Supply chain disruptions are detrimental to the performance of companies due to the associated loss of profitability and reduced sustainability. In 2016, organizations lost at least $1.2 million in a single supply chain disruption. Guided by the contingency theory of fit, the purpose of this exploratory multiple case study was to explore the strategies agribusiness managers use to prevent and mitigate the effects of disruptions in the agro-food supply chains. A total of 5 purposefully-selected agribusiness managers from Harare, Zimbabwe participated in semistructured interviews. Participants were senior agribusiness managers who implemented successful strategies for preventing and mitigating the effects of disruptions in agro-food supply chains. Three themes emerged from the thematic analysis of interview data and review of organizational documents: collaboration among supply chain partners, business continuity management, and the use of a multiple supplier base. Agribusiness managers must first understand the sources of disruption risk, assess the impact of the risk, and then select an appropriate strategy based on the level of uncertainty and risk. By managing the risks effectively, managers can improve the performance and competitiveness of their businesses. The implications for positive social change may include a reduction in supply chain costs, provision of better services and products to consumers, and lower prices of agro-food products to consumers which could lead to an improvement in the lives of consumers.

Game theory and mechanism design have emerged as an important tool to model, analyze,and solve decentralized design problems involving multiple agents that interact strategically in a rational and intelligent way. Some examples of these design problems include: auctions and markets in electronic commerce; network economics; dynamic pricing; routing protocols in wireless networks; resource allocation in computational grids; algorithms for selfish agents;etc. The motivation for this doctoral work springs from the high level of current interest indesigning innovative mechanisms for solving emerging game theoretic problems in the area of electronic commerce. In this thesis, we focus on three such problems and advance the current art in mechanism design while developing new, innovative mechanisms to solve the problems. The first problem we explore is the highly strategic problem of forming a high value E-business supply chain by choosing the best mix of supply chain partners. In our research, we formulate the supply chain formation problem as a mechanism design problem in a generic wayand show that the well known VCG (Vickrey-Clarke-Groves) mechanisms provide an apt frame-work for solving this problem. We provide a compelling example of a three stage automotive distribution network to illustrate the power and e±cacy of the proposed methodology. The second problem we model and solve is that of designing a revenue maximizing sponsored search auction. This is a problem that is faced by every Internet search engine, such as Google,MSN, and Yahoo!, whenever it receives a search query. In our research, we take a comprehensivelook at existing auction mechanisms for this problem. Our work leads to an innovative new auction mechanism, which we call OPT (optimal mechanism), that exhibits a superior level ofperformance. The proposed mechanism extends, in a non-trivial way, the well known Myersonoptimal auction to the specific setting of sponsored search auctions. The proposed mechanism maximizes the revenue to the search engine and also satisfies two crucial properties, Bayesian incentive compatibility and interim individual rationality. The third contribution is in respect of Stackelberg problems, which are game theoretic problems that involve hierarchical and sequential decision making. By focusing attention on an important subclass of these problems, namely the Single-Leader-Rest-Followers (SLRF) problems, we extend all relevant aspects of classical mechanism design theory to the case of SLRF problems. We derive many important results in respect of procurement auctions with reserve prices using the developed theory. The research carried out as part of this doctoral work, we believe, advances the current art in mechanism design while developing innovative mechanisms to solve those problems.

No description available.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:50:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 4838.pdf: 2003441 bytes, checksum: 4cf744b7e6944f412ab80683dec07735 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-08-20 / This survey aims to investigate the inter-organizational relationships of a company that in a same industrial plant, concentrates its activities into two distinct markets: the automotive and white goods. Therefore, its purpose is to identify and detail how different requirements of different economic sectors, characterized by unequal positions in supply chain and by physical flows and quirky information, interfere in the organizational design of a company that operates directly in two chains. To meet this goal, there was the selection of up-and downstream links, that is, suppliers and customers of the automotive and white goods market. Soon, was set a case study involving four suppliers and six central enterprise customers. The empirical clipping adopted contemplated the construction of immediate central chain company by which flow all interorganizational relations selected. The comparative research of upstream and downstream relationships occurred through questionnaires that sought to identify and translate the central company interactions with selected organizations, as well as to clarify their form of simultaneous actions in the sectors of automotive, white goods and with support of the theories of supply chain, supply chain management and networks. In summary, the results of this research showed that the company central: (1) Gets cost advantages in its operations in the automotive and white goods segment, on the basis of complementarities; (2) presents an organizational design shaped by the way in which production is performed to company C (b) 1, for the different sectors, by his training and entry into the market, by productive restructuring processes occurring in the white line and automotive markets, for its strategic options and by its placement in the automotive supply chain and white line; (3) when you join at the first level of the automotive supply chain had access to a large number of challenges and opportunities that, if properly addressed, will configure itself in a growth, characterized by structural changes that will include a new dimensioning of your strategic business units in order to remodel your current organizational design, as well as their relationships with customers and suppliers. / Esta pesquisa tem por finalidade investigar as relações interorganizacionais de uma empresa que em uma mesma planta industrial, concentra sua atuação em dois mercados distintos: o de linha branca e o automotivo. Por conseguinte, seu propósito está em identificar e pormenorizar de que forma exigências distintas de setores econômicos diferentes, caracterizadas por posicionamentos desiguais na cadeia de suprimentos e por fluxos físicos e de informação peculiares, interferem no desenho organizacional de uma empresa que atua diretamente em duas cadeias produtivas. Para cumprir este objetivo, houve a seleção de elos à montante e à jusante, isto é, fornecedores e clientes do mercado de linha branca e automotivo. Logo, foi definido um estudo de caso que envolveu quatro fornecedores e seis clientes da empresa central. O recorte empírico adotado contemplou a construção da cadeia imediata à empresa central, pela qual fluem todas as relações interorganizacionais selecionadas. A investigação comparativa das relações à montante e à jusante ocorreu por meio de questionários que visaram identificar e traduzir as interações da empresa central com as organizações selecionadas, bem como esclarecer sua forma de atuação simultânea nos setores de linha branca e automotivo, com respaldo das teorias da cadeia de suprimentos, da gestão da cadeia de suprimentos e de redes. Em síntese, os resultados dessa pesquisa apontaram que a empresa central: (1) Obtém vantagens de custo em sua atuação no segmento de linha branca e automotiva, em função das complementaridades; (2) Apresenta um desenho organizacional moldado pela forma pela qual a produção é realizada para a empresa C(b)1, para os distintos setores, por seu histórico de formação e ingresso no mercado, pelos processos de reestruturação produtiva ocorridos nos mercados de linha branca e automotivo, por suas opções estratégicas e por seu posicionamento na cadeia automotiva e de linha branca; (3) Ao ingressar no primeiro nível de fornecimento da cadeia automotiva teve acesso a um grande número de desafios e oportunidades que, se devidamente superados, configurar-se-ão em um crescimento, caracterizado por mudanças estruturais que incluirão um novo dimensionamento de suas unidades estratégicas de negócios, de modo a remodelar seu atual desenho organizacional, bem como seus relacionamentos com clientes e fornecedores.

O cenário atual dos sistemas alimentares mostra uma tendência generalizada ao alongamento das cadeias agroalimentares e à concentração dos setores de distribuição. No entanto, multiplicam-se experiências locais que propõem formas alternativas de distribuir e consumir alimentos, reconhecendo o papel da agricultura familiar no desenvolvimento de sistemas alimentares mais sustentáveis. Estas iniciativas, sejam elas oriundas da sociedade civil ou reguladas por políticas públicas, promovem a redução da distância tanto geográfica quanto relacional entre produtores e consumidores. A noção de circuito curto de comercialização instiga reflexões sobre as diferentes dimensões da proximidade e a relocalização do abastecimento alimentar. Entende-se por circuito curto as modalidades de comercialização nas quais há, no máximo, um intermediário entre o produtor e o consumidor final. Nosso estudo procurou focalizar em alguns aspectos relativos à inserção de agricultores familiares em circuitos curtos de comercialização, examinando a experiência de cinco grupos de agricultores no estado de São Paulo, nas regiões de Piracicaba e do Pontal do Paranapanema. Diferentes modalidades de circuito curto compõem o espectro da pesquisa: venda direta no sítio, venda ambulante, feira livre, feira do produtor, varejão municipal, grupos de consumidores organizados e os mercados institucionais regulados pelo Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar (PNAE) e pelo Programa de Aquisição de Alimentos (PAA). O objetivo foi entender quais são os arranjos desenvolvidos pelos agricultores em termos de sistema agrícola, de organização do trabalho e de relações sociais. O levantamento dos dados fundou-se em revisões bibliográficas, realização de observações participantes e entrevistas semi-dirigidas com agricultores inseridos em circuitos curtos. Em primeiro lugar, tratou-se de caracterizar o funcionamento dos diversos circuitos curtos estudados, para poder em seguida evidenciar as estratégias que os agricultores desenvolvem. A pesquisa mostrou que a busca por uma diversidade de alimentos comercializados não se traduz necessariamente por uma diversidade dentro dos agroecossistemas. Identificamos três estratégias adotadas pelos agricultores: a diversificação dentro dos sistemas agrícolas, a revenda de produtos de terceiros e o processamento de alimentos. Além disto, a inserção em circuitos curtos supõe que o agricultor assuma uma série de funções e domine uma série de competências que não se restringem às atividades produtivas. O tempo de trabalho adicional da venda direta requer uma reorganização do trabalho, que se baseia muitas vezes na repartição das tarefas dentro da família agrícola ou de organizações coletivas de produtores. A diversidade das relações sociais tecidas entre os produtores, com os consumidores e com agentes para-agrícolas mostra que o acesso aos mercados, inclusive dos circuitos curtos, depende em grande medida de redes sociais sólidas. Por fim, os circuitos curtos não necessariamente promovem o fortalecimento e reconhecimento da agricultura familiar local quando não há diferenciação de seus produtos em relação àqueles advindos dos mercados atacadistas. Com efeito, nestes circulam mercadorias de todas as origens cujos preços nem sempre refletem as condições locais de produção. A informação e formação dos agentes sociais envolvidos (consumidores finais, gestores públicos e atores da sociedade civil) são fundamentais para garantir que os circuitos curtos de comercialização constituam de fato uma alternativa aos sistemas alimentares dominantes. / The current scenario of agri-food systems shows a general tendency to everlengthening food supply chain and concentration of distribution channels. However, local experiences are spreading, offering alternative ways to distribute and consume food, recognizing the role of family farming in developing more sustainable food systems. These initiatives, whether coming from civil society or regulated by public policies, aim at reducing geographical and relational distance between producers and consumers. The notion of short food supply chains stirs reflection on the different dimensions of proximity and on the relocalization of food supply. Short food supply chains are understood to be marketing arrangements in which there is, at most, one intermediary between the producer and the final consumer. Our study focuses on certain aspects of the inclusion of family farmers in short marketing channels, looking at the experience of five groups of farmers in the São Paulo State, in the region of Piracicaba and Pontal do Paranapanema. Different types of short food supply chains compose the spectrum of this research: direct selling, street markets, farmers markets, regulated street markets, organized groups of consumers and institutional markets regulated by the National School Feeding Program (PNAE) and the Food Acquisition Program (PAA). The objective was to understand the arrangements developed by farmers in terms of agricultural system, work organization and social relations. Data collection was based on literature reviews, participant observations and semi-structured interviews with farmers involved. The functioning of the various short marketing channels was characterized in order to highlight the strategies developed by the farmers. Our research showed that the need for a diverse array of products does not necessarily lead to diversity within agroecosystems. Three strategies were identified: diversifying the farming system, resale of products and food processing. Furthermore, when taking part in short food supply chains, farmers undertake a number of functions and masters a set of skills that are not restricted to productive activity. The additional working time caused by direct selling requires reorganizing the work force, which often leads to division of tasks within the family or within collective producer organizations. The diversity of social relations woven between producers, with consumers and with local agents of agriculture-related organizations, shows that access to markets, including short marketing channels, depends largely on strong social networks. As a conclusion, short food supply chains do not necessarily contribute to the strengthening and recognition of local family farming when there is no differentiation of their products, in relation to those coming from wholesale markets. Indeed, the goods that circulate through wholesale markets come are from unknown origin and their prices do not always reflect the local conditions of production. The information and training of social agents involved (final consumers, public servants and civil society actors) are essential to ensure that short food supply chains constitute indeed an alternative to dominant food systems.

Submitted by Paulo Itapura de Miranda (paulo.itapura@uol.com.br) on 2018-09-13T11:04:56Z No. of bitstreams: 1 20180913MIRANDA, P I_Pesquisa-Acao_Intervencao_Ind_Quim_Cadeia_Mineracao.pdf: 3522615 bytes, checksum: 05564e2c41b299de74dba3426ed0ebe3 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Simone de Andrade Lopes Pires (simone.lopes@fgv.br) on 2018-09-13T20:02:23Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 20180913MIRANDA, P I_Pesquisa-Acao_Intervencao_Ind_Quim_Cadeia_Mineracao.pdf: 3522615 bytes, checksum: 05564e2c41b299de74dba3426ed0ebe3 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Suzane Guimarães (suzane.guimaraes@fgv.br) on 2018-09-14T12:51:27Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 20180913MIRANDA, P I_Pesquisa-Acao_Intervencao_Ind_Quim_Cadeia_Mineracao.pdf: 3522615 bytes, checksum: 05564e2c41b299de74dba3426ed0ebe3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-14T12:51:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 20180913MIRANDA, P I_Pesquisa-Acao_Intervencao_Ind_Quim_Cadeia_Mineracao.pdf: 3522615 bytes, checksum: 05564e2c41b299de74dba3426ed0ebe3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-08-13 / A mineração de metais é uma atividade com elevado potencial de impacto socioambiental. Com a ocorrência de incidentes com grandes repercussões, como o que aconteceu em Mariana (MG), em novembro de 2015, com o rompimento da barragem de rejeitos de Fundão, as notícias sobre as mineradoras e seus impactos passaram a ser ainda mais visíveis ao público em geral, pela ampla cobertura dos meios de comunicação e pelas sérias repercussões em um grande número de comunidades, em pelo menos dois estados da federação. Dentro desse cenário, este estudo busca analisar a cadeia de suprimentos da mineração sob a perspectiva de uma empresa fornecedora de insumos químicos, buscando identificar como as inovações socioambientais são incorporadas por esta cadeia, fazendo-se uso da metodologia de pesquisa-ação, que possibilita ao pesquisador trabalhar como agente e observador, já que é funcionário de empresa fornecedora de insumos químicos para esse mercado, e realizar intervenção em caso específico. O ambiente de diálogo da intervenção permitiu a criação conjunta de conhecimento, aprofundou o entendimento sobre a cadeia de suprimentos de mineração e sobre as potencialidades do método de pesquisa-ação. Ao longo deste trabalho de pesquisa foi possível fazer observações sobre os mecanismos de incorporação de inovações socioambientais ao mesmo tempo em que foram buscadas formas de aprimoramento da competitividade da empresa fornecedora com produtos e um racional comerciais aprimorados conforme os achados do estudo. A pesquisa mostrou que o mercado de mineração industrial de metais mostra receptividade às inovações socioambientais, tenham sido elas demandadas pelas indústrias mineradoras, propostas pelos fornecedores ou ainda desenvolvidas de forma colaborativa entre elas. A intervenção na empresa (ação) proporcionou à fornecedora ferramentas corporativas para melhora do repertório de atributos socioambientais, utilizado pelas equipes comerciais, e suas formas de utilização quando das negociações com clientes. Um exemplo de aplicação da intervenção serviu para demonstrar que a valoração econômico-financeira dos atributos socioambientais é fator importante de sucesso na melhoria de competitividade da fornecedora. / The mining of metals is an activity with high potential of social and environmental impact. Mining of metals sector suffered from the occurrence of incidents with major repercussions, such as what happened in Mariana (MG) in November 2015, with the rupture of the Fundão tailings dam. The news about the mining companies and their impacts became even more visible to the public in general, by the wide coverage of the media and the serious repercussions in a large number of communities in at least two states of the federation. Within this scenario, this study seeks to analyze the mining supply chain from the perspective of a supplier of chemical inputs, seeking to identify how this chain incorporates social-environmental innovations. The present study makes use of the methodology of action research, which enables to the researcher to work as an agent and observer, since he is an employee of a company that supplies chemical inputs for this market, and to intervene in a specific case. The atmosphere of dialogue of the intervention allowed the joint creation of knowledge deepening the understanding about the supply chain of mining and about the potentialities of the method of action research. Throughout this research work, it was possible to make observations on the mechanisms of incorporation of socio-environmental innovations while seeking ways to improve the competitiveness of the supplier company with improved products and rationales as the study finds. The research showed that the market of industrial metal mining shows receptivity to socio-environmental innovations, whether they were demanded by the mining industries, proposed by suppliers or even developed in a collaborative way among them. The intervention in the company (action) provided the supplier with corporate tools to improve the repertoire of socio-environmental attributes used by commercial teams and their use when negotiating with customers. An example of application of the intervention served to demonstrate that the economic-financial valuation of socio-environmental attributes is an important factor of success in improving the supplier's competitiveness.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T18:34:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Jorge A Gutierre Pona.pdf: 1723979 bytes, checksum: d96a5a71c509394b21888452026c6b14 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-20 / This research studies and assesses the milk supply chain network in Umuarama PR to find out whether the relationship amongst its members ensures collective assets and winning edges for growers. It also charts the system, value and business networks of such supply chain to elucidate its members relationship to better understand the processes which might result in discussions on local development. The topics approached in this literature review are agribusiness and its historical and theoretical basis; the agribusiness supply chains and what influences its strategies and development; the milk supply chain in Brazil, in Paraná and in the city of Umuarama the constituents and the structure of such chain in the nation; the networks, since the social concepts of its origins, a brief explanation on this complex organization as a model of governance and analysis, finishing with a short review on the approach of simultaneous networks. The methodology used was exploratory. Questionnaires were given to the members of this supply chain to ensure the characterization of the relationship amongst them and to present an analysis of the measurements of the networks by using the software UCINET and its charts. On the Discussion, members were mapped according to their participation in the network simultaneously, and the analysis of the relationship in three different dimensions was conducted. It was found out that the milk chain supply in this city is diffuse and there are a few stable relationships, without central coordination. Such chain presented no relationship with the definite governance and distribution of power and significant relationships of transaction cost. Despite of having no governance relationship resulting in the coordination of collective agents, three agents were identified as targets of significant relationships and it is suggested that actions to sectorial development in the municipality to be carried out with their support. / Esta pesquisa teve por objetivo estudar e avaliar os relacionamentos em rede da cadeia produtiva do leite no município de Umuarama-PR, buscando avaliar se o relacionamento entre os agentes integrantes dessa cadeia ocorre de modo a possibilitar ganhos coletivos e vantagens competitivas para os produtores de leite do município. Objetivou ainda mapear a rede física, a rede de valor e a rede de negócios da cadeia produtiva em questão, tentando elucidar o relacionamento dos agentes participantes dessas redes, para melhor compreender os processos que podem levar a debates sobre o desenvolvimento local. Os temas abordados na revisão bibliográfica são o agronegócio e suas bases históricas e teóricas; as cadeias produtivas agroindustriais e os fatores que influenciam em suas estratégias e em seu desempenho; a cadeia produtiva do leite no Brasil, no Paraná e no município de Umuarama, apresentando os agentes integrantes e a estrutura desta cadeia na nação; as redes, desde as concepções sociológicas de suas origens, uma breve apresentação desta forma organizacional complexa como modelo de governança e de análise finalizando com uma breve revisão sobre a abordagem das redes simultâneas. A metodologia utilizada na pesquisa é de natureza mista, ou seja, qualitativa e quantitativa, e por seus objetivos classificou-se como exploratória. Foram aplicados questionários com os agentes da cadeia produtiva de modo a possibilitar a caracterização dos relacionamentos existentes entre os mesmos, e apresentar as análises das medidas de redes com a utilização do software UCINET, e os esquemas gráficos das redes. Nas discussões dos resultados, os agentes foram mapeados de acordo com sua participação nas redes simultâneas, e as análises dos relacionamentos em três dimensões distintas foram realizadas, constatou-se que a cadeia produtiva do leite no município em questão, se configura como difusa, e que há poucos relacionamentos sólidos, sem coordenação central, a cadeia não apresentou relações de governança e distribuição de poder definidos, e com relações significativas de custos de transação. Apesar de não haver relação de governança que reflita em coordenação de ações coletivas, três agentes foram identificados como alvos de relações significativas, e sugere-se que as ações para o desenvolvimento setorial no município sejam realizadas com o apoio desses agentes.

Dans un contexte de foisonnement des circuits courts de proximité, les enjeux de qualité invitent à déplacer la focale géographique, de produits spécifiques caractérisés par leur origine vers des produits ordinaires caractérisés par leur provenance. Se pose alors la question des modalités d’attachement de ces produits ordinaires aux milieux géographiques. À la fois aliments du quotidien et éléments de matériel végétal communs, les pommes et les pommes de terre permettent d’aborder les enjeux de reconnexion entre agriculture et alimentation autour de la notion de système agri-alimentaire territorial. Sur trois espaces de moyenne montagne – en France (Ardèche, Bauges) et en Italie (Ligurie) – cette thèse propose une analyse des trajectoires de dix collectifs passant par des phases de controverses qui les conduisent à se tourner vers des dispositifs de qualification plus souples que les indications géographiques. Conservant des logiques d’enracinement inspirées d’une rhétorique du terroir, ils ne versent pas pour autant dans le modèle des circuits courts de proximité, et maintiennent pour la plupart la question variétale au cœur de leurs préoccupations. La thèse montre que cette dernière ne peut être traitée à l’échelle des territoires qu’à condition d’envisager la production alimentaire de manière intégrée, c’est-à-dire en impliquant une diversité d’acteurs, capables de concevoir dans un même mouvement différentes étapes de qualification, de la gestion du matériel végétal à la consommation des aliments. L’émergence et la viabilisation de tels systèmes agri-alimentaires territoriaux ouvrent des débats politiques, et posent la question des modalités de l’action publique pour favoriser de tels dispositifs, dont on observe qu’ils tiennent principalement à des figures individuelles et à des lieux de médiation. / In a context of proliferation of short supply chains, issues of quality invite a shift in geographical focus, moving from specific products characterized by their origin to ordinary products characterized by their provenance. This shift raises the question of the modalities of attachment that these common products have to geographical areas. Everyday foods and common plant materials such as apples and potatoes allow for particular discussion around the issues concerning the reconnection of agriculture and food, specifically around the concept of territorial agri-food systems. Looking at three medium mountain areas - in France (Ardèche, Bauges) and Italy (Liguria) - this thesis proposes an analysis of the trajectories of ten different food collectives through the varying phases of controversy that are driving them towards qualification devices which are more flexible than purely geographical indications. Maintaining the logic of 'rooting', inspired by a territorial rhetoric, the collectives do not fall into the short supply chains model, and maintain, for the most part, the varietal question at the heart of their concerns. This thesis shows that this varietal question can only be treated at the territorial level if we consider the production of food as integrated. That is to say, involving a variety of stakeholders, capable of designing various stages of qualification in the same movement, from plant material management to food consumption. The emergence and realizable qualities of these territorial agri-food systems incite political debate, and raise the question of the public action modalities to promote these devices, which we notice are mainly due to individuals and places of mediation.

Le modèle de production, consommation et distribution agro-industriel fait l’objet depuis les années 1970 de critiques portant sur son impact environnemental, économique et sociétal. En réponse à ces critiques, s'est développé depuis les années 60 au Japon, 80 aux États- Unis, et plus récemment en France, une diversité d’initiatives et d’expérimentations socio-économiques visant à soutenir une agriculture plus respectueuse de l’homme et de la planète, basée sur de nouvelles formes d’organisation et orientée vers des échange économiques plus justes. Ces initiatives, qualifiées de systèmes agro-alimentaires alternatifs, associent de manière variée des modes production respectueux de la planète (agriculture raisonnée et biologique, agro-écologie, permaculture. Ils s’appuient par ailleurs sur des formes organisationnelles ancrées dans des dynamiques d’économie sociale et solidaire : Amaps, circuits-courts, coopératives, initiatives de commerce équitable local. Ils développent ainsi des modèles de gouvernance et d'organisation qui reconsidèrent les finalités et les modalités de l’activité économique et sont animés par une volonté de s’engager dans une « autre économie ». La question de la justice dans l’échange, incarnée par la cherche d'un prix juste, est centrale pour ces initiatives.Dans ce contexte, la thèse propose d’analyser la construction d’un prix juste au sein d’un système agro-alimentaire alternatif, engagé dans une démarche de commerce équitable local et s’appuyant sur une forme organisationnelle innovante. Il s’appuie sur le suivi, pendant trois ans, de la Société Coopérative d’Intérêt Collectif Alter-Conso, engagée dans la distribution hebdomadaire de paniers issus de l’agriculture biologique, locale et paysanne dans 14 lieux de distribution de l’agglomération lyonnaise. Cette SCIC se caractérise par un projet d’entreprise orienté vers une transformation des modes de production et de consommation alimentaire, et s'appuie sur une démarche ancrée dans les principes et valeurs coopératives. Elle réunit autour d'un même projet quatre catégories d'acteurs : salariés, producteurs, consommateurs, et sympathisants. Au sein de la coopérative, l’activité marchande est le support d’un projet avant tout sociétal et politique, orienté vers une transformation des pratiques agricoles et des modalités de gestion de l’activité économique. La thèse propose d’analyser comment les acteurs de la coopérative construisent un prix juste, au regard du projet d’entreprise et de ses modalités d’organisation.La thèse permet de montrer que la construction du prix juste au sein de cette organisation reflète une exigence de justice à la fois procédurale, commutative, et distributive. Ce travail met par ailleurs en évidence un processus de fixation du prix alternatif au prix de marché, et qui incarne les spécificités d’une organisation coopérative à finalité sociale. La construction du prix juste intègre par les finalités et les valeurs de la coopérative, à la fois dans les critères de définition et dans le choix des procédures de fixation du prix. Le prix juste est ainsi construit sur la base d’une discussion et indépendamment des variations de l’offre et de la demande. Il est défini sur la base d’une relation tripartite, durable et compréhensive entre producteurs, salariés et consommateurs de la coopérative, caractérisée par une reconnaissance des besoins réciproques des acteurs concernés par l'échange. / The industrial model of food production, consumption and distribution has been criticised since the seventies in reference to its environmental, social and economical impacts. These critics led to the emergence of a diversity of socio-economic initiatives, engaged in the promotion of a model of agriculture that is more respectful of the planet and its inhabitants, based on new organizational forms and oriented towards fair economic exchange. These alternative food systems refer to a diversity of production methods, including responsible and organic farming, agroecology, permaculture. Alternative food systems generally rely on organisations engaged in a social or solidarity economy : Community supported agriculture, short food supply channels, cooperatives, local fair trade. They reconsider the purpose and terms of economic activity and are driven by a desire to engage in an alternative economy. The question of fairness in exchange, embodied by the will to define a fair price, is of central matter for these initiatives.In this context, this thesis aims at analysing the construction of a fair price within an alternative food system. This system is engaged in a dynamic of local fair trade, and is based on an innovative organizational form. An empirical study has been conducted during three years within the cooperative Alter-Conso. This social cooperative proposes a weekly distribution of local and organic food products, in 14 delivery points in and around the city of Lyon. It puts forward the values and principle of a social and solidarity economy, and brings together into cooperation four categories of members : employees, producers, consumers, supporters. In this sense, economic activity aims primarily at achieving a social and political goal, oriented towards a transformation of agricultural practices and questioning the dominant management practices of economic life. The thesis aims at analysing how the members of the cooperative construct a fair price, considering its social project and its organizational form.The thesis shows that the construction of a fair price articulates three forms of justice : distributive , commutative, and procedural. It shows how the cooperative defines a price definition process that is an alternative to the market price. Indeed, the price construction takes into account the values and social goals of the cooperative, both in the criteria that define a fair price and in the price fixation process. The price construction is based on a discussion among the cooperative’s stakeholders, regardless of the variations of supply and demand. It is constructed on the basis of a lasting, comprehensive and tripartite relationship between the producers, the consumers, and the cooperative employees. The relationship is based on reciprocity and on the recognition of the needs of all the people affected by the exchange.

El presente trabajo de investigación se enfoca en diseñar un modelo logístico integrado aplicando herramientas de caracterización de procesos para mejorar la productividad de los fundos productores de jengibre de Pichanaqui en la Provincia de Chanchamayo, Perú. El proyecto contempla 4 capítulos. En el primero se describe el estado del arte y el marco teórico correspondiente a la revisión literaria sobre la importancia del sector MYPE, así como la mejora de este mismo sector mediante el incremento de la productividad dada tras el empleo de herramientas de caracterización de procesos. El segundo capítulo describe la situación actual del sector agrícola de acuerdo a la revisión literaria, así como también la situación de los fundos productores de jengibre de acuerdo a información recabada mediante trabajo de campo. En capítulo 3 se describe el diseño de nuestra propuesta basada en un sistema básico de gestión por procesos, también se propone el diseño del proceso de logística, en el que se consideran los problemas relacionados a esta deficiente gestión. Finalmente, en el capítulo 4 se expone el alcance de esta validación y se incluye la puesta a prueba de lo mencionado teóricamente mediante la implementación de un plan piloto en la Empresa Hamillton Farm Perú S.A.C, que forma parte de los diez fundos en estudio de la ciudad de Pichanaqui. / This research focuses on designing an integrated logistics model applying process characterization tools to improve the productivity of the Pichanaqui ginger-producing farms in Chanchamayo, Peru. The project includes 4 chapters. The first describes the theoretical framework corresponding to the literary review on the importance of the small and micro-enterprises (SMES), as well as the improvement of this same sector by increasing the productivity given after the use of process characterization tools. The second chapter describes the current situation of the agricultural sector according to the literary review, as well as the situation of the ginger-producing farms according to information gathered through field work. Chapter 3 describes the design of our proposal based on a basic process management system, the design of the logistics process is also proposed, in which the problems related to this deficient management are considered. Finally, in chapter 4, the scope of this validation is exposed, and the testing is included through the implementation of a pilot plan in the Hamillton Farm Peru SAC Company, which is part of the ten farms under study of the city of Pichanaqui. / Tesis