Thesis (Ph.D)--Computing, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. / Committee Chair: Ramachandran, Umakishore; Committee Member: Clark, Nathan; Committee Member: Haskin, Roger; Committee Member: Pu, Calton; Committee Member: Rehg, James. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Florida, 2005. / Title from title page of source document. Document formatted into pages; contains 49 pages. Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Les solutions de streaming vidéo adaptatives basées sur l’utilisation du protocol HTTP ont été largement plébiscitées dans les mondes de l’industrie et de la recherche, notamment pour les possibilités d’améliorations de qualité d’experience qu’elles offrent ainsi que pour leurs facilités de déploiement liées au protocol HTTP. Pour autant, bien que ces solutions permettent d’augmenter la qualité d’experience utilisateurs en diminuant la qualité de la vidéo transmise sur les réseaux pour minimiser les interruptions vidéo liées au temps de chargement, la qualité intrinsèque de la vidéo est limitée par les capacités physiques du chemin entre le serveur utilisé et le client. Dans l’objectif d’augmenter la qualité d’experience utilisateurs et de diminuer les couts de déploiements des services de streaming, les travaux de cette thèse de doctorat proposent de faire évoluer de façon pragmatique les solutions de streaming adaptatives actuelles vers l’utilisation en simultané de plusieurs sources (serveurs ou pairs). La première contribution de cette thèse présente MS-Stream, une technique évolutive de streaming adaptatif basé sur HTTP et utilisant plusieurs serveurs simultanément. MS-Stream offre la possibilité d’exploiter la bande passante disponible dans les infrastructures distribuées et les réseaux hétérogènes. La deuxieme contribution de ce document est MATHIAS, un groupe d’algorithmes d’adaptation centrés client, implémentés dans MS-Stream, qui a pour vocation d’optimiser l’utilisation des ressources réseau hétérogènes mises à disposition du client pour obtenir une qualité vidéo cible. MATHIAS permet à chaque client de controller le nombre de serveur utilisé en simultané, de faire face à l’hétérogeneité des resources disponibles, de réagir aux fluctuations soudaines et non-anticipées des capacités des serveurs tout en donnant à l’utilisateur une experience de streaming ininterrompu. Pour finir, nous allons plus loin dans les capacités de scalabilité et de qualité d’experience de MS-Stream et MATHIAS en tirant profit des ressources physiques des consommateurs. Nous proposons une solution hybride pair-à-pair/multi-server de streaming adaptative: PMS. Au sein de PMS, les logiques d’adaptation de la qualité vidéo et de la scalabilité sont distribuées pour permettre à chaque client de tendre vers une utilisation optimale de l’infrastructure de streaming. / Single-source HTTP Adaptive Streaming solutions (HAS) have become the de-facto solutions to deliver video over the Internet mostly due to their capabilities to increase end-user’s Quality of Experience (QoE) as well as their ease of deployment due to the usage of the HTTP protocol. Although HAS solutions can increase QoE by trading off the delivered video quality to minimize the number of video freezing events, they are limited by the bandwidth available on the considered communication channel between the client and the server. This thesis exposes our contributions in building lightweight pragmatic and evolving solutions advocating for the simultaneous usage of multiple sources with heterogeneous capacities so as to achieve high QoE content delivery at low cost. The first contribution of this work presents a streaming solution extending HAS capabilities to a pragmatic multi-server technique: MS-Stream. MS-Stream provides the means to exploit expanded bandwidth and link diversity in distributed heterogeneous network infrastructures. In our second contribution, we propose MATHIAS, a client-side two-phase consumption and adaptation algorithm implemented into MSStream. MATHIAS aims at increasing the end-user’s perceived streaming quality while utilizing the most of the heterogeneous capacities offered at the service and network environments. Finally, we further extend the QoE and scalability capabilities of MS-Stream and MATHIAS by leveraging on clients’ connectivity capacities and we expose our third contribution: a hybrid P2P/Multi-server live-Streaming system (PMS) incorporating distributed quality and scalability adaptation mechanisms.

En este informe se documenta el diseño y evaluación de un modelo de negocios para un servicio de streaming de películas chilenas. Este trabajo inicia tras detectar en Chile no existe una industria cinematográfica profesionalizada, en que las películas nacionales que se estrenan en cartelera obtienen un bajo nivel de recaudación y un bajo nivel de audiencia. Se observa que los canales tradicionales de exhibición en nuestro país (como salas de cine, televisión y televisión de pago) no permiten acceder a películas independientes y alternativas, y en especial, que existe una carencia de películas nacionales en cartelera. Es en este escenario que streaming se alza como una nueva alternativa de exhibición, siendo Netflix su mayor exponente a nivel nacional y mundial. Gracias al bajo costo y la alta cobertura que ofrece internet, el streaming parece ser la opción que permite a los realizadores nacionales e independientes exhibir sus obras. Considerando lo anterior como una premisa inicial, se aplica la metodología Running Lean para desarrollar un modelo de negocios factible que permita resolver esta necesidad. En una primera instancia se analiza el problema, detectando a los cinéfilos que declaran sentirse afectados por una carencia de contenido nacional y alternativo, para luego profundizar en la descripción de los "adaptadores tempranos" y en las características de la solución que permitiría resolver el problema detectado. Identificado el problema, los adaptadores temprano y la solución, se desarrolla un MVP con el fin de validar en el mercado la idea de negocio. Se diseña entonces Lukea TV, un sitio web que permite el acceso a un catálogo de películas nacionales y alternativas a un precio que el espectador decida. Mediante herramientas cualitativas y cuantitativas se evalúa si el sitio web desarrollado permite entregar valor a los usuarios el valor prometido. Al analizar estos resultados se concluye que el modelo de negocios no se valida en el mercado, ya que se detectan falencias en el diseño del sitio web que impiden entregar el valor esperados a los espectadores, además de que el nivel de ingreso y el nivel de retención de usuarios es bajo: en un periodo de 35 días se obtienen 1.800 visitas, de las cuales un 19% reproduce algún título del catálogo, se observa una retención del 15%, y solo 1 usuario aporta de manera voluntaria, lo que representa una tasa de conversión cercana al 0%. A pesar de que el modelo de negocios propuesto no se valida en el mercado, es posible afirmar que existen realizadores buscando espacios para exhibir sus obras y que existen espectadores que desean acceder a este contenido. Es por eso que este trabajo concluye presentando diversas propuestas, nuevas iteraciones y nuevos modelos de negocios, como mecenazgo y crowdfunding, para generar valor a través de esta oportunidad detectada.

Se discutira las experiencias de los artistas del comic llegando a Netflix y al cine, cómo es el proceso creativo y las dinámicas que lleva esta creación de nuevos universos basado en obras de comic.

[pt] No decorrer das últimas duas décadas, o mercado audiovisual sofreu uma mudança disruptiva em relação ao consumo, distribuição, e, até mesmo, produção do conteúdo. Com o advento do streaming, os clientes podem assistir seus filmes e séries de onde e quando quiserem, sem a limitação das grades de programação tão características da TV Aberta e TV Paga, ou de horários definidos pelas salas de cinema. O surgimento dessa tecnologia gerou uma onda de adoção por empresas da Indústria audiovisual, marcada pelo pioneirismo da Netflix e posterior entrada de incumbentes de outros setores audiovisuais. Diante desse movimento recente, capaz de destruir outros setores, como o do vídeo doméstico, faz-se relevante seu estudo. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo analisar quantitativamente e classificar 37 plataformas de streaming audiovisual com base na tipologia de Porter (1980) e identificar as estratégias competitivas dos grupos que apresentam melhor desempenho, no âmbito global. Para isso, foram revisados na literatura conceitos que tratam de grupos estratégicos, tipologia genérica de Porter e outros autores, avaliação de desempenho e estratégia competitiva. Os dados que tornam o presente trabalho possível são oriundos de demonstrativos de resultados das empresas, sites de pesquisa de mercado, periódicos especializados em audiovisual e os próprios sites das empresas. Com a base de dados consolidada e organizada, foram aplicados testes estatísticos como z score, Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Shapiro-Wilk, k-means cluster, Wilcoxon, MANOVA, ANOVA, entre outros. Como resultado, 14 por cento das plataformas estudadas foram alocadas no grupo estratégico Diferenciação, 30 por cento em Liderança em Custo, 19 por cento em Enfoque em Diferenciação, 8 por cento em Enfoque em Custo e 30 por cento no grupo sem posicionamento ou Stuck In the Middle. / [en] Over the last two decades, the audio-visual industry experienced a disruptive change in the consumption, distribution and production of content. The arrival of streaming technology, that distributes content through internet, without the need of a file download, created the flexibily of content consuption. Clients now can watch their movies and series without the limitation imposed by the very characteristic schedule of Pay TV and Open TV, or the fixed movies sessions of cinema theaters. This thecnology generated a wave of addoption by audio-visual Industry companies, first by Netflix, the pioneer on this choice, followed by incumbent companies from other audio-visual markets, such as Free TV and Pay TV. Facing this recent industry moviment, capable of distroing other sectors, such as the Home Video, this study becomes relevant. The present work has as an objetive to analyse and classify 37 streaming platforms, in a quantitative manner, using Porter s (1980) typology as a theorical framework, and to identify which strategic group shows the best strategic performance, globally. For doing so, literature concepts on strategic groups, strategic typologies, performance analysis and competitive strategy were reviewed. The data that makes the present work possible were colected from the companies financial results, market research websites, speciallized periodics and from their own websites. Once with the organized data base, statistics tests were used such as z score, Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Shapiro-Wilk, k-means cluster, Wilcoxon, MANOVA, ANOVA, between others. As a result, 14 percent of the studied platforms were alocated in Differentiation strategic group, 30 percent on Cost Leadership, 19 percent on Focus Differentiation, 8 percent on Focus Low Cost and 30 percent on Stuck In The Middle.

No description available.

Being able to interact with video streams can be both fun, educational and provide help during disaster situations. However, to achieve the best user experience the interaction must be seamless. This thesis presents the design and implementation of an interface for a media player that allows for users to view multiple video streams of the same event from different geographical positions and angles. The thesis first describes the system design and methods used to implement this kind of media player and explains how to achieve a seemingly good and, to a higher extent, enjoyable video streaming experience. Second, an algorithm is developed for placing each video stream object on the interface's geographic-based map automatically. These objects are placed to ensure the relative positions of the objects compared to the real world. The end result of this project is a proof-of-concept media player which enables a user to see an overview over a geographical streaming area. Presented with the relative location of each stream to the point of interest the player allows the user to click on that stream and switch to viewing the recordings from that point of view. While the resulting player is not yet seamless, the result of this project shows the command-and-control center as initially envisioned. Implementing seamless, uninterrupted, switching between the video streams is outside the scope of this thesis. However, as demonstrated and argued in the thesis, the work done here and the developed software code will allow for easy integration of more advanced prefetching algorithms in future and parallel works.

Studien har undersökt vilka attityder unga svenskar i åldern 16-29 har kring olika former avstreaming. Studien har också undersökt vilka attityder de unga svenskarna har kring illegalaformer av legal streaming samt om dessa attityder överensstämmer eller inte med attityder kring övriga streamingformer. Studien ämnar komplettera tidigare studier som inte tidigare undersökt unga svenskars attityder kring illegala former av legal streaming.Studien genomfördes med både kvalitativ och kvantitativ metod. För att samla in det empiriska materialet genomfördes en webbenkät med 82 respondenter och en intervju med en fokusgrupp bestående av fyra personer. Utöver detta har det också genomförts en innehållsanalys av två internetforum.Det resultat som de empiriska undersökningarna resulterade i överensstämde till stor del med tidigare studier. Attityderna som fanns kring de olika formerna av streaming överensstämde till stor del även de. Signifikanta faktorer som påverkade dessa attityder var bland annat viljan att se en stor mängd film samt ny film. Den ekonomiska aspekten var inte alltid den mest drivande faktorn. Vidare ansåg respondenter att streamingtjänsters utbud inte bör begränsas geografiskt.Slutsatsen var att attityderna kring de olika formerna av streaming till stor del stämde överensmed attityder som påvisats i tidigare studier. Attityderna som påträffades i studiens empiriöverensstämmer oavsett hur användaren streamar. Vidare vittnade respondenterna om attavstängande från legala streamingtjänster om de geografiska begränsningarna kringgicks kunde leda till ett ökat användande av illegala streamingtjänster. / The study has examined the attitudes of young Swedes in the ages 16-29 have on various forms of streaming. The study has also examined the young Swedes attitudes towards illegal forms of legal streaming and circumventing geographic limits. The goal was to see if these attitudes were consistent or not with the attitudes about other forms of streaming. The study had the purpose to complement previous studies with the attitudes about illegal forms of legal streaming since this have not been examined before.The study was conducted by using both quantitative and qualitative methods. In order to collect the empirical result the study used a web survey respond2ent by 82 respondents and an interview with a focus group concluding four respondents. In addition to this, a content analysis of two Internet forums has been done.The empirical inquest resulted in similar results as previous studies. The attitudes that werefound in this empirical study were also consistent within the different forms of streaming. Therespondents testified that a factor they had that affected the attitudes was a will to see a largeamount of movies. The economical aspect was not one of the biggest factors that affected the attitudes. The respondents did not though that the amount of movies they offered to the users should be limited geographically.The conclusion was that the attitudes of the various forms of streaming were largely consistent with the attitudes demonstrated in previous studies. Attitudes found in the study's empirical evidence were consistent regardless whichever way as the user streams. Furthermore, respondents testified that seclusion from the legal streaming services if the users were circumventing the geographic limits might lead towards an increased use of illegal streaming services.

Användningen av strömmande video ökar snabbt just nu. Ett populärt konceptär adaptive bitrate streaming som går ut på att en video kodas i flera olikabithastigheter. Dessa videor tas sedan och delas upp i små filer och görstillgänglig via internet. När du vill spela upp en sådan video laddar du först hemen fil som beskriver vart filerna finns och i vilka bithastigheter de är kodade i.Mediaspelaren kan där efter börja ladda hem filerna och spela upp dom. Om defysiska förutsättningarna, som exempelvis nedladdningshastighet eller CPUbelastning,ändras under uppspelningen kan mediaspelaren enkelt byta kvalitépå videon genom att börja ladda filer av en annan bithastighet och slippa attvideon laggar. Denna rapport tar därför en närmare titt på fyra tekniker inomadaptive bitrate streaming. De som undersöks är HTTP Live Streaming,Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP, HTTP Dynamic Streaming ochSmooth Streaming med avseende på vilka protokoll som dom använder.Rapporten undersöker även hur Apple och FFmpeg har implementerat HTTPLive streaming med avseende på hur mycket data som behövs läsas i en filinnan videon kan börja spelas upp. Rapporten visar att det inte är så storaskillnader mellan de fyra teknikerna. Dock sticker Dynamic AdaptiveStreaming over HTTP ut lite genom att vara helt oberoende av vilket ljud ellervideoprotokoll som används. Rapporten visar också på en brist i specificeringenav HTTP Live Streaming då det inte är specificerat att första komplettabildrutan i videoströmmen bör ligga i början av filen. I Apples implementationbehövs upp till 30 kB data läsas innan uppspelning kan påbörjas medan iFFmpegs implementation är det ca 600 byte. / The use of streaming video is growing rapidly at the moment. A popular conceptis adaptive bitrate streaming, which is when a video gets encoded in severaldifferent bit rates. These videos are then split into small files and made availablevia the internet. When you want to play such a video, you first download afile that describes where the files are located and in what bitrates they are encodedin. The media player then begin downloading the files and play them. Ifthe physical conditions, such as the download speed or CPU load, changes duringplayback, the media player can easily change the quality of the video bystarting to downloading files of a different bit rate and avoid that the video lags.This report will take a closer look at four techniques in adaptive bitrate streaming.They examined techniques are HTTP Live Streaming, Dynamic AdaptiveStreaming over HTTP, HTTP Dynamic Streaming and Smooth Streaming andwhich protocols they use. The report also examines how Apple and FFmpeg hasimplemented HTTP Live Streaming with respect to how much data is needed toread a file before the video can begin to be played. The report shows that thereare no large differences between the four techniques. However, Dynamic AdaptiveStreaming over HTTP stood out a bit by being completely independent ofany audio or video protocols. The report also shows a shortcoming in the specificationof HTTP Live Streaming as it is not specified that the first completeframe of the video stream should be at the beginning of the file. In Apple's implementationits needed to read up to 30 KB of data before playback can bestarted while in FFmpeg's implementation its about 600 bytes.