In commercial book translation, the reader is the end-user of the translated text; it is for his or her benefit that the translation has been produced, and it is the reading public whose money ultimately goes towards paying the translator‘s wages. Nonetheless, in Translation Studies, far more attention has been paid to the processes of translation or the finished translation product (see Saldanha and O‘Brien 2013) than to the users of such products, with reader-based studies few and far between. For this reason, there is little empirical evidence that the 'effects' and 'meanings' discussed by scholars in analyses of translated texts have any meaningful existence in actual reading situations, while the opinions and preferences of readers with regards to translation are virtually unknown (Leppihalme 1997; Kruger 2013). The present thesis therefore takes a first step in examining the attitudes of non-professional readers (that is, readers who are reading for pleasure rather than for criticism or analytical purposes) to translated books. The project reports on members of book groups in four UK cities, whose thoughts and opinions regarding translated texts, the act of translation and the role of translators were gathered using a written questionnaire and a series of interviews. Thus, the study combines a Descriptive Translation Studies approach with survey research. The results of this survey suggest that many readers have limited knowledge about what translation involves, as well as a certain ambivalence towards the finer details of the translation process. In addition, although they reveal a vigorous interest in considering and discussing linguistic, cultural and translation-related issues, readers‘ primary concern when presented with a text, whether translated or not, is the immediate reading experience. It is hoped that these findings will be useful in informing future approaches to the creation and dissemination of translated books to the British reading public.

<p>Skadliga nivåer av stress och därtill relaterade sjukdomar är ett väl belagt fenomen bland amerikanska advokater. Dock fanns det ingen likartad forskning om svenska advokater, varför föreliggande studie syftade till en ökad förståelse av deras arbetsförhållanden och hälsoproblem. Detta för såväl den samlade gruppen svarande som för demografiska undergrupper. En enkätundersökning av Sveriges advokatsamfunds verksamma medlemmar (N=2318) visade bland annat att advokaterna låg relativt högt på emotionell utmattning och upplevd effektivitet, men närmare medel beträffande cynism enligt Maslachs Burnout Inventory – General Survey. En hierarkisk regressionsanalys visade att arbetsförhållandena (kvantitativ och kvalitativ arbetsbelastning, samt överengagemang) i högre grad än demografiska faktorer kunde predicera sömnkvalitet, emotionell utmattning och cynism bland svenska advokater. Sammantaget indikerade resultaten en arbetssituation med såväl påfrestningar som resurser i form av hög arbetstrivsel och upplevd effektivitet.</p>

Skadliga nivåer av stress och därtill relaterade sjukdomar är ett väl belagt fenomen bland amerikanska advokater. Dock fanns det ingen likartad forskning om svenska advokater, varför föreliggande studie syftade till en ökad förståelse av deras arbetsförhållanden och hälsoproblem. Detta för såväl den samlade gruppen svarande som för demografiska undergrupper. En enkätundersökning av Sveriges advokatsamfunds verksamma medlemmar (N=2318) visade bland annat att advokaterna låg relativt högt på emotionell utmattning och upplevd effektivitet, men närmare medel beträffande cynism enligt Maslachs Burnout Inventory – General Survey. En hierarkisk regressionsanalys visade att arbetsförhållandena (kvantitativ och kvalitativ arbetsbelastning, samt överengagemang) i högre grad än demografiska faktorer kunde predicera sömnkvalitet, emotionell utmattning och cynism bland svenska advokater. Sammantaget indikerade resultaten en arbetssituation med såväl påfrestningar som resurser i form av hög arbetstrivsel och upplevd effektivitet.

Bakgrund: Sjuksköterskestudenter behöver stöd i, och förberedelse för att vårda patienter iett Palliativt skede. Vård i livets slut är ett prioriterat område. Sjuksköterskestudenternasmöte med död och döende har beskrivits väcka känslor av rädsla och ångest. Vård i livetsslutskede har visat sig ha en liten plats inom sjuksköterskeutbildningen. Studiens författarevill därför belysa vikten av att sjuksköterskeutbildningen lägger mer vikt vid undervisningkring palliativ vård. Syfte: Syftet är att beskriva sjuksköterskestudenters uppfattning av attmöta patienter i ett palliativt skede. Metod: Studien använder sig av en kvalitativinnehållsanalys med en enkätundersökning där 75 sjuksköterskestudenter i från termin trebesvarade fyra påståenden i fritext. Resultat: Resultatet redovisas med två kategorier;Sjuksköterskestudenters kunskap och erfarenhet och att vara etisk korrekt genom att visaempati vid vård i livets slut. Utifrån kategorierna skapades underkategorier angåendesjuksköterskestudenternas uppfattning av att möta patienter i ett palliativt skede. Slutsats:Erfarenheter kan vara både positiva och negativa. Att kunna vårda svårt sjuka och döendepatienter är något som förväntas av sjuksköterskor oavsett arbetsplats. Det har i ett flertalstudier påvisats att sjuksköterskestudenter behöver stöd för att kunna vårda patienter i ettpalliativt skede då det kan väcka starka känslor hos sjuksköterskestudenten. / Background: Nursing students need the support to be prepared to nurture patients in apalliative stage. End-of-life care is a demanding area. The student's encounter with death anddying has been described as causing feelings of fear and anxiety. Care at the end of life hasbeen shown to have been a small part of nursing education. The author of this study,therefore, wishes to highlight the importance of nursing education putting more emphasis onteaching about palliative care. Purpose: The purpose is to describe nursing students'perception of meeting patients in a palliative stage. Methodology: The study uses aqualitative content analysis with questionnaire survey in which 75 students from the thirdterm can answer four statements in free text. Result: The results is presented with twocategories; Nursing students knowledge and experience lead to a profession and beingethically correct by showing empathy for care at the end of life. Based on the categories,subcategories were created that describe in more detail the students' perception of meetingpatients in a palliative stage. Conclusion: The experiences can be both positive and negative.Being able to care for severely ill and dying patients is something that is expected of nursesregardless of the workplace. It has been demonstrated in a number of studies that nursingstudents need support in order to care for the patients in a palliative phase as it can bringstrong feelings to the student.

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AIMS: This study investigated the perception of generic and disease-specific Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) for adults living with hearing impairment (HI) in Aotearoa/New Zealand (NZ). This study aimed to answer three questions: (1) What is the perception of HRQoL amongst adults with hearing impairment in NZ? (2) How do these perceptions compare to adults with HI living in other countries for which we have data? (3) What are the demographic and audiometric variables related to device ownership? METHOD: HRQoL, demographic, and audiometric information was collected from 126 adults in NZ. The following demographic information was collected: age, relationship length, hours worked per week, income, ancestry, sex, level of education, city size, and sexual orientation. The following audiologic information was also collected: ownership of hearing aids (HA), ownership of hearing assistance technology (HAT), better-ear pure-tone average (BEPTA), worse-ear pure-tone average (WEPTA), and signal-to-noise ratio loss (SNR loss). HRQoL information was collected using the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36; Ware & Sherbourne, 1992), and the Hearing Handicap Inventory (HHI) for both elderly (HHIE) and adults (HHIA; Ventry & Weinstein, 1982; Newman, Weinstein, Jacobson, & Hug, 1991). Variables discriminating HA and HAT owners from non-owners were also analysed. RESULTS: The relationship between demographic variables and HRQoL scores revealed that only age and income were significant. Audiometric variables had significant relationships with disease-specific HRQoL scores, as well as HA and HAT ownership. Finally, disease-specific HRQoL scores and all audiometric variables differentiated HA owners from non- owners, but demographic variables did not. Generic HRQoL scores and all audiometric variables differentiated HAT owners from non-owners. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the negative impacts of HI on HRQoL as reported overseas are also present in NZ, and that not only do audiometric variables including SNR loss are related to HRQoL, but HRQoL is a significant predictor for HA and HAT ownership. Further QoL research is warranted amongst the HI population in NZ to identify and understand any causal relationships present amongst these variables. Furthermore, HRQoL instruments and a test of speech understanding in noise have been shown to provide additional meaningful information, and therefore clinicians might consider including them during consultation.