it is present (in a realistic manner) the geographic and human characterization of "simple people" ("kleine Leute"), like countrymen, workmen and artisans. Also the geographic and linguistic regionalization are according to the typical repertory of the XIXth century realism. In order to our hypothesis of interpretation be effectively executed, the History of the short-novel as a genre was reviewed in its different moments of existence. Therefore, it is possible to investigate how the alteration of the hystorical processes provokes an alteration in the representation of the conflict between the artist¿s and the bourgeois citizen¿s mindsets. Keywords: German literature, Poetic Realism, motive, short-novel / Mestrado / Teoria e Critica Literaria / Mestra em Teoria e História Literária

The thesis aims to develop a method for extending the language platform Storm with a Java frontend.The project was conducted using an Action Research methodology and highlights triumphs andchallenges. Despite the significant overhead related to note generation and problem statementformulation, this methodology proved beneficial in identifying problems and providing the framework tosolve them. The first research question (RQ.1) evaluates to what extent the language platform Storm is suitable forimplementing the object oriented language Java. Using Storm, only a BNF and a specification for three-address code instructions are needed. Despite encountering difficulties during the implementation, theplatform offers tools that allow comprehensive customization of the new language's intended behaviorand functionality. The second research question (RQ.2) explores a suitable method for implementing a new language inStorm. It is suggested to first implement a foundational structure comprising of statements, blocks,scope handling and variable declarations. From this foundation, new functionalities can be graduallyintroduced and tested by connecting them to the appropriate location in the structure. When allfunctionality is added and tested a refactoring step can take place to modify the BNF if needed.

Identifying factors associated with appropriate and inappropriate therapies in patients with implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) could help to identify those at risk and reduce the incidence of this emergency situation which has detrimental effect on mortality and morbidity in patients with ICD. These studies were designed to find the prevalence and factors associated with appropriate and inappropriate therapies in patients with ICD.

Harmattan and Dust (sand) storms together with anthropogenic activities including the use of firewood and kerosene as fuel for cooking, and diesel/petrol generators for electricity generation are potential sources of particulate and gaseous pollutants in homes in Damaturu town, Nigeria. Other activities like the burning of locally produced incense and mosquito coils as well as the use of aerosol sprays are further possible sources of indoor pollution, which may result in exposure of people to a range of pollutants through inhalation, by ingestion of settled dusts as well as dermal contact. Local people associate occurrence of dust events with adverse health effects and hence there is a need for an understanding of the composition of the settled and airborne dusts in order to assess the possible associated health risks. The first phase of the study involved selection and development of methods of dust sampling and analysis. For validation of the methods employed and to establish a broad understanding of the characteristics of the settled dusts, an initial survey study was conducted involving the application of thermal desorption/gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (TD/GC/MS) analysis for organic compound analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) for analysis of metals, and microbiological analysis. Airborne samples were also collected using sorbent tubes to determine organic compounds in air during activities such as cooking with kerosene, gas, and firewood as well as during electricity generation with fossil fuels. Carbon monoxide (CO) and ultrafine particles (UFPs) monitored simultaneously during some of the household activities. The study involved a novel method of extracting organic chemical emissions from dust by heating of the dusts directly in a micro chamber (μ-CTETM) and collection of emissions on sampling tubes. The method provided a relatively quick way of collecting chemical emissions from dusts that are readily available for release. The sampled tubes were analysed by TD/GC/MS. The conventional solvent extraction of the dusts was also carried out and the extracts were analysed by liquid injection-GC/MS and results of the two methods compared. The study determined a number of constituents (metals, SVOCs, phthalates and physical properties) of dusts collected from households in Damaturu during different weather events and from different indoor/outdoor locations; and compared with some UK samples. The samples investigated include dusts deposited; during two notable dusty-weather events (Harmattan and Storm) as well as when there was no notable dust event; during human activities; and dusts from different types of buildings (modern and traditional homes) as well as inside and outside homes. A standard reference material for organic chemicals (SRM 2585) was also analysed. The physical characterization of the settled house dust samples analysed revealed the various shapes and sizes, and elemental composition of the constituents, which included respirable particles. The microbial analysis also indicated the presence of the spores of a host of fungi and bacterial species; and the possible contributions of household activities to the increased production of pollutants (UFP and CO) ascertained. The μ-CTE extraction of the house dusts by heating with TD/GC/MS analysis of the emissions as well as the solvent extraction-GC/MS revealed the presence of many organic chemical compounds with different analytical retention times and varying concentrations in the dust samples. Chemicals of interest quantified: benzene, hexanal, nonanal, diethyl phthalate (DEP), diisobutylphthalate (DIBP), dibutylphthalate (DBP), and diethylhexylphthalate (DEHP). A host of other chemicals commonly present in the analysed samples identified using the NIST library associated with the MS system software. These chemicals included naphthalene and C10-C16 aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, which would need confirmation by running the pure compound samples. There was an observed higher concentration of the chemicals in the solvent extracts than the μ-CTE extracted dust. The higher concentration of the chemicals in the solvent extracts expected due to the aggressive removal of the chemicals by the organic solvent whereas in the case of thermal extraction only the readily available chemicals (loosely bound to the matrix) released by increases in temperature were removed. Generally, the concentrations of the chemicals found were higher in the indoor than in the outdoor dust samples. In the analysis of the dusts collected during weather events; higher chemical concentrations observed in the samples collected during Harmattan period than the other periods. The Harmattan dust period may pose increased exposures to dust and possible health risks. More exposure is expected to occur in the traditional homes compared with the modern homes due to the higher concentrations of the chemicals in both the indoors and the outdoors and this may be especially important to women and children who spend most of their times at home. Metal analysis involved microwave-assisted digestion of the dust samples followed by ICP-MS analysis. The total quant method of metal analysis for a general profiling indicated the presence of more than 50 elemental contaminants in house dust. The results of the quantitative analysis for six target metals: Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn showed their presence in all indoor and the outdoor dust samples. The mean concentrations showed that the metals were in higher concentrations in the indoor dusts than in the outdoor dusts. The quantitative analysis carried out indicated higher metal contents in the storm dusts than the dusts during the other periods. Results of the dusts collected from modern and traditional homes indicated the presence of the metals in higher concentrations in the dusts from traditional homes than the dusts from the modern homes. The estimated mean concentrations of the metals and phthalates inadvertently ingested as a constituent of dust indicated that some of the pollutants could exceed the tolerable daily intake (TDI) due to high exposures to dust expected to be the case in Damaturu. The results of the investigation of the dust composition, combined with information on exposure to dust and pollutants, show that dusts are a risk to the health of people in the Damataru community. Recommendations are made for more studies to provide a better understanding of dust ingestion and exposure to some phthalates and heavy metals in particular and the possible health risks. To the best of my knowledge, this is the first ever research study of airborne and settled dusts undertaken in North-Eastern Nigeria.

published_or_final_version / abstract / Applied Geosciences / Master / Master of Science

Coastal foredunes are natural aeolian bedforms located landward of the backshore and which interact continuously with the beach. Traditionally, coastal dunes have been associated with onshore winds, however they can be found under more complex wind regimes where offshore winds are common such as the UK East coast, Northern Ireland and New Zealand. This research investigates the ways in which foredune-beach interactions occur under a complex wind regime at a range of overlapping temporal and spatial scales and is innovative in that it explicitly links small-scale processes and morphodynamic behaviour to large scale and long-term dynamics. The study area is the north Lincolnshire coast, East England. Detailed observations of airflow at three locations under varying wind regimes revealed considerable spatial variations in wind velocity and direction, however it was possible to determine a general model of how foredune topography deflected and modified airflow and the resultant geomorphological implications (i.e. erosion and deposition). During direct offshore and onshore winds, airflow remained attached and undeflected; and distinct zones of flow deceleration and acceleration could be identified. During oblique winds airflow was deflected to become more parallel to the dune crest. The field sites used are characterized by a seasonal erosion/accretion cycle and a series of increasingly complex models was developed and tested to determine whether it was possible to predict sand volume changes in the foredune-beach system based on a limited number of variables. The model predictions were tested against detailed digital terrain models at a seasonal timescale. The model prediction that best matched the observed (surveyed) sand volume changes included wind speed, direction, grain size, fetch effect controlled by beach inundation and angle of wind approach was accurate to within ±10% for 18 out of 48 tests at the seasonal scale and 6 out of 12 tests over periods of >5 years. A key variable influencing foredune-beach sand volume is the magnitude and frequency of storm surge events and this was not factored in to the model, but may explain the model-observation mismatch over the medium-term on two occasions. Over the past 120 years historical maps and aerial photographs indicate long-term foredune accretion of approximately 2 m year-1 at the three study sites (1891-2010). At this timescale, rates of coastal foredune accretion reflect the low occurrence of severe storm surges and suggest rapid post-storm recovery. The morphological response of the foredune-beach morphology is considered to be a combination of controlling and forcing factors. Process-responses within the system, associated with nearshore interactions and sediment transfer from the littoral drift, are compiled into a multi-scale morphodynamic model. Important to match appropriate dataset to scale of research question or management plan being explored. In the case of management, long-term records of past activity are necessary to predict the future but also to understand natural responses of system to short-term impact such as storm surge.

In the first part, this diploma paper is going to treat the conception of nouvelle, questions of the definition and the history of this literature genre. The second part is going to be focused on the life and novellistic work of the Northgerman writer Theodor Storm in particular - the characteristics of the nouvelles of Storms, realistic and romantic elements, themas. The last part of this diploma paper is the analyse of the nouvelle "Immensee", the chapter "Reinhards Bad im See" in particular.

A hurricane is a combination of sustained winds, low atmospheric pressures and precipitation. Over the past decades, Louisiana has experienced several devastating hurricanes. The east bank of the City of New Orleans is bounded by Lake Pontchartrain to the North and the Mississippi River to the South. Lake Pontchartrain is a brackish system connected to the Gulf of Mexico through Lake Borgne to the East. As a Hurricane enters the Estuary from the Gulf of Mexico, it imposes a sustained surge of a few meters which may lead to flooding in areas which are not protected by levees. These flood water may be saline. Saltwater flooding is an environmental issue in flooded marshlands since saltwater can be fatal to some plants. The response of salinity and storm surge to hurricane duration which represents the forward speed of the storm is numerically modeled.

A distribuição, composição e alguns aspectos da variação temporal de grande escala da macrofauna bentônica da zona costeira rasa da baía do Almirantado já são conhecidos. O presente trabalho investigou a variação temporal de pequena escala da macrofauna, com ênfase nos Polychaeta, aos 20 metros de profundidade na enseada Martel. Foram feitas amostragens de sedimento, com um pegador de fundo tipo van Veen, em um mesmo ponto durante 35 dias, em intervalos aproximados de uma semana. Foram verificadas variações significativas na densidade de alguns grupos taxonômicos (Amphipoda e Polychaeta) e na composição granulométrica sedimentar. Bivalvia, Amphipoda, Cumacea e Oligochaeta, que vivem nas primeiras camadas do sedimento, constituíram um grupo sensível ao impacto causado por intensas tempestades. As espécies dominantes de Polychaeta (87% do total) foram Rhodine intermedia, Ophelina syringopige, O. gymnopyge, Apistobranchus glacierae e Tharyx cf. cincinnatus. Somente a densidade de O. gymnopyge apresentou variação significativa, o que não ocorreu com os descritores ecológicos do grupo. Estes resultados colaboram para o INCT-APA, fornecendo informações importantes para a interpretação dos dados obtidos no atual programa de monitoramento desenvolvido na baía do Almirantado. Este estudo integra o projeto do Ano Polar Internacional \"MABIREH\" e contribuirá para bases de dados \"SCAR-MarBin\" e \"ABBED\". / The distribution, composition and some aspects of long-term temporal variation of macrofauna from shallow waters of Admiralty Bay are reasonably well know. The present study aimed to investigate the short-term variation of macrofauna, with emphasis on Polychaeta, in Martel Inlet. Sediment was sampled, at 20 m depth, with a van Veen grab for approximately 35 days, almost every week. During the study period, significant variations were verified on the density of some taxa (Amphipoda and Polychaeta), as well as on the sediment composition. Bivalvia, Amphipoda, Cumacea and Oligochaeta at the first sediment layers were more susceptible to the impact of the severe storms. The dominant species of Polychaeta were Rhodine intermedia, Ophelina syringopyge, O. gymnopyge, Apistobranchus glacierae and Tharyx cf. cincinnatus, counting for 87% of the total group. The density of Ophelina gymnopyge presented a significant short-term variation, however, ecological descriptors for Polychaeta assemblages did not vary at the same way. These results collaborate to the INCT-APA, by providing important information to interpret the acquired data about the environmental monitoring program developed in Admiralty Bay. This study is part of the International Polar Year project \"MABIREH\" and will integrate \"SCAR-MarBin\" and \"ABBED\" data bases.

Cyclones distribution and intensities impact directly on human activities, mainly due to their associated intense precipitation and winds. The main aim of this thesis is to understand changes in the cyclones originated in the South Atlantic focusing on their genesis and intensifying mechanisms. Cyclones are identified and tracked based on the relative vorticity field at 850 hPa computed from the winds. The characteristics of the cyclones are obtained by diagnostic variables sampled within a radial distance from each cyclone center and to produce a spatial distribution of the cyclone properties at the time of genesis. Also, cyclone centered composites are used to analyze the cyclone structure and the evolution of cyclones during their genesis. The climatology of cyclones was done using NCEP-CFSR and shows four main cyclogenesis regions in the South Atlantic Ocean: on the Southern Brazilian coast (SE-BR, 30°S), over the continent near the La Plata river discharge region (LA PLATA, 35°S), on the southeastern coast of Argentina (ARG, 40°S-55°S) and on the Southeastern Atlantic (SE-SAO, centered at 55°S and 10°W). To access changes in cyclone development, we used the CMIP5 HadGEM2-ES historical experiment (1980-2005) and RCP8.5 future projection (2074-2099). The HadGEM2-ES can represent the main South Atlantic characteristics of cyclones according to NCEP-CFSR climatology. However, there is an underestimation in cyclone frequency in the equatorward side of the storm track, particularly in the LA PLATA region. The HadGEM2-ES RCP8.5 future projection shows a general decrease of approximately 10% of cyclogenesis in the South Atlantic domain, which is mainly related to the poleward shift of the storm track. However, LA PLATA region presents a slight increase in its cyclogenetic activity (6.1 and 3.6%), in the summer and winter, respectively). The increase in genesis at 30°S over the continent is associated with the strengthening of the upper-level jet and the increase of warm and moisture advections at the same location. The enhance in the moisture transport from the tropics is also related to the intensification of the cyclone in the domain, mainly northward of 35°S. Finally, a downscaling using WRF was performed in an attempt to improve the climate model resolution. However the downscaling produces less and weaker cyclones in the NCEP-CFSR and HadGEM2-ES runs. The only region that presented an improvement was LA PLATA, due to the better representation of local features related to orography and moisture processes. The downscaled HadGEM2-ES RCP8.5 also shows an increase in cyclogenesis in the LA PLATA region and other locations. The HadGEM2-ES RCP8.5 projection and its downscaling shows that the cyclogenesis in some locations of South America is increasing, mainly due to the increase in the low-level moisture content and the strengthening of the equatorward flank of the upper-level jet. The cyclones in this locations will be slightly intense (between 20°S and 30°S) and will affect a narrow area close to the South American coast. / A distribuição e intensidade dos ciclones afeta diretamente as atividades humanas devido a precipitação e fortes ventos associados a esses sistemas. O objetivo principal deste trabalho é entender as mudanças nos ciclones gerados no Atlântico Sul devido às mudanças climáticas, focando em seus mecanismos geradores e intensificadores. Os ciclones foram identificados e rastreados utilizando a vorticidade relativa em 850hPa, calculada a partir do campo de ventos horizontal. Também foram usadas composições centradas para a análise da estrutura e evolução dos ciclones durante seu desenvolvimento. A climatologia de ciclones feita com o NCEP-CFSR mostra quatro regiões ciclogenéticas principais no Oceano Atlântico Sul: na costa sul do Brasil (SE-BR, 30°S), sobre o continente próximo da desembocadura do Rio da Prata (LA PLATA, 35°S), na costa sudeste da Argentina (ARG, 40°S-55°S) e no Sudeste do Atlântico (SE-SAO, centrada em 55°S, 10°W). Para analisar as mudanças no desenvolvimento dos ciclones, nós utilizamos os experimentos histórico (1980-2005) e RCP8.5 (2074-2099) do HadGEM2-ES (CMIP5). O HadGEM2-ES é capaz de reapresentar as principais características dos ciclones do Atlântico Sul, quando comparado à climatologia. No entanto, existe uma subestimativa do número de ciclones no lado equatorial da região de máxima atividade ciclônica, principalmente na região LA PLATA. A projeção futura HadGEM2-ES no cenário RCP8.5 mostra uma redução de aproximadamente 10% na ciclogêneses no domínio do Atlântico Sul, principalmente associada ao deslocamento em direção ao polo da região de máxima atividade ciclônica. Porém, a região LA PLATA apresenta um pequeno aumento em sua atividade ciclogenética (6.1 e 3.6%), no verão e inverno, respectivamente). O aumento na ciclogênese em 30°S está associada ao fortalecimento do jato de altos níveis e ao aumento da advecção quente e de umidade nessa localidade. O aumento do transporte de umidade dos trópicos está associado também à intensificação dos ciclones observada na projeção futura, principalmente ao norte de 35°S. Por fim, uma regionalização com o modelo WRF foi usada para melhorar a resolução do modelo climático. Porém, as simulações regionais subestimaram os ciclones em número e intensidade. A única região que em as regionalizações apresentaram melhor desempenho foi a LA PLATA, devido a uma melhor representação de feições locais associadas a orografia e processos úmidos. A regionalização do cenário futuro RCP8.5 também apresentou aumento da ciclogênese do LA PLATA, mas para o inverno. Tanto a projeção RCP8.5 do HadGEM2-ES quanto sua regionalização mostram que a ciclogênese em algumas regiões da América do Sul está aumentando, principalmente devido ao aumento de umidade em baixos níveis da atmosfera e fortalecimento do lado ramo equatorial do jato de altos níveis. Os ciclones nessas localidades serão intensos (entre 20°S e 30°S) e tendem a afetar uma região mais próxima à costa.