Sweden has gone from an agricultural society to an industrial society which may lead to a less self-sufficient country. The concept of self-sufficiency has been a way to narrate how dependent a country is of the import to provide the population with enough food. The Swedish society is not only dependent of import of food but also import of fuel, chemical fertilizers, seeds and spare parts to various agricultural machineries. This study will investigate how agricultural area and enterprises and energy supply per person in Sweden have changed during 1970 to 2020. The results show an overall decrease of agricultural land with 16 percent and especially a decrease is found among smaller scale agricultural enterprises. In contradiction an increase is seen of large agricultural companies with 200 percent during this time period. The energy supply per person has decreased and after taking export into account the change is from 114 percent self -sufficiency 1970 to a 48 percent self-sufficiency during 2020. In conclusion; reduced arable land, decreasing agricultural enterprises and a lower degree of self-sufficiency makes Sweden more dependent on commercial agreements and more vulnerable for trade restrictions. Trade restrictions regarding goods to the agriculture industry could lead to food shortage in the country.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(社会健康医学) / 甲第21032号 / 社医博第86号 / 新制||社医||10(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科社会健康医学系専攻 / (主査)教授 古川 壽亮, 教授 川上 浩司, 教授 黒田 知宏 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Public Health / Kyoto University / DFAM

Efforts to meet the needs of poverty stricken Americans have resulted in the passage of numerous federal and state policies. Current Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) policy emphasizes sharing the responsibility for meeting citizens’ needs through partnerships with those in poverty. Such reforms challenge local administrators to define and assess the terms of welfare policy reform success. This study’s adaptation of the theory of positionality examines how position in public organizations can inform employees’ views of welfare policy performances. Specifically, it seeks to determine if the type of administrative responsibility and interaction (positionality) with citizens leads to differing views of performance policy success, needed policy reforms, and varying views on the importance of including welfare clients in welfare policy reform discussions, development and evaluation. The study finds that current TANF policy is effective at meeting clients’ needs, but administrators differ in how they define and apply self-sufficiency, and they are not supportive of involving clients in the administration of welfare policies.

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In order to deliver statistical and qualitative backing to latent fingerprint evidence, algorithms are proposed (1) to perform fingerprint matching to aid in quality assessment, and (2) to discover statistically rare features or patterns in fingerprints. These features would help establish an objective minimum-quality baseline for latent prints as well as aid in the latent examination process in making a matching comparison. The proposed methodologies use minutiae triplet-based features in a hierarchical fashion, where not only minutia points are used, but ridge information is used to help establish relations between minutiae. Results show (1) that our triplet-based descriptor is useful in eliminating false matches in the matching algorithm, and (2) that a set of distinctive features can be found that have sufficient discriminatory power to aid in quality assessment. / Master of Science

Thesis advisor: Juliet B. Schor / A key emergent issue in debates over how to respond to climate change is whether wealthy countries can continue to pursue endless economic growth and still meet emissions targets called for by scientists. This study examines how and why ideas of sufficiency--which emphasize the need to limit production and consumption growth--have emerged in this context, despite great obstacles in growth-oriented societies more favourable to "business-as-usual" or ecological modernization ("green growth") approaches. These issues are examined through a comparative case study of the United Kingdom and Canada--the former one of the most successful nations to date in reducing its greenhouse-gas (GHG) emissions and the latter one of the worst performers in terms of emissions levels, emissions growth, and climate-policy implementation. The study draws on data from semi-structured interviews with actors involved in climate politics; attendance at public events and conferences debating climate-change responses; analysis of documents such as climate strategies, policy statements, speeches, op-eds, and press releases; and media articles. Evidence from these cases indicates that an ecological modernization project is very important to move beyond business-as-usual, but its limits are also evident to many in light of the need for deep and rapid emissions cuts. Combined with a critique of economic growth's faltering capacity to improve well-being, opportunities have emerged for a more challenging sufficiency perspective. Ideas of the limits to macro-economic growth have re-emerged, although they face daunting obstacles in neoliberal, consumerist capitalism. The idea of sufficiency has made greater inroads when formulated in more limited ways, such as: partial and nuanced growth critiques, demands for alternative economic indicators to replace GDP, or calls for micro-level sufficiency with respect to specific products, practices, or sectors. Sufficiency-based ideas have also benefitted where the boundaries with ecological modernization are blurred, including, paradoxically, instances where they could be linked to increased economic output in some other form. This emergence of sufficiency-based thinking has advanced further in the UK than in Canada--in large part because in Canada, a significant push for green growth has yet to occur and thus ecological modernization's limits have been harder to see or articulate. / Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2009. / Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: Sociology.

Pour Platon, le monde et l'homme bon sont tous deux dans cette situation de n'avoir d'autre ami que soi-même. L'"autarkeia", définie comme auto-suffisance est un idéal dans la philosophie grecque, chez Socrate par exemple, et pour Xénophon et Aristote. Platon en propose toutefois un traitement original : quasiment absent des textes, le concept d'"autarkeia" structure l'ensemble de la philosophie de Platon. L'enjeu principal est de déterminer si l'autarcie peut être définie comme relative, ou si elle ne peut conserver un sens qu'en étant absolue. Le sens de l'autarcie pose problème pour l'homme bon -le philosophe, pour l'homme dans la cité, pour le monde et pour les Formes. L'"autarkeia" met en évidence la tension entre le rapport au désir (qui présuppose le manque), et l'exigence de fonder la philosophie et la dialectique, sur un principe (anhypothétique, c'est-à-dire auto-suffisant). C'est toutefois le sens absolu de l'autarcie qui rend possible une métaphysique : l’autarcie apparaît donc comme une condition du discours philosophique. / According to Plato, the world and the good man share this way of being : having no friend but themselves. Autàrkeia, or self-sufficiency, is an ideal for Greek philosophers, for Socrates for example, and according to Xenophon or Aristotle. However, Plato deals with autârkeia in an original way : autârkeia can be considered as a guideline for Plato 's philosophy, while the concept is almost missing in the texts. Can self-sufficiency be defined as relative? Or would il be merely be absolute, as the only possible meaning. The problem needs to be examined for the good man -the philosopher-, for citizens, the world and Forms. Autârkeia highlights the contradiction between desire (which presupposes lack), and the necessity to ground philosophy (and dialectic) on a principle (an "anhypothetic" one, which means: self-sufficient). Yet, metaphysics is grounded on the absolute meaning of autàrkeia: self-sufficiency is therefore a main condition of philosophical logos.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T16:24:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Roberta de Freitas.pdf: 4201818 bytes, checksum: 579a958eeb338558fbaeb619d7c9df7e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-02-18 / The Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System (DRIS) is an efficient tool for nutritional diagnosis on several crops. However, it no longer has been used on cotton crop, mainly in Goiás State. This work aimed to gain DRIS norms and diagnose the most limiting nutritional factors to obtain high cotton yields, using soil and leaf analysis, interpreted through critical levels or concentration ranges and DRIS techniques. Sampling sites were chosen on commercial area according to local topographic features and soil classes, trying to maintain their inside uniformity. Soil and leaf samples were taken at the full flowering stage (90 day after seeding). Ten leafs from each point were sampled, withdrawing the fifth leaf from the apex of the main stem, and for soil analysis six single samples from 0 to 20 cm at each point. Yields were assess after physiological maturation, taking two seeding rows five meters long for harvesting cotton fiber. Soil and leaf data were interpreted through DRIS and concentration ranges techniques. Norms were established from populations with yields greater than 4 Mg ha-1 of nutmeat cotton for calculating the DRIS indices. The diagnosis techniques assessed in this work showed distinct interpretations. The nutrients S, P, B, Zn, Fe and Mn showed to be the most limiting ones, as evaluated on by soil and analysis and diagnosed through the DRIS technique. Using the concentration range technique P, Zn and SOM in soil data, whereas in leaf data, S, Zn, K and B, are the most limiting ones. DRIS showed higher sensibility for diagnosing nutritional deficiencies, moreover, for micronutrients. / O Sistema Integrado de Diagnose e Recomendação (DRIS) tem mostrado-se eficiente como método para diagnóstico nutricional em diversas culturas. Porém o método tem sido pouco empregado na cultura do algodoeiro, principalmente no Estado de Goiás. O objetivo deste trabalho foi obter normas DRIS e diagnosticar os fatores nutricionais mais limitantes à obtenção de altas produtividades para a cultura do algodão, através de análises foliares e de terra, interpretadas pelos métodos faixas de concentração ou níveis críticos e DRIS. Foram selecionados pontos de amostragem, em uma área comercial no município de Silvânia, Goiás, conforme as características locais de topografia e tipo de solo, procurando-se manter uniformidade dentro dos pontos e diferenças entre eles. As amostras de terra e folha foram coletadas na época de florescimento pleno (90 dias após o plantio). Coletou-se 10 folhas em cada ponto, retirando-se a quinta folha a partir do ápice da haste principal, e para a análise de terra coletou-se seis amostras simples na profundidade de 0 a 20 cm para cada ponto, totalizando 108 pontos de amostragem. Para avaliação da produtividade em cada ponto de amostragem, após a maturação fisiológica, foram tomadas duas linhas de cinco metros lineares de plantio, colhendo-se as plumas. As análises de terra e folhas foram interpretadas pelos métodos das faixas de concentração ou níveis críticos e o DRIS. Foram estabelecidas normas a partir de uma população com produtividade maior que 4.000 kg ha-1 de algodão em caroço para cálculo dos índices DRIS. Os métodos de diagnose avaliados neste trabalho apresentaram interpretações distintas. Os nutrientes S, P, B, Zn, Fe e Mn foram os mais limitantes nas análises de terra e de folha, diagnosticados pelo método DRIS. Pelas faixas de concentração ou níveis críticos P, Zn e matéria orgânica foram os mais limitantes nas análises de terra, enquanto nas análises foliares foram os nutrientes S, Zn, K e B. O método DRIS apresentou maior sensibilidade para diagnosticar problemas nutricionais, especialmente, para micronutrientes.

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2018-03-14T17:50:03Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2017 - Everton de Jesus Silva.pdf: 1131282 bytes, checksum: e3ce430e9429df1849896da190eb904a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-14T17:50:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2017 - Everton de Jesus Silva.pdf: 1131282 bytes, checksum: e3ce430e9429df1849896da190eb904a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-06-23 / The aim of this dissertation is to investigate eudaimony from the work Nicomachean Ethics, searching to investigate what would have led Aristotle to identify the greatest good attainable by man with happiness. We try to demonstrate that happiness represents, for Aristotle, a self-sufficient good, sought by itself and not by any other thing. It is a dominant good, that is, the good for excellence, not the openness to the covering of other goods. Otherwise, the search for a happy life would be endless and never fully realized. We also find that happiness shouldn?t be understood as permanently secured possession, because even a considered happy man to be happy will have no guarantee that he will have his happiness permanently secured, because eudaimony should be understood as an activity that requires an active life. In Book X of the Nicomachean Ethics, Aristotle presents two types of eudaimony, one that occurs in the contemplative plane and the other one that is realized through the ethical virtues. Happiness on the contemplative plane is considered the most perfect and the most self-sufficient, allowing man to realize that which is most divine in himself, which is reason, whereas happiness provided by the ethical virtues can only enable man human happiness, hence the Aristotelian assertion that it is a kind of secondary happiness. / O objetivo desta disserta??o ? fazer uma investiga??o sobre a eudaimonia a partir da obra ?tica a Nic?maco, procurando investigar o que teria levado Arist?teles a identificar o maior bem ating?vel pelo homem com a felicidade. Procuramos demonstrar que a felicidade representa, para Arist?teles, um bem autossuficiente, buscado por si mesmo e n?o em fun??o de outra coisa. Ela ? um bem dominante, isto ?, o bem por excel?ncia e n?o a abertura para o abarcamento de outros bens. De outro modo, a busca por uma vida feliz seria algo intermin?vel e jamais se daria plenamente. Verificamos ainda que a felicidade n?o deve ser entendida como uma posse permanentemente assegurada, isso porque mesmo um homem considerado feliz n?o possuir? nenhuma garantia de que ter? sua felicidade segura de maneira permanente, porque a eudaimonia dever? ser compreendida como uma atividade que requer uma vida ativa. No livro X da ?tica a Nic?maco, Arist?teles apresenta dois tipos de eudaimonia, uma que se d? no plano contemplativo e a outra que se realiza atrav?s das virtudes ?ticas. A felicidade que se d? no plano contemplativo ? considerada a mais perfeita e a mais autossuficiente, permitindo ao homem realizar o que existe de mais divino em si, que ? a raz?o, enquanto que a felicidade proporcionada pelas virtudes ?ticas s? pode possibilitar ao homem uma felicidade tipicamente humana, da? a afirma??o aristot?lica de ser ela um tipo de felicidade secund?ria.

This dissertation examines Carla Emery's The Encyclopedia of Country Living and her contribution to the modern homesteading movement. Emery (1939-2005) advocated the use of traditional methods and antique cookbooks for food self-sufficiency. She first self published and distributed the book in "issues" (1971), which were eventually combined and sold as a single book, originally named The Old Fashioned Recipe Book (1974). A reading community developed around The Encyclopedia and readers participated in its development by submitting recipes and homesteading resources. Several editions have followed and the book remains in print, considered an authoritative reference for modern homesteading. Modern homesteading is rooted in the traditions of homesteading and domestic advice. It represents a consciousness of human relationships with the land for food production and the role domestic advice in cooking and other aspects of home economics, Emery recommended a country living foodways and 19th century methods of food production for homesteading, attempting to de-industrialize the kitchen. Emery represents an important and persistent cultural interest in going back-to-the-land. Modern homesteading practices also provide possible responses to contemporary post-industrial concerns including consumer culture, food insecurity, and the environment.