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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
161

Stanice na cyklování baterií a superkondenzátorů / Supercapacitor cycling device

Hába, Roman January 2011 (has links)
The supercapacitor is a perspective electrical component reaching very large capacity. Currently is beeing worked on improving its parameters. These parameters are needed to test. Charging and discharging of the supercapacitor is theoretically fully reversible process. However, real supercapacitor accompanies ageing of the electrolyte and electrodes, lead to reduction of the capacity. The aim of this work is to design a device that expose supercapacitor to accelerated ageing, which will facilitate the assessment of ageing commercial and laboratory made supercapacitors.
162

Développement et étude de la synthèse par CVD à basse température de nanotubes de carbone alignés sur substrat d’aluminium / Development and study of CVD synthesis at low temperaturre of aligned carbon nanotubes on aluminium substrate

Nassoy, Fabien 13 April 2018 (has links)
Les supercondensateurs, basés sur des cycles rapides de charge/décharge d’ions, sont une solution intéressante pour répondre à la problématique du stockage d’énergie. Les nanomatériaux carbonés, couplés ou non à des matériaux actifs, présentent des potentialités en tant qu’électrode comparativement au carbone activé couramment utilisé. Dans le cadre d’un laboratoire commun, le CEA, Nawatechnologies et les universités de Tours et Cergy, cherchent à développer des électrodes plus efficaces mettant en œuvre des tapis de nanotubes de carbone verticalement alignés (VACNT) sur collecteur d’aluminium. C’est dans ce contexte que se situe ma thèse CIFRE avec comme objectif le développement et la compréhension de la croissance de nanotubes alignés sur feuille d’aluminium par une méthode de dépôt chimique en phase vapeur (Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD)) assistée par aérosol. Au démarrage de ma thèse, cette technique était maîtrisée par le LEDNA (UMR-NIMBE), mais seulement pour des températures relativement élevées (>800°C). L’enjeu était donc d’étendre cette méthode pour répondre à l’utilisation de l’aluminium comme substrat, ce qui nécessité un abaissement de la température de croissance des VACNT au-dessous du point de fusion de l’Al (660°C). Dans ce cas, les précurseurs catalytiques et carbonés utilisés à plus haute température ne se décompose pas efficacement, c’est pourquoi il a été nécessaire d’ajouter deux composés : l’hydrogène qui favorise la décomposition du précurseur catalytique et l’acétylène dont la décomposition thermique et catalytique est plus favorable à basse température. La thèse est structurée autour de trois axes : l’optimisation du procédé de synthèse, la compréhension des mécanismes de croissances et une étude visant à remplacer l’acétylène par des précurseurs biosourcés. / Supercapacitors, with fast charge / discharge cycles, represent an interest for energy storage. Carbon nanomaterial have a great potential as electrode as compared to common activated carbon based electrodes. CEA, Nawatechnologies, university Tours and Cergy develop electrodes based on vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (VACNT) on aluminium substrate in a joint laboratory. In this context, the aim of my thesis is to develop and understand the growth of VACNT on aluminum foil by aerosol assisted Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD). At the beginning of my thesis, this technique was mastered by the LEDNA (UMR-NIMBE), but only for relatively high temperatures (>800°C). The challenge was therefore to extend this method to respond to the use of aluminium as a substrate, which necessitated a lowering of the growth temperature of VACNT below the melting point of Al (660°C). In this case, the catalytic and carbonaceous precursors used at higher temperatures do not decompose effectively, so it was necessary to add two compounds : hydrogen which increases decomposition of the catalyst precursor [3] and acetylene with a catalytic and thermal decomposition more favorable around 600° C [5]. Therefore, the approach in this work is first to identify the most relevant synthesis parameters to reach VACNT growth at such a low temperature by varying them and analyzing subsequently the products obtained. Moreover, attention is paid on study of Al surface before growth or during the initial steps of VACNT growth, and of CNT / Al interface to understand VACNT formation mechanisms at lower temperatures.
163

Contrôle de la fonctionnalisation par réduction des sels de diazonium via le piégeage radicalaire / Control of the grafting by diazonium salt reduction using radical scavenger

Menanteau, Thibaud 19 September 2016 (has links)
La fonctionnalisation de surface par réduction de précurseurs diazoniums est une puissante méthode de fonctionnalisation de surface. Cependant, bien que cette approche permette l’obtention de matériaux robustes, elle reste encore mal maîtrisée et conduit systématiquement à l’élaboration de films organiques épais, non reproductibles, et structurellement désorganisés. Dans ce contexte, nous avons développé une méthodologie permettant le contrôle du greffage dans le but de réaliser des matériaux organisés et reproductibles. Basée sur l’utilisation de piégeur de radicaux, cette méthode a permis l’obtention d’une monocouche sur un substrat carboné. La stratégie de contrôle a ensuite été exploitée pour bloquer sélectivement le mécanisme radicalaire et évaluer le rôle des mécanismes non-radicalaires dans le processus de greffage. Cette étude a permis une meilleure caractérisation du processus de greffage et mis en lumière l’impact du substituant du précurseur diazonium sur le processus de croissance du film organique. L’exploitation de ces connaissances a été mise à profit via la réalisation d’une plateforme monocouche multifonctionnelle. L’étude des relations structures/propriété a révélé des performances accrues en matière de transfert électronique et d’électro catalyse. Pour finir, la transposition de la méthode de contrôle à un greffage de type spontané a fourni un résultat similaire à celui observé pour le greffage électro-induit. L’approche a été validée par l’optimisation des performances d’un super condensateur réalisé à base de matériaux carbonés dispersés. / The surface functionalization by diazonium salt reduction is a powerful grafting method. However, despite that this approach allows the preparation of robust materials, it leads to thick and unorganized organic films. In this context, we have developped a method allowing the grafting control in order to obtain films having controlled thickness. Based on the use of radical scavengers, this method gives access to monolayer formations on carbon substrates. The control strategy was then exploited to selectively block the radical grafting mechanism and allows to assess the role of non-radical mechanisms in the process. This study provided a better understanding of the layer growth, highlighting the impact of precursor substituent.This knowledge has been used to elaborate a multifunctional platform monolayer. The establishment of sutructure/properties relathionships revealed better performances for electronic transfert and electrocatalysis. Finally, the control method was transposed to the spontaneous grafting and gives similar results than those obtained for the electrochemical one. This approach was validated by the performance optimization of supercapacitor made of carbon powder.
164

Flexible All-Solid-State Supercapacitors with High Volumetric Capacitances Boosted by Solution Processable MXene and Electrochemically Exfoliated Graphene

Li, Hongyan, Hou, Yang, Wang, Faxing, Lohe, Martin R., Zhuang, Xiaodong, Niu, Li, Feng, Xinliang 07 May 2018 (has links)
No description available.
165

Stimulus-Responsive Micro-Supercapacitors with Ultrahigh Energy Density and Reversible Electrochromic Window

Zhang, Panpan, Zhu, Feng, Wang, Faxing, Wang, Jinhui, Dong, Renhao, Zhuang, Xiaodong, Schmidt, Oliver G., Feng, Xinliang 07 May 2018 (has links)
No description available.
166

Impact of energy storage technologies in a distribution grid : An analysis of Key Performance Indicators relating to a local grid’s performance characteristics

Daun, Kevin January 2021 (has links)
The energy system is undergoing a transformation on a never before witnessed scale. The changes are driven by global market forces and technological advancements, improving on a seemingly exponential scale. This in turn has led to the price of both renewables and the accompanying technology decrease over time, making the transition into renewables more economically viable. The drawback of variable renewable energy is that it is variable and dependent on the surrounding environment. Therefore, storing the energy during hours of production, to be used at a later stage when energy demand is higher is becoming ever more important and an attractive option. The purpose of this degree project is to, from a set of performance indicators, evaluate three different energy storage technologies and their respective impact on a distribution grid. The examined storage technologies are: Batteries, Capacitators and a H2 Fuel cell. A literature study was performed in order to find out how grid performance is evaluated, and how the different storage technologies operate. The obtained literature comes from scientific reports, and papers, found by utilizing Mälardalens University library-database. A model representing a Swedish grid with a connection point to the distribution side was created. The model is taken from previous credited work, and customized to fit the operational parameters of a Swedish grid. It was decided that the key indicators for evaluating the state of a grid was to look at the: voltage- and frequency variations, load factor, capacity factor and the overall system efficiency. The simulation is a discrete time simulation that utilizes parameters indicative of one full day of data. The results showed that, from a technological standpoint, the supercapacitor performed better in more categories than the Li-ion battery and H2 fuel cell. However, the Li-ion battery reduced the peaks of the frequency measurements which is a key metric when deciding on grid health. Also, there is the added benefit of the battery and fuel cell of having a longer operational time before the state of charge is depleted. This increases the flexibility of the technology and could therefore be more beneficial in other applications where power supply is more scarce.
167

Development of novel ionic liquid electrolytes for metal oxide-based micro-supercapacitors

Shamsudeen Seenath, Jensheer 04 1900 (has links)
Thèse en cotutelle (avec l'Université Toulouse 3 - Paul Sabatier) en Science des matériaux et Electrochimie / Avec le développement des systèmes électroniques embarqués se pose la question de la miniaturisation des dispositifs de stockage d’énergie. De nos jours, cette fonction est principalement assurée par des micro-batteries. Ces composants possèdent cependant une faible puissance disponible, une durée de vie limitée et un domaine de fonctionnement en température restreint. Les “micro-supercondensateurs” sur puce permettraient de s’affranchir de ces limitations, mais ils ne sont aujourd’hui qu’au stade de la recherche universitaire avec des densités d’énergie bien inférieures à celles des micro-batteries. L’énergie et la puissance stockées dans un supercondensateur sont proportionnelles au carré de la fenêtre de potentiel, qui dépend elle-même de la stabilité électrochimique de l’électrolyte utilisé. L’électrolyte joue ainsi un rôle prépondérant sur les propriétés des supercondensateurs (tension, gamme de température, courant de fuite, durée de vie…). Cette thèse vise à développer des liquides ioniques protiques et aprotiques dédiés aux micro-supercondensateurs pseudocapacitifs à base d'oxydes métalliques (RuO2, MnO2). Les électrolytes à base de liquides ioniques présentent des propriétés intéressantes, notamment une faible pression de vapeur saturante, une stabilité aux hautes températures, ainsi qu’une large fenêtre de potentiel. Ils contribuent ainsi à améliorer la densité d’énergie surfaciques, principal problème rencontré par les micro-supercondensateurs actuels. Les liquides ioniques étudiés ont été conçus sur la base de leurs structures et leurs propriétés physico-chimiques. Des caractérisations électrochimiques ont été réalisées avec des micro-supercondensateurs à base d’oxyde de ruthénium et d’oxyde de manganèse. De très bonnes performances ont été obtenus en utilisant des collecteurs de courant poreux à grande surface spécifique. Les électrolytes liquides constituant cependant un verrou technologique à la réalisation de micro-supercondensateurs fonctionnels compatible avec les procédés de microfabrication, des ionogels composés d’une matrice solide dans laquelle a été confinée le liquide ionique ont également été réalisés. / The rising growth of smart and autonomous microelectronic devices in the IoT (Internet of Things) era urges the development of advanced microscale energy sources with tailor-made features and customized energy/power requirements. Micro-supercapacitors (MSCs) emerged as potential energy storage devices complementing micro-batteries to power ubiquitous sensor networks needed to foster the development of IoT. However, the low cell voltage and low energy density remain major bottleneck that prevents their application at a large scale in real devices. To mitigate this issue, several studies have been devoted to the engineering of MSC electrode materials and structural architecting of current collectors to enhance the surface area and areal energy density by considering the limited available footprint area. This, however, has associated challenges such as a complex synthesis route, poor interfacial and mechanical stability of the electrode, and electrolyte compatibility issues, among others. Another key challenge to solve for reaching high energy density values in MSCs is the limited electrochemical stability window (ESW) of the electrolytes used as energy stored is directly related to the square of the cell voltage. The electrolytes play a major role in deciding the ESW and liquid-state electrolytes commonly used are troublesome for the microfabrication process due to leakage, evaporation, and safety issues. Therefore, it’s imperative to develop alternative electrolytes including solid-state electrolytes reconcilable to the target application of MSCs. This thesis aims at developing novel ionic-liquid (IL)-based electrolytes (both protic and aprotic) suitable for pseudocapacitive metal oxide (e.g., RuO2, MnO2)-based micro-supercapacitors (MSCs). IL-based electrolytes exhibit key properties including low vapor pressure, high temperature stability, low melting point, etc. with a wide ESW and help improve energy density performance, overcoming the major bottleneck faced by current MSCs. During this project, ILs are rationally designed based on their physicochemical properties. The detailed structure-property and electrochemical characterization studies were done using RuO2 and MnO2-based MSCs. We demonstrate state-of-the-art performance by developing high surface area porous current collectors with enhanced mass loading and solid-state devices using ionogel electrolytes, enabling their feasible integration with microelectronics to power connected IoT sensor networks.
168

Efficient Solar Energy Harvesting and Management for Wireless Sensor Networks under Varying Solar Irradiance Conditions

Gurung, Sanjaya 05 1900 (has links)
Although wireless sensor networks have been successfully used for environmental monitoring, one of the major challenges that this technology has been facing is supplying continuous and reliable electrical power during long-term field deployment. Batteries require repetitive visits to the deployment site to replace them once discharged; admittedly, they can be recharged from solar panels, but this only works in open areas where solar radiation is unrestricted. This dissertation introduces a novel approach to design and implement a reliable efficient solar energy harvester to continuously, and autonomously, provide power to wireless sensor nodes for long-term applications. The system uses supercapacitors charged by a solar panel and is designed to reduce power consumption to very low levels. Field tests were conducted for more than a year of continuous operation and under a variety of conditions, including areas under dense foliage. The resulting long-term field data demonstrates the feasibility and sustainability of the harvester system for challenging applications. In addition, we analyzed solar radiation data and supercapacitor charging behavior and showed that the harvester system can operate battery free, running on the power provided by supercapacitors. A battery is included only for backup in case the supercapacitor storage fails. The proposed approach provides continuous power supply to the system thereby significantly minimizing data loss by power failure and the frequency of visits to the deployment sites.
169

MULTIFUNCTIONAL METAL-FREE CARBON NANOMATERIALS FOR CLEAN ENERGY CONVERSION AND STORAGE APPLICATIONS

Chen, Xiaoyi 25 January 2022 (has links)
No description available.
170

Sizing Methodology and Life Improvement of Energy Storage Systems in Microgrids

Khasawneh, Hussam Jihad 19 May 2015 (has links)
No description available.

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