A prospective ecological risk assessment method was developed evaluating the cumulative probabilistic impact of chemical stressors to aquatic organisms. This method was developed in response to the need to evaluate the magnitude, duration and episodic nature of chemical stressors on aquatic communities under environmental exposure scenarios. The method generates a probabilistic expression of the percent of an ecosystem's species at risk from a designated chemical exposure scenario.

The purpose of this study was to examine Dienstbier's (1989) hypothesis that SAM elicitation is prompted by subject's cognitive expectations of an acute stressor ('challenge' or 'threat' appraisal). Reported anxiety was also measured.

Psychosocial working conditions play a significant role for health during working age, as well as in post-retirement life. However, little is known about the impact of work stressors on cognitive and physical impairment assessed in combination. The aim was to study associations between midlife work stressors and physical and cognitive impairment in older age for women and men separately. The data were derived from two Swedish nationally representative surveys. The same participants were followed through three waves at the mean ages of 54, 61, and 81 (n=360). Multinomial logistic regression was used to assess the association between work stressors, and test of cognitive and physical function. Low control and passive jobs were associated with higher odds of cognitive impairment, and cognitive and physical impairment when assessed in combination. These findings were driven by associations found among men. Accumulated low control and passive jobs across midlife were associated with physical impairment in older age among men, but not among women. These results highlight the importance of work stressors for physical and cognitive impairment in older age. Improving psychosocial working conditions in midlife, in particular increasing the level of control among employees, may promote healthy aging.

Teacher attrition has continued to be problem across the United States, especially in urban, high-need districts. The purpose of this qualitative multiple case study was to identify the coping strategies of alternatively certified teachers in urban, high-need schools in order to understand how teachers overcome factors contributing to attrition. Research questions centered on the perceived challenges and stressors of alternatively certified teachers as well as the coping strategies that support their retention. The conceptual framework was based on Bronfenbrenner's theory of ecological development. Criterion sampling was used to identify experienced alternatively prepared teachers who had persisted for at least 4 years within an urban, high-need district. Data consisting of in-depth, semistructured interviews, online journals, and documents were coded inductively, using pattern coding for the purpose of explanation building across cases. Four primary themes related to stressors were identified: student behaviors and motivation, workload, administrator stress, and colleague stress. The 6 main themes related to coping strategies were social activities, professional learning, wellness and exercise, avoidance behaviors, school community support, and recreation and pastimes. The implications are that teachers may use the findings to gain strategies that can empower them to persist in challenging placements, and students may have increased access to experienced teachers. In addition, school administrators and alternative preparation programs may use the findings to provide teachers with proactive strategies for retention before they begin to experience stressors.

Der vorliegende Auswertungsbericht fasst die Ergebnisse einer Studie der TU Dresden zum Einfluss von Analytics Tools auf das Controlling der 3.000 größten Unternehmen in Deutschland im Jahr 2021 zusammen. Der Auswertungsbericht gibt einen Überblick über den Stand der Gestaltung und der Nutzung von Analytics Tools im Controlling. Befragt wurden die in den Unternehmen verantwortlichen Controllingleiter bzw. kaufmännische Geschäftsführer und CFOs mittels eines strukturierten Fragebogens. Der Rücklauf von 322 verwertbaren Fragebögen bei einer Rücklaufquote von 10,78 % unterstreicht das große Interesse der Praxis an dem Untersuchungsthema.:Inhaltsverzeichnis Abbildungsverzeichnis 1 Einleitung 1.1 Zielsetzung und untersuchte Aspekte 1.2 Inhalte des Auswertungsberichts und weitere Schritte im Forschungsprojekt 2 Grundkonzepte der Studie: Ein theoretischer Überblick 2.1 Der Begriff der Digitalisierung 2.1.1 Big Data als Grundlage für Business Analytics 2.1.2 Business Analytics 2.1.3 Abgrenzung von Business Analytics zu anderen Technologien 2.1.4 Business Analytics im Controlling 2.2 Psychologische Effekte von Digitalisierung (Rollenstress) 3 Datenerhebung und Auswertungsmethodik 3.1 Charakterisierung der Grundgesamtheit 3.2 Ablauf der Datenerhebung 3.3 Zusammenfassung des Fragebogenrücklaufs 3.4 Auswertungsmethodik 4 Empirische Ergebnisse zur Nutzung und Gestaltung von Analytics Tools im Controlling 4.1 Demografie der Antwortenden 4.2 Teil 1: Generelle Fragen zum Unternehmen 4.2.1 Organisatorische Einbettung des Controllings 4.2.2 Stand der Digitalisierung des Controllings im Unternehmen 4.2.3 Beitrag der Controlling-Abteilung für das Unternehmen 4.2.4 Einfluss der Corona-Pandemie 4.2.5 Veränderungen im Unternehmensumfeld 4.3 Teil 2: Fragen zur Controlling-Abteilung und zum Einsatz von Analytics Tools im Controlling 4.3.1 Aktivitäten der Controlling-Mitarbeiter (Rollenverständnis) 4.3.2 Verwendete Analytics Tools 4.3.3 Effekte der Analytics Tools 4.3.4 Art der Nutzung von Analytics Tools 4.3.5 Ressourcen für Analytics-Initiativen 4.3.6 Datenorientierung und Datenkultur 4.3.7 Big Data-Charakteristik der Daten 4.3.8 Eigenschaften von in Analytics Tools genutzten Daten 4.3.9 Technologische Charakteristika der Analytics Tools 4.3.10 Unterstützung durch das Top Management Team 4.3.11 Fähigkeiten der Führungskräfte im Controlling 4.3.12 Technische Fähigkeiten von Controlling-Mitarbeitern 4.3.13 Analytische Fähigkeiten der Controlling-Mitarbeiter 4.3.14 Wissenszugang und -nutzung 4.4 Teil 3: Fragen zum Einfluss von Analytics Tools auf die Tätigkeit und das Arbeitsumfeld von Controllingleitern 4.4.1 Auswirkungen von Informationen aus Analytics Tools 4.4.2 Arbeitsrelevante Informationen für die Tätigkeit als Controlling-Leiter 4.4.3 Umstände der Tätigkeit von Controllingleitern (Rollenüberlastung) 4.4.4 Wahrnehmungen der Arbeit von Controlingleitern (Rollenambiguität und Rollenkonflikt) 4.4.5 Einstellungen zum Unternehmen 4.5 Sonstige Hinweise der Studienteilnehmer 5 Management Summary 6 Literaturverzeichnis

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Members of Greek Life organizations consume more alcohol and participate in risky drinking behaviors at higher rate than their non-Greek counterparts due to deep rooted social norms within this population. Undergraduate sorority women at college and universities are often overlooked in research regarding trends in alcohol use in Greek Life organizations. However, women between the ages of 18 and 24 are more vulnerable to the consequences of heavy alcohol use compared to men, including liver disease, sexual assault, poor academic outcomes and post-collegiate alcohol use disorders (AUDs). Although higher education institutions are tasked with educating their students about safe alcohol use and protecting students from harm, these interventions are often inadequate in decreasing alcohol related consequences. Among students, sorority women consistently consume higher amounts of alcohol and exhibit higher rates of risky drinking behavior. This thesis aims to examine the unique alcohol-related consequences and risk factors sorority women face. Implications are discussed to guide college administrators, counselors and other supports that are likely to encounter issues associated with alcohol use within this population.

No description available.

Background: Occupational stress is a global and complex phenomenon, and workers in developing countries can be affected by it (International Labour Organisation 2001). Staff within maternity settings have been identified as being at risk of suffering from stress, resulting in adverse health outcomes (Evenden and Sharpe, 2002). However, MWAs’ perceptions of stress have not been captured and are not reflected in the literature. Purpose: The aim of this study was to explore MWAs’ perceptions of occupational stress, possible cause(s), the impact and support available and the coping methods they adopted within maternity care settings (hospital) in Nigeria. Methodology: This study adopted a qualitative methodology. Husserl’s (1962) phenomenological approach was chosen as it enabled the researcher to collect rich, in-depth, descriptive accounts of the MWAs’ perceptions of the phenomenon under study through the use of semi-structured interviews. Findings: The major sources of stress for MWAs included work overload, long working hours, staff shortages, work exploitation and intensification and lack of support from senior staff. The stress levels MWAs experienced impacted on their health and well-being and resulted in related behavioural and physical reactions. Conclusion: This study confirmed that MWAs were exposed to similar stress factors experienced by other health workers and reported in the research literature. Additionally, it demonstrated the need for more qualitative studies to explore the perceptions of occupational stress among under-represented groups of healthcare workers. Importantly, this study created an opportunity to explore the experience of dedicated women facing challenging employment practices in hospital settings in Nigeria. Equally, it gave a voice to these unrecognised, almost invisible women, who were the MWAs that played a key role within the maternity services.

Endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) interfere with the physiology of hormone systems. Traditionally, steroidogenic pharmaceuticals have been studied as EDCs however there has been growing evidence that non-steroidogenic pharmaceuticals can alter sex steroid levels and impair reproductive functions in fish. This is of concern as pharmaceuticals are detected in surface waters at the ng L-1 to µg L-1 range. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) were exposed to 10 µg L-1 of the pharmaceuticals carbamazepine and gemfibrozil for 6 weeks. Male-biased sex ratios were observed in the sexually mature offspring after paternal exposure, suggesting that sexual differentiation may be impacted in juveniles. Currently, the ability of pharmaceuticals to interfere with sexual differentiation of parentally exposed offspring is unknown. This thesis examined the gonad histology of juvenile zebrafish to understand how sexual differentiation was affected in the offspring of exposed parents. Paternal, but not maternal, exposure to carbamazepine resulted in a significantly faster sexual differentiation of the gonads and led to a male-biased sex ratio; these effects were not observed when both parents were exposed. Combined paternal and maternal exposure to gemfibrozil resulted in significantly faster sexual differentiation and paternal, but not maternal, exposure to gemfibrozil led to male-biased sex ratios. Interestingly, sex ratios observed in the juveniles did not always reflect those found in the same lineage at sexual maturity, suggesting a sex reversal, including a male to female transition, occurred past the juvenile sexual differentiation period in some fish. This thesis demonstrates that pharmaceuticals have the ability to disrupt sexual differentiation in the F1 offspring of exposed parents and that paternal exposure is most relevant for offspring effects. / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc) / Parental exposure to the environmentally-relevant pharmaceuticals carbamazepine or gemfibrozil led to male-biased sex ratios in adult offspring of zebrafish (Danio rerio), a common model organism. The development of the gonads in juveniles was investigated to determine how this process was impacted. Predominately, paternal exposure was found to result in a faster development of the testes and male-biased sex ratios. Interestingly, sex ratios in juveniles did not always reflect those in adults, suggesting a sex reversal may have occurred in adulthood. This study demonstrates the ability of pharmaceuticals to alter gonad development in offspring of exposed parents.