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Suicide has existed throughout recorded history. It is a phenomenon that has been both culturally and morally defined across time and civilizations. It is estimated that over 34,000 Americans deliberately take their own lives annually. Moreover, according to some experts, between 6 and 28 individuals are directly affected by each completed suicide. These individuals are referred to as suicide survivors. The consequences for suicide survivors are multidimensional in part because relationships to the deceased play a vital role in bereavement. Previous research studies in the areas of suicidology and bereavement have failed to explore the experience of mothers bereaved by the suicide death of a child. The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore phenomenologically the lived experience of mothers following the suicide death of a child. One-on-one, semistructured interviews were conducted with 9 mothers. The time since the suicide ranged from 1 year and 3 months to 21 years and 6 months. Data analysis was driven by Max van Manen's descriptive-investigative process. This process involved guided reflections using van Manen's 4 existentials: spatiality, corporeality, temporality, and relationality. The interviews began with a general statement; 'Tell me about your child." General questions related to the existentials were asked during the interviews to clarify the participants' stories. Data were managed using NVivo 9.0 qualitative data management software. Three essential themes were inductively derived from the data: 1) Know My Child: Not the Act, 2) Frozen Past: Altered Future, 3) Ocean of Grief. The 3 essential themes provide a deeper understanding of the role of stigmatization in the grief process of mothers following the loss of a child to suicide. In addition, these themes contribute to an appreciation of the role of past memories and future orientation as mothers are enmeshed in the grief process and its unpredictable path. Data from this study clarify the unique circumstances and needs of mothers as they attempt to navigate life after losing a child to suicide. The findings from this study suggest areas for future research and will assist healthcare professionals including nurses, school counselors, and mental health professionals as they approach mothers who are suicide survivors.

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Physical activity (PA) has numerous benefits for cancer survivors, but limited research exists on PA interventions in young adult cancer survivors. Outdoor adventure therapy is a potential method of increasing PA in this demographic. The primary purpose of this non-randomized parallel group study was to determine whether the outdoor adventure camp experience (vs. wait list control) would increase participants’ PA levels immediately following the 7-day camp, as well as three months later. Secondary aims examined correlates of greater PA, including pre-post camp changes in sedentary behavior, exercise self-efficacy, environmental change self-efficacy, perceived barriers to exercise, physical activity enjoyment, and physical activity variety. Sixty-six control and 50 intervention participants were given validated quantitative questionnaires at baseline, 1 week (end of camp) and at the 3-month follow-up. Repeated measures multivariate analysis of variance (RMANOVA) was used to compare group changes over time. Using intent to treat analysis, adjusting for age, gender, age at diagnosis, and baseline minutes of PA per week, there was a significant difference (p=.0001) in minutes of PA per week between groups at both 1 week and 3 months. Bonferroni adjusted post-hoc analysis indicated that, relative to baseline, the intervention group had significantly (p=.0001) greater increases in PA at both 1 week (577 minutes vs. 9 minute increases) and 3 month follow-ups (133 minute increases vs. 75 minute decreases; p=.001) respectively. Significant intervention-related improvements were also observed in TV viewing hours/week (p=.001), hours sitting/week (p=.001), “Excuses” score of the Perceived Barriers to PA questionnaire (p=.04), Enjoyment of Structured Activities (p=.04), and PA Variety (p=.0001) at 1 week but not at the 3 month follow-up. No significant effects were observed for changes in exercise self-efficacy, environmental change self-efficacy, or the other subscales scores. In conclusion, outdoor adventure therapy has the potential to increase PA levels in cancer survivors both immediately following camp, as well as long-term. However, effects tend to wane after camp termination. Future research should explore the relationship between correlates of PA and PA levels in outdoor adventure therapy camp participants and methods to promote sustained PA after camp termination.

Heavy alcohol use is associated with a range of negative health outcomes, and some individuals who experience traumatic events, such as sexual assault, use alcohol to cope with mental health symptoms following the trauma. This study explored the association between alcohol variables and physical health in collegiate women who experienced a sexual assault. As part of a larger study, a sample of 250 collegiate women who experienced a sexual assault since the age of 14 completed an online questionnaire that included questions about alcohol use (frequency, quantity, and frequency of binge drinking), motives for alcohol use, and physical health. Correlations among study variables were computed to examine the associations between alcohol variables and physical health. Only drinking to cope with negative emotions showed a significant association with physical health, indicating that among collegiate women who experienced a sexual assault, those who frequently use alcohol as a coping mechanism more often report poorer physical health. This finding aligns with prior research on drinking motives and may suggest that identifying alternative coping strategies may be important for some sexual assault survivors. Contrary to expectations, other alcohol variables (i.e., frequency, quantity, binge drinking, and other drinking motives) were not significantly correlated with physical health.

Bakgrund: Hjärtstopp är en allvarlig händelse och det drabbar tusentals människor varje år. Hjärtstopp kan triggas av hjärt-kärlsjukdomar eller andra utlösande faktorer. Oavsett ursprung kräver ett hjärtstopp en snabb återställning av hjärtrytmen och cirkulationen genom hjärt-lungräddning. Sjuksköterskor spelar en central roll i att stödja hjärtstoppöverlevare och kräver specialiserad utbildning och medvetenhet om patienternas upplevelser. Syfte: Syftet var att belysa patienters upplevelser av att ha överlevt ett plötsligt hjärtstopp. Metod: En litteraturöversikt genomfördes där tio kvalitativa vetenskapliga artiklar från databaserna Cinahl och Pubmed analyserades genom att använda sökorden heart arrest,sudden cardiac arrest, experience, peception ,survivor, survivors, survivorship. Analysen genomfördes med hjälp av Fribergs metodbeskrivning. Resultat: Studiens resultat lyfte fram fyra centrala teman som påverkade patienter som har överlevt ett hjärtstopp. Dessa är upplevelser av förändring med underteman fysiska upplevelser samt kognitiva upplevelser som visade sig som ett hinder för patienterna. Psykologiska upplevelser som framträdde efter hjärtstoppet och var särskilt påtagliga efter att patienterna hade kommit hem. Identitetsomvandling grundad i existentiella upplevelser som framkom hos patienterna efter hjärtstoppet. Upplevelser av stöd med underteman stöd från familj samt stöd från sjukvård som påvisade vikten av stöd, både från sjukvården och familjen och det var en avgörande faktor för patienterna. Slutsats: Personer som överlever ett plötsligt hjärtstopp går igenom flera olika transitioner. De upplever djupa fysiska och emotionella förändringar som förändrar deras liv. Genom att förstå patienternas upplevelser kan sjuksköterskor ge en personcentrerad vård och skapa en mer skräddarsydd eftervård samt minska deras lidande, vilket gynnar både individerna och samhället som helhet. Det är viktigt att hantera den komplexa övergången efter hjärtstopp på ett effektivt sätt. / Background: Cardiac arrest is a serious event that affects thousands of people every year. Cardiac arrest can be triggered by cardiovascular diseases or other contributing factors. Regardless of the cause, cardiac arrest necessitates prompt restoration of heart rhythm and circulation through cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Nurses play a pivotal role in supporting cardiac arrest survivors and require specialized training and awareness of patients' experiences. Aim: The aim was to describe patients experiences of have survived a sudden cardiac arrest. Method: A literature review of ten qualitative scientific articles was derived from the databases Cinahl and PubMed, using the search terms heart arrest,sudden cardiac arrest, experience, peception ,survivor, survivors, survivorship. Data analysis was performed following Friberg's methodology. Results: The study's results highlighted four central themes that affected patients who had survived a cardiac arrest. These included experiences of change with subthemes of physical experiences and cognitive experiences that acted as barriers for the patients. Psychological experiences that emerged after the cardiac arrest and were particularly evident after patients returned home. Identity transformation based on existential experiences that became apparent in the participants after the cardiac arrest. Experiences support, with subthemes of support from family and support from healthcare that emphasized the importance of support from both healthcare system and family, as a crucial factor for the patients. Conclusions: Individuals who survive a sudden cardiac arrest go through several transitions. They experience profound physical and emotional changes that alter their lives. By understanding patients' experiences, nurses can provide person-centered care, create more personalized post-care and reduce their suffering, benefiting both individuals and society as a whole. It is essential to effectively manage the complex transition after a cardiac arrest.

Bakgrund: Bröstcancer är den vanligaste cancerformen hos kvinnor och patientgruppen bröstcanceröverlevare blir allt större till följd av moderna forskningsframsteg. Då fler kvinnor får chansen att leva ett långt liv efter sin diagnos har livskvalitet blivit ett centralt begrepp och en bibehållen livskvalitet har blivit ett viktigt mål. Forskning har visat att livskvaliteten kan påverkas av att ha överlevt bröstcancer och sjuksköterskor uttrycker svårigheter att tillgodose patientgruppens behov efter avslutad behandling. Syfte: Syftet med litteraturöversikten var att beskriva kvinnors upplevelser av livskvalitet efter att ha överlevt bröstcancer. Metod: En litteraturöversikt med deskriptiv kvalitativ design som baserats på tio kvalitativa vetenskapliga originalartiklar hämtade från PubMed och CINAHL. Resultat: Fyra kategorier med tillhörande subkategorier identifierades: fysisk påverkan, psykisk påverkan, social påverkan och personlig utveckling. Fysisk påverkan beskrev hur den sexuella hälsan, fysiska symtom samt sömn och fatigue inverkade på livskvaliteten. Psykisk påverkan beskrev hur bröstcanceröverlevares livskvalitet påverkades i förhållande till kroppsbild, känsloliv och kognitiv förmåga. Social påverkan beskrev hur livskvaliteten påverkades genom relationer, arbetsliv och ekonomi. Personlig utveckling beskrev hur bröstcanceröverlevarna till följd av upplevelsen fått nytt perspektiv och hur detta påverkade livskvaliteten.  Slutsats: Kvinnor hade olika upplevelser av livskvalitet efter att ha överlevt bröstcancer. Försämrad livskvalitet visade sig orsakas av biverkningar efter behandling och av den existentiella oron som en livshotande sjukdom kan innebära. Vissa bröstcanceröverlevare fick ett nytt perspektiv där tacksamhet, tillfredsställelse och meningsfullhet präglade upplevelsen vilket påverkade livskvaliteten positivt. Sjuksköterskans roll och hälsofrämjande insatser i förhållande till patientgruppens behov visade sig spela en central roll under rehabilitering. / Background: Breast cancer is the most common form of cancer in women and the group breast cancer survivors is growing as modern research advances. Quality of life has become a central concept and an important goal due to the fact that more women get the chance to live a long life after their diagnosis. Research has shown that quality of life can be affected by having survived breast cancer and nurses express difficulties in meeting the needs of these patients after completed treatment. Aim: The aim of the literature review was to describe women's experience of quality of life after surviving breast cancer.   Method: A literature review with descriptive qualitative design based on ten qualitative scientific original articles from PubMed and CINAHL.  Result: Four categories with associated subcategories were identified: physical impact, psychological impact, social impact and personal development. Physical impact described how sexual health, physical symptoms and fatigue affected the quality of life of breast cancer survivors. Psychological impact described how quality of life was affected by body image, emotional life and cognitive ability. Social impact described how the quality of life was affected by relationships, work life and financial position. Personal development described how breast cancer survivors gained a new perspective as a result of the experience and how this had a positive effect on their quality of life. Conclusion: Women had different experiences of quality of life after surviving breast cancer. Reduced quality of life was found to be caused by side effects after treatment and by the existential anxiety that a life-threatening disease can entail. Some breast cancer survivors obtained a new perspective of life, where gratitude, satisfaction and meaningfulness defined the experience and therefore improved their quality of life. The nurse’s role and health-promoting interventions proved to play a key role during breast cancer rehabilitation.

Introduction: Every year 13 000 people suffer from a sudden cardiac arrest in Sweden. When a sudden cardiac arrest occurs the heart malfunctions and the blood-flow to the body's organs is disrupted. This is a life threatening condition that demands early discovery and treatment. More people survive a cardiac arrest in part thanks to more defibrillators in society and that more people are educated in cardiopulmonary resuscitation.  Aim: To describe people's experiences of surviving a cardiac arrest.   Method: A literature study with a descriptive design. Eleven qualitative studies were included in this study.   Result: The survivors experienced a sudden change in their lives and they had to make adjustments to cope with a changed life that affected their autonomy. The event also affected relations with the family and people close to the survivor. They experienced physical limitations, cognitive and emotional difficulties. Many had existential thoughts of life and death and they made different priorities in life as a result of the event. There was a need for a sense of belonging, knowledge and support.   Conclusion: To survive a cardiac arrest was an event that affected life in many ways. The survivors' lives changed suddenly and they were affected emotionally, physically and cognitively. Many had existential thoughts and a need for information and support. With an increased understanding about the needs of the survivors, nurses can meet these needs and improve patient-centered care. / Introduktion: Varje år drabbas runt 13 000 personer i Sverige av ett plötsligt hjärtstopp. Vid ett plötsligt hjärtstopp upphör hjärtats funktioner och blodet kan inte längre pumpas ut till kroppens organ, vilket leder till ett livshotande tillstånd som kräver tidig upptäckt och behandling. Allt fler överlever ett hjärtstopp idag, delvis tack vare fler hjärtstartare ute i samhället och att allt fler utbildas i hjärt- och lungräddning.   Syfte: Att beskriva människors erfarenheter av att ha överlevt ett hjärtstopp.  Metod: En litteraturstudie med deskriptiv design, elva kvalitativa originalartiklar inkluderades i arbetet.   Resultat: Överlevarna upplevde att livet förändrades plötsligt och de behövde göra anpassningar för att hantera ett förändrat liv och en förändrad autonomi. Händelsen påverkade även relationerna med familj och närstående. De drabbade upplevde kognitiva svårigheter exempelvis med minnet, fysiska begränsningar med försämrad uthållighet och smärta. Även emotionella besvär såsom ångest, oro och känsla av sårbarhet var förekommande. Många hade existentiella tankar om livet och döden. Nya prioriteringar i livet uppstod som följd av händelsen. Det fanns ett behov av gemenskap, kunskap, och stöd.  Slutsats: Att överleva ett hjärtstopp var en händelse som påverkade livet på många olika sätt. Överlevarnas liv förändrades plötsligt och de påverkades känslomässigt, fysiskt och kognitivt. Många hade existentiella tankar och ett behov av information och stöd. Genom en ökad förståelse för behoven hos denna patientgrupp kan sjuksköterskan möta dessa behov och arbeta mer personcentrerat.