This thesis describes a program of research designed to investigate longitudinally the role of debt in a cohort of 1232 final-year New Zealand secondary school students, their tertiary entry decisions and their attitudes towards tertiary education and student debt. It follows some of these students into their first year out of school into tertiary education or otherwise. Two surveys were conducted that employed the Attitude to Debt Scale (Davies and Lea, 1995) to address students’ debt and savings behaviour and estimates, tertiary education entry decisions, and attitudes to tertiary education and term-time working. Debt attitudes are found to be more complex than previously proposed, and this has significant ramifications for debt attitude theory and research. Longitudinal comparisons suggest students’ views regarding debt necessity does not change but their attitude to avoiding does. Students become more or less avoidant of debt depending on their circumstances. However, debt attitude results still support many of the findings of earlier research such as debt acquisition preceding a more tolerant attitude change. Debt and tertiary education attitudes are not well predicted. Students report engaging in term-time working to limit their student loans, but engaging in term-time working results in lower grades in their studies. Those from the middle and higher socio-economic classes are more likely to be positive towards tertiary education, and thus entrants, compared with the lower socio-economic classes. However, the results do not suggest this is due to debt attitudes or fear of debt.

This thesis describes a program of research designed to investigate longitudinally the role of debt in a cohort of 1232 final-year New Zealand secondary school students, their tertiary entry decisions and their attitudes towards tertiary education and student debt. It follows some of these students into their first year out of school into tertiary education or otherwise. Two surveys were conducted that employed the Attitude to Debt Scale (Davies and Lea, 1995) to address students’ debt and savings behaviour and estimates, tertiary education entry decisions, and attitudes to tertiary education and term-time working. Debt attitudes are found to be more complex than previously proposed, and this has significant ramifications for debt attitude theory and research. Longitudinal comparisons suggest students’ views regarding debt necessity does not change but their attitude to avoiding does. Students become more or less avoidant of debt depending on their circumstances. However, debt attitude results still support many of the findings of earlier research such as debt acquisition preceding a more tolerant attitude change. Debt and tertiary education attitudes are not well predicted. Students report engaging in term-time working to limit their student loans, but engaging in term-time working results in lower grades in their studies. Those from the middle and higher socio-economic classes are more likely to be positive towards tertiary education, and thus entrants, compared with the lower socio-economic classes. However, the results do not suggest this is due to debt attitudes or fear of debt.

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Despite the education, autonomy, and high demand for physical therapists both nationally and in Florida, recent graduates have seen steadily rising education costs with disproportionate changes in income once they have graduated and entered the workforce. The growing debt burden of physical therapists entering the workforce, coupled with the growth in projected need and stagnant wages, raises concern about where and how entry-level physical therapists will practice and if these choices will be affected by their debt burden. The purpose of this quantitative, cross-sectional survey study was to identify the debt profile of entry-level physical therapists and explore the relationship between the student debt and clinical practice choices of entry-level physical therapists. The results of this study provide important findings and additional questions to be considered with these growing concerns surrounding student debt in physical therapy. The results of this study suggest that practice setting choice may be affected by physical therapists’ student debt and that student debt may be a barrier overall to career choices in physical therapy. Additional research and support for innovative models that reduce debt burden in academic physical therapy should be considered.

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À partir de deux recherches de terrain, l’une réalisée à Montréal (Canada) et l’autre à Santiago (Chili), cette thèse cherche à comprendre l’expérience d’endettement vécu comme problématique par les jeunes adultes scolarisés. Le projet a été d’observer le lien entre l’expérience d’endettement, les représentations du problématique et le contexte sociogéographique et culturel où l’endettement prend place. Combinant une sociologie qualitative et des compléments de sociologie quantitative, l’étude décrit quand, comment et pourquoi l’expérience d’endettement devient vécu problématique et elle observe ensuite les variations de ce vécu en fonction du lieu (Montréal et Santiago). Suivie d’une synthèse, la présentation des résultats débute par trois articles. Le premier, présente les résultats d’une enquête réalisée à Montréal et s’intéresse à ce qui rend l’endettement problématique aux yeux de jeunes adultes ayant fréquenté des associations coopératives d’économie familiale (ACEF) en raison de leur situation d’endettement. En ressort une dimension plus responsabilisante de l’individu et créatrice de détresse autoculpabilisante qui caractérise le vécu montréalais de l’endettement problématique : l’endetté s’y sent fautif. Les deuxième et troisième articles présentent les résultats d’une enquête réalisée à Santiago et s’intéressent à ce qui rend l’endettement problématique aux yeux de jeunes adultes débiteurs d’un système de financement universitaire chilien désigné comme « les prêts de la Corfo ». En ressort une dimension plus responsabilisante du pouvoir politique et surtout créatrice de colère sociale envers les structures de prêt : l’endetté s’y sent victime. Deux contextes sociétaux différents produisent deux types d’expérience d’endettement différents. Les jeunes adultes de Montréal vivent l’endettement comme un problème lorsqu’ils ont intégré le discours de la responsabilité individuelle et de l’autonomie financière et qu’ils se sentent en échec face à ce modèle : ils ont l’impression de ne pas répondre au modèle économique promu par la société québécoise. Les jeunes adultes débiteurs de la Corfo vivent l’endettement comme un problème lorsqu’ils regardent la société chilienne comme étant incapable de tenir ses promesses de mobilité sociale par le diplôme. Ils ont fait ce qu’il faut pour devenir professionnels et jouir des avantages économiques attribués à ce statut, mais dans les faits, l’endettement contracté ne conduit à la situation convoitée et sert davantage les intérêts des prêteurs que les leurs. / Based on two case studies conducted in Montreal, Canada and Santiago, Chile, this thesis seeks to develop an understanding of the experience of debt as a resentful and problematic situation among educated young adults from both contexts. The aim is to analyze the link between both of their social experiences-the ones facing a problematic situation of debt and the social context in which this situation arises. Specifically, it firstly seeks to describe how, when, and why the experience of young adults in debt becomes a problem and secondly, it seeks to compare how this experience is constructed in the two contexts studied. The empirical results are presented in three articles. The first one explored, through a qualitative study conducted with young adults in Montreal who frequented Family Economy Cooperative Associations (in French ACEF) because of their debt, the dimensions that make the debt become a problematic situation. The two elements that emerge from this analysis are the individualistic dimension and its great responsibility, which induces debt among young Montrealers. The second and third article deal with the case of young people in debt under the undergraduate loans system which are granted by the Corporation for the Promotion of Production (in Spanish Corfo). The social context of debt emergency is producing two very different types of debt experience. In Montreal, the consequences of debt are limited in time and they are possible to overcome by young people who see themselves responsible for their situation. Conversely, in Santiago, young people are forced to repay their debts and in order to do so, they develop a series of adaptation strategies. The consequences of these strategies are irreversible and have a long-term effect. The extension of the power of submission to an abusive loan expands to a large network of people, which makes them face debt collectively. This thesis shows evidence on the differences in the discourse of debt and its implications between Santiago and Montreal. While in Montreal the discourse of failure (and its correlation with depressive states) causes passivity among young people, in Santiago, this situation causes anger. Young people in debt group together in associations to report a situation they consider an abuse.

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