The residential construction sector in the UK plays an important role in society’s wellbeing as it provides shelter, employment and promotes economic growth. However, the sector has been identified as a large contributor to climate change, resource depletion and is associated with different socio-economic issues such as fuel poverty and house affordability. The residential construction sector is growing quickly due to a high housing demand, as will the associated impacts unless significant changes are made. Several studies have assessed the environmental impacts of the residential construction sector, while the social and economic aspects of sustainability are often ignored but are equally important for sustainable development. This thesis presents a sustainability assessment framework capable of addressing the environmental, economic and social issues of the residential construction sector supply chain, using a life cycle approach in order to contribute toward an improved understanding of the current and future trends in the sector.The methodology developed has been applied to the residential construction sector in the UK and demonstrated through three case studies of conventional, passive and zero-carbon houses as well as a sustainability assessment at the sectoral level. The main stakeholders identified here are construction companies and workforce, home owners and occupiers, suppliers, local authorities and the government. The main sustainability issues are resource depletion, waste generation, environmental impacts such as global warming (GWP), ozone depletion, house price and affordability, contribution to GDP, provision of employment, health and safety, impact on local communities and business ethics. The assessment tools used to assess the environmental and economic sustainability are Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and Life Cycle Costing (LCC), respectively. Social sustainability has been assessed using different social sustainability indicators applicable to the residential construction sector. LCA results indicate that zero-carbon houses have the lowest GWP of the three house types considered, being 71% lower than for the conventional house, compared to a 59% reduction for passive houses. However, passive houses have a better overall environmental performance as they have the lowest impacts for most environmental impact categories. LCC results, on the other hand, indicate that the total life cycle costs for zero-carbon houses are 21% higher than for conventional houses because of the additional cost of renewable technologies, while for passive houses costs are comparable to conventional houses. At a sectoral level, zero-carbon houses can achieve reductions of 13% of the sector’s annual GWP compared to conventional houses, however this will cost the residential construction sector an additional £3 billion per year. The construction of passive houses will cost an additional £1 billion per year compared to conventional houses but can help by reducing the sector’s annual GWP by 10%.This study shows that the current state of the housing sector is environmentally unsustainable and urgent changes must be made in the way houses are constructed and managed. However, the residential construction sector must overcome many socio-economic barriers before introducing low-carbon houses on a large scale.

Thesis (MScConEcol)--Stellenbosch University, 2013. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Declines in natural capital, such as the degradation of ecosystems and loss of species, are the result of threats created by anthropogenic activities. The concept of sustainable development encompasses the economic and social growth of societies, with limited impacts on the natural environment. Sustainable development initiatives are being implemented in an attempt to mitigate the global decline in natural capital. Biosphere reserves, which are designated by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation’s (UNESCO) Man and the Biosphere Programme, aim to be landscape-scale examples of sustainable development. UNESCO requires biosphere reserves to submit a periodic review every ten years to ensure they are meeting their goals. This requires that that they monitor and evaluate their progress towards their sustainable development goals. Sustainability indicators are tools used to assess progress towards ecological, social and economic goals, and can thus be useful tools for biosphere reserves to ensure they are achieving their goals. The Kogelberg and Cape West Coast Biosphere Reserves are both situated within the Cape Floristic Region (CFR). The CFR, located in the South-West of South Africa, has been identified as a biodiversity hotspot owing to its high plant diversity. About a fifth of the CFR is formally protected, while about three quarters has been transformed, mainly by cultivated lands, urban areas and alien vegetation. The socio-economic dimensions of the region are also diverse. A high percentage of its inhabitants have low incomes and live in informal settlements, while a smaller percentage have high incomes and live in middle to upper-class urban areas. Biosphere reserves aim to encourage their diverse stakeholders to collaboratively develop and work towards sustainable development goals. This research project applied an action research approach. The research objectives were achieved through collaboration with biosphere reserve stakeholders. The first objective was to develop sustainability indicator sets for the Kogelberg and Cape West Coast Biosphere Reserves. Following the introduction to the research provided in Chapter 1, Chapters 2, 3 and 4 of this thesis describe the stages of the research process undertaken to achieve this objective. With the aim of investigating monitoring and evaluation within biosphere reserves, Chapter 2 presents a systematic review of the peer-reviewed and grey literature and Chapter 3 presents the results of interviews with managers of South African biosphere reserves and a web-based survey of the World Network of Biosphere Reserves. Chapter 4 describes the collaborative process of conducting local stakeholder workshops and specialist focus groups to develop sets of sustainability indicators; one set each for the Kogelberg and Cape West Coast Biosphere Reserves. The second objective was to formulate a national protocol for the development of sustainability indicators for South African biosphere reserves. This was developed through a synthesis of the results and lessons learnt in Chapters 2 to 4. This national protocol was designed to be flexible enough to be adapted to the local circumstances and needs of individual South African biosphere reserves. The global review of the peer-reviewed and grey literature revealed that monitoring and evaluation studies in biosphere reserves are mostly conducted in the developing world by authors from the developed world and many of the studies and indicators that were developed focused on ecological dimensions. These results show that biosphere reserves need to enhance their local capacity for the development and implementation of improved monitoring and evaluation methods and frameworks. The outcomes of the interviews with representatives of the management of South African biosphere reserves and a survey of the World Network of Biosphere Reserves found that many biosphere reserves identified in this survey are reportedly implementing monitoring and evaluation, but few have developed sustainability indicators. It was found that there are many similar challenges with regards to monitoring and evaluation in biosphere reserves, most notably the lack of capacity and funding Lastly, the collaborative process used to develop sustainability indicators for the Kogelberg and Cape West Coast Biosphere Reserves proved to be useful and produced the desired outcomes. The local stakeholder workshops produced large sustainability indicator sets, with many indicators that were immeasurable, but most were relevant to the biosphere reserves. The specialist focus groups produced more focused and feasible indicator sets. The local stakeholder and specialist indicator sets were integrated to produce a final set for each biosphere reserve that was relevant to the social-ecological systems of the biosphere reserves, with indicators that could feasibly be implemented. The action research approach applied in this study delivered a pragmatic set of sustainability indicators that can be implemented by both biosphere reserves. The National Department of Environmental Affairs, and the Kogelberg and Cape West Coast Biosphere Reserve co-ordinators have encouraged and supported the development of the sustainability indicator sets and the national protocol. Supporting these with a social learning institution within each biosphere reserve will be required for ensuring their on-going utility. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Dalings in natuurlike kapitaal, soos die degradasie van ekosisteme en die verlies van spesies, is die gevolg van die bedreigings wat geskep word deur menslike aktiwiteite. Die konsep van volhoubare ontwikkeling behels die ekonomiese en sosiale ontwikkeling van samelewings, met beperkte impak op die natuurlike omgewing. Volhoubare ontwikkelings inisiatiewe word geïmplementeer in 'n poging om die afname in natuurlike kapitaal te verminder. Die doel van biosfeerreservate, wat aangewys is deur die Verenigde Nasies se Opvoedkundige, Wetenskaplike en Kulturele Organisasie (UNESCO) se Man en die Biosfeer-program, is om landskap-skaal voorbeelde van volhoubare ontwikkeling te wees. UNESCO vereis dat biosfeerreservate 'n periodieke hersiening elke tien jaar voor te lê om te verseker dat hulle op pad is om hul doelwitte te bereik. Dit vereis dat hulle moet hul vordering monitor en evalueer teenoor hul volhoubare ontwikkelingsdoelwitte. Volhoubaarheid aanwysers word gebruik om vordering ten opsigte van ekologiese, sosiale en ekonomiese doelwitte te bepaal, en kan dus nuttig wees vir biosfeerreservate om te verseker dat hulle hul doelwitte bereik. Die Kogelberg en Kaapse Weskus Biosfeerreservate is beide in die Kaapse Floristiese Omgewing (KFO) geleë. Die KFO, wat in die Suid-Wes van Suid-Afrika geleë is, is geïdentifiseer as 'n biodiversiteit-brandpunt as gevolg van sy hoë plant diversiteit. Oor 1/5 van die KFO is formeel beskerm terwyl ongeveer 3/4 omskep is, hoofsaaklik deur bewerkte landerye, stedelike gebiede en uitheemse plantegroei. Die sosio-ekonomiese aspekte van die omgewing is ook uiteenlopend. 'n Hoë persentasie van die bevolking het 'n lae inkomste en woon in informele nedersettings, terwyl 'n kleiner persentasie het 'n hoë inkomste en woon in middel tot bo-klas stedelike gebiede. Biosfeerreservate streef daarna om hul diverse rolspelers aan te moedig om saam volhoubare ontwikkelingsdoelwitte te ontwikkel. Hierdie navorsingsprojek het 'n aksie-navorsing nadering toegepas. Die navorsing doelwitte is bereik deur middel van samewerking met biosfeerreservaat rolspelers. Die eerste doelwit was om volhoubaarheid aanwyser stelle vir die Kogelberg en Kaapse Weskus Biosfeerreservate te ontwikkel. Na aanleiding van die Inleiding tot die navorsing wat in Hoofstuk 1, Hoofstuk 2, 3 en 4 van hierdie tesis beskryf die fases van die navorsing wat onderneem is om hierdie doelwit te bereik. Met die doel van die ondersoek van monitering en evaluering binne biosfeerreservate, Hoofstuk 2 bied 'n sistematiese hersiening van die eweknie-geëvalueerde en grys literatuur aan en Hoofstuk 3 bied die resultate van onderhoude met bestuurders van Suid-Afrikaanse biosfeerreservate en 'n web-gebaseerde ondersoek van die wêreld Netwerk van Biosfeerreservate aan. Hoofstuk 4 beskryf die saamwerkende proses van die uitvoer van plaaslike rolspeler werkswinkels en spesialis fokusgroepe stelle van volhoubaarheid aanwysers te ontwikkel; een stel elk vir die Kogelberg en Kaapse Weskus Biosfeerreservate. Die tweede doelwit is om 'n nasionale protokol vir die ontwikkeling van volhoubaarheid aanwysers vir Suid-Afrikaanse biosfeerreservate te formuleer. Dit is ontwikkel deur middel van 'n sintese van die resultate en lesse wat geleer is in Hoofstukke 2 tot 4. Hierdie nasionale protokol is ontwerp om buigsaam genoeg te wees om aangepas te word by die plaaslike omstandighede en behoeftes van individuele Suid-Afrikaanse biosfeerreservate. Die globale oorsig van die eweknie-geëvalueerde en grys literatuur het gewys dat monitering en evaluering studies in biosfeerreservate word meestal in die ontwikkelende wêreld uitgevoer deur die skrywers van die ontwikkelde wêreld en baie van die studies en aanwysers wat ontwikkel word is gefokus op ekologiese dimensies. Hierdie resultate dui aan dat biosfeerreservate hul plaaslike kapasiteit vir die ontwikkeling en implementering van monitering en evaluering metodes en raamwerke moet verbeter. Die uitkomste van die onderhoude met verteenwoordigers van die bestuur van die Suid-Afrikaanse biosfeerreservate en 'n ondersoek van die Wêreld Netwerk van Biosfeerreservate dui aan dat baie van die biosfeerreservate wat in hierdie ondersoek na berig word implementeer monitering en evaluering, maar min het volhoubaarheid aanwysers ontwikkel. Daar is gevind dat daar baie soortgelyke uitdagings met betrekking tot monitering en evaluering in biosfeerreservate, veral die gebrek aan kapasiteit en befondsing Ten slotte, die gesamentlike proses wat gebruik is om die volhoubaarheid aanwysers vir die Kogelberg en Kaapse Weskus Biosfeerreservate te ontwikkel het bewys om nuttig te wees en het die verlangde uitkomste gelewer. Die plaaslike rolspeler werkswinkels het groot volhoubaarheid aanwyser stelle geproduseer, met baie onmeetbare aanwysers, maar meeste van die aanysers was relevant tot die biosfeer-reservate. Die spesialis fokusgroepe het meer gefokusde en uitvoerbaar aanwyser stelle geproduseer. Die plaaslike rolspeler en spesialis aanwyser stelle is geïntegreer in 'n finale stel vir elke biosfeerreservaat wat relevant is tot die sosiaal-ekologiese stelsels van die biosfeer-reservate, met aanwysers wat uitvoerbaar is. Die aksie-navorsing benadering wat in hierdie studie toegepas is het 'n pragmatiese stel van volhoubaarheid aanwysers afgelewer wat sal deur beide biosfeerreservate geïmplementeer word. Die Nasionale Departement van Omgewingsake, en die Kogelberg en Kaapse Weskus Biosfeer Reservaat koördineerders het die ontwikkeling van die volhoubaarheid aanwyser stelle en die Nasionale Protokol aangemoedig en ondersteun. Ondersteuning van hierdie uitsette met 'n sosiale leer instelling binne elke biosfeerreservaat sal vereis wees om hul deurlopende nut te verseker.

Food security is a global concern, experienced at a household level in South Africa (SA). The country experiences income inequality with a high unemployment rate. Many that are employed live under the international poverty line. The Potchefstroom area in the North-West Province of SA has a high unemployment rate. The Student Rag Community Service (SRCS) is a student driven non-profit organisation (NPO) of the North-West University (NWU) that is actively involved in socio-economic development of communities within this area. Some community programmes attempt to address food security, but it was uncertain which SRCS projects address such programmes. Unsustainable programmes may lead to greater food insecurity. Much funding has been used for SRCS projects and if unsustainable, funds were not optimally utilised. Archived documentation of implemented SRCS projects were not stored in a system that supported easy reference. Programmes were not assessed against clear sustainability indicators (SI), thus the sustainability thereof was uncertain. Thus, the research question was: Which of the SRCS projects addressed food security through their activities and programmes and were these projects sustainable? The study aimed to assess the food security-related SRCS community projects to promote sustainable development. A case study was done to assess this in its real-life content. The mixed methods strategy was used through the three data collection phases. Further, a non-probability sampling method and the triangulation design were used to compare data. Firstly, the available archived documentation (September 2007 until August 2011) was compiled in an electronic database. Data from the most recent term were scrutinised (September 2010 until August 2011) and food security-related projects (21/48) were identified and those with feeding schemes (5/21). These projects mostly address the themes: food and nutrition, hygiene and infrastructure. Secondly, these projects were visited and community project members were interviewed to assess their experiences with the SRCS’s project involvement and their opinions towards sustainability. Lastly, the SRCS project leaders’ (n=20), of the previous term (September 2012 until August 2013), knowledge and understanding of project sustainability were assessed through a group administered questionnaire. Qualitative data were thematically analysed and quantitative data were statistically analysed. Results indicated positive and negative expectations of community project members. Students indicated that community project members always or often participate and have sufficient skills and competences, but this was not indicated by community project members. Exposure or awareness was believed to increase project capacity. Available funds influenced the ownership and participation of community project members. Statistical analysis indicated a relationship between capacity building, empowerment and production of own food sources. Although some community project members and SRCS project leaders were able to define sustainability and agreed upon SI, these were not implemented or measured at projects. Within the study, SI based on the livelihood assets from literature, were used to assess projects. Some activities created dependence without focusing on the development of assets. Study limitations included a language barrier between the SRCS and the community, and the accessibility of project leaders after the ending of the annual SRCS term. The study might improve current and innovative SRCS projects to overcome poverty and promote food security. / M Consumer Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015

Food security is a global concern, experienced at a household level in South Africa (SA). The country experiences income inequality with a high unemployment rate. Many that are employed live under the international poverty line. The Potchefstroom area in the North-West Province of SA has a high unemployment rate. The Student Rag Community Service (SRCS) is a student driven non-profit organisation (NPO) of the North-West University (NWU) that is actively involved in socio-economic development of communities within this area. Some community programmes attempt to address food security, but it was uncertain which SRCS projects address such programmes. Unsustainable programmes may lead to greater food insecurity. Much funding has been used for SRCS projects and if unsustainable, funds were not optimally utilised. Archived documentation of implemented SRCS projects were not stored in a system that supported easy reference. Programmes were not assessed against clear sustainability indicators (SI), thus the sustainability thereof was uncertain. Thus, the research question was: Which of the SRCS projects addressed food security through their activities and programmes and were these projects sustainable? The study aimed to assess the food security-related SRCS community projects to promote sustainable development. A case study was done to assess this in its real-life content. The mixed methods strategy was used through the three data collection phases. Further, a non-probability sampling method and the triangulation design were used to compare data. Firstly, the available archived documentation (September 2007 until August 2011) was compiled in an electronic database. Data from the most recent term were scrutinised (September 2010 until August 2011) and food security-related projects (21/48) were identified and those with feeding schemes (5/21). These projects mostly address the themes: food and nutrition, hygiene and infrastructure. Secondly, these projects were visited and community project members were interviewed to assess their experiences with the SRCS’s project involvement and their opinions towards sustainability. Lastly, the SRCS project leaders’ (n=20), of the previous term (September 2012 until August 2013), knowledge and understanding of project sustainability were assessed through a group administered questionnaire. Qualitative data were thematically analysed and quantitative data were statistically analysed. Results indicated positive and negative expectations of community project members. Students indicated that community project members always or often participate and have sufficient skills and competences, but this was not indicated by community project members. Exposure or awareness was believed to increase project capacity. Available funds influenced the ownership and participation of community project members. Statistical analysis indicated a relationship between capacity building, empowerment and production of own food sources. Although some community project members and SRCS project leaders were able to define sustainability and agreed upon SI, these were not implemented or measured at projects. Within the study, SI based on the livelihood assets from literature, were used to assess projects. Some activities created dependence without focusing on the development of assets. Study limitations included a language barrier between the SRCS and the community, and the accessibility of project leaders after the ending of the annual SRCS term. The study might improve current and innovative SRCS projects to overcome poverty and promote food security. / M Consumer Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015

Frågor om miljö, mänskliga rättigheter, sociala förhållanden och motverkande av korruption får en allt större plats i diskussioner gällande företag. På grund av detta är det numera inte tillräckligt för företagen att endast tänka på konsekvenserna av deras egna handlingar, eller deras direkta leverantörer, utan företagen måste även ta hänsyn till alla andra företag i deras leverantörskedja. Utifrån detta har studiens syfte tagits fram, vilket är att analysera hur företag redovisar hållbarhetsinformation från sina underleverantörer. Vidare är syftet att undersöka vilka faktorer som kan ha betydelse för vilken och mängden hållbarhetsinformation, från underleverantörer, som redovisas. Dessa faktorer är bransch, som inte tidigare studerats, och storlek, vilket tidigare studerats men i väldigt liten omfattning. Studien har en positivistisk utgångspunkt och en kvantitativ metod där en deduktiv forskningsansats har tillämpats. Studiens empiriska material har samlats in från årsredovisningar och presenteras genom diagram samt tabeller. Analysen har gjorts genom att data ställs mot teorier samt tidigare forskning. Studiens resultat påvisar att de flesta företag som inkluderar hållbarhetsinformation i sin årsredovisning även inkluderar sina underleverantörer. Hos företag som redovisar sina underleverantörer, råder det stor variation på användningen av hållbarhetsindikatorer. Vidare visar resultatet att endast en av de undersökta faktorerna har betydelse på hur företagen redovisar hållbarhetsinformation från sina underleverantörer. Förslag till vidare forskning är inledningsvis att studera varför vissa företag inte redovisar hållbarhetsinformation angående deras underleverantörer. Vidare kan det vara intressant att om några år undersöka om någon praxis upprättats gällande redovisning av hållbarhetsinformation från underleverantörer. / Questions about environment, human rights, social conditions and anti-corruption are a growing area of discussions in business. Because of this, it is not enough for companies to just think about the consequences of their own actions, or their direct suppliers, companies also have to take all the other companies in their supply chain into consideration. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to describe how companies report sustainable information from their suppliers. Further, the purpose is to examine which factors can explain the amount of information from suppliers and which information the companies choose to report. These factors are line of business, which have not been investigated before, and the previous investigated factor size. The paper has a positivistic base and a quantitative method, and a deductive research approach has been applied. The paper’s empirical material are collected by annual reports and presented in charts and tables. The analysis has compared data to theories and previous research. The paper’s results indicate that most companies that include sustainability in their annual report also include their suppliers. There is a wide variation in the use of sustainability indicators for the companies who include their suppliers. Further, the results show that only one of the investigated factors can explain how the companies report sustainability information from their suppliers. Suggestions for future research is to investigate why some companies does not report sustainability information regarding their suppliers. Further, it would be interesting to study this in a few years, to see if any practice has been established regarding the companies reporting of sustainability information from the suppliers.

The subject matter of this paper is a comparative review of egg production systems for theircontribution to sustainable development of egg production in order to assess the perceived challenges of eggfarmers in Germany. The thesis features a case study which presents two farms located in Germany, andimplementing different farming methods. The floor-range farming method and the organic system illustrate thisexample. The methodological approach is based on a three-phase framework, in which significant issuesconcerning sustainable development are presented (Phase 1), the significant issues are translated into sustainableindicators (Phase 2), and the contribution of sustainable indicators to sustainable development is assessed (Phase3). Phase 1 and 2 build on an extensive literature review and farmers consultation. Phase 3 relies on numericalcomparisons. A comparative analysis of the empirical data is based on theories and the developed conceptualframework. Based on the comparison of two specific farms, the results of this work indicate that the organicfarming system reveals the least negative contribution to sustainable development of egg production in Germany.The floor-range farming system shows a slightly more negative contribution to sustainable developmentcompared with the organic EPS. The organic farming system, therefore, is considered the better animal-friendlysystem. It is certainly noteworthy to mention that the organic system however fail to contribute to sustainabledevelopment from an economic perspective. Thus, the main perceived challenge for the organic farmer is tooperate his organic business in a more profitable way. The floor-range system on the other hand, succeeds tocontribute to sustainable development in economic terms, but fails to contribute positively from an ecologicaland social perspective. Therefore, the farmer operating the floor-range EPS needs to improve the ecological aswell as social conditions on his farm in order to achieve an equal positive contribution to sustainabledevelopment.

Este trabalho teve como objetivo geral: entender como as priorizações dadas aosstakeholders e o engajamento com mesmos podem refletir na presença de indicadores de sustentabilidade das organizações mineradoras no Brasil. Os objetivos específicos foram: revelar quem são osstakeholders priorizados e o por quê; e perceber qual a importância tem o engajamento com as partes interessadas na busca pelo desenvolvimento sustentável das mineradoras. Na fundamentação teórica foram abordados os principais conceitos da teoria de stakeholders, desenvolvimento sustentável, modelos e indicadores para mensurar o desenvolvimento sustentável e influenciadores do desempenho socioambiental. Dois estudos de casos foram realizados, tendo como fontes de dados: entrevistas em profundidade, relatórios oficiais, observação direta e a literatura. Os dados foram tratados conforme técnicas de análise de conteúdo e puderam evidenciar a priorização dada às comunidades locais e colaboradores. Todas as fontes de dados apresentaram indícios do tratamento diferenciado desses dois grupos de stakehoders. Os impactos causados às comunidades e colaboradores juntamente com o posicionamento estratégico e a necessidade de legitimidade para operar parecem ser os grandes impulsionadores da priorização apresentada. O engajamento com os grupos de partes interessadas ocorre desde o planejamento inicial das operações até o fechamento da mina. O contato permite o compartilhamento de boas práticas, o que pode contribuir para o desenvolvimento sustentável das mineradoras e grupos envolvidos. As empresas assumem responsabilidades perante os stakeholderse garantem ações que evidenciem os compromissos, inclusive o monitoramento das questões consideradas importantes por grupos salientes. Assim, os indicadores presentes refletem a priorização dada às comunidades e colaboradores bem como o engajamento contínuo com os mesmos. Os resultados podem contribuir com literatura ao apresentar novas formas de priorizar os stakeholders diferentes daquelas já consagradas na teoria. Isso sugere uma discussão da efetividade dos antigos modelos de priorização nos variados tipos de indústrias. Quanto à contribuição gerencial, o setor de mineração poderá encontrar subsídio para melhorar o relacionamento com os stakeholders em busca pelo desenvolvimento sustentável, algo essencial para perenidade desse setor cuja importância é significativa para a economia brasileira / The objective of this study was to understand how the prioritizations given to stakeholders and the engagement with them can reflect the presence of sustainability indicators of mining organizations in Brazil. The specific objectives were: to reveal who are the prioritized stakeholders and why; realize the importance of engagement with stakeholders for the sustainable development of mining companies.Inthe backgroud, the main concepts of stakeholder theory, sustainable development, models and indicators to measure sustainable development and influencers of social and environmental performance were addressed. Two case studies were carried out, having as data-base: interviews, official reports, direct observation and the literature. The data were treated according to content analysis techniques and showed the prioritization given to the local communities and employees. All data sources showed evidence of differential treatment to these two groupsofstakehoders. The impacts caused to communities and employees, the strategic of the companies and the need for legitimacy to operate are the main drivers of the prioritization presented. Engagement with stakeholder groups occurs since the initial planning of operations to the closure of the mine. The contact allows the sharing of good practices, which can contribute to the sustainable development of the mining companies and groups involved. The companies assume responsibilities to the stakeholders and guarantee actions that evidence the commitments, including the measurement of issues considered important by salient groups. Thus, the present indicators reflect the prioritization given to the communities and employees as well as the continuous engagement with them. The results can contribute to literature by presenting new ways of prioritizing stakeholders different from those already established in theory. These are suggests for a discussion about the effectiveness of the established prioritization models in the various types of industries. Regarding the managerial contribution, the mining sector can find support to improve the relationship with the stakeholders for the sustainable development, that is essential for the continuity of this sector which has significant importance for the Brazilianeconomy.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:48:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Adriana Silva de Souza.pdf: 588771 bytes, checksum: f5afcb0dd11fea5cb3632812df0f43df (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-05-26 / The reflection on the theme development, along with pressure from society in nature, led the growth in awareness of the environmental problems caused by incompatible standards of living through the process of regeneration of the environment. With that sustainable development has become the main choice for today's socioeconomic development. The finding of fact made researchers were in search of a development model that can guarantee the quality of life of present generations without compromising the ability of future generations to survive and develop. Several tools have been developed in recent years with the aim of measuring the sustainability of economic and social systems. In an attempt to improve knowledge of sustainability indicators in this study evaluated three of the tools most widely used and recognized in the context of sustainability: the Ecological Footprint, the Dashboard of Sustainability, and the Barometer of Sustainability. The three tools were evaluated in order to identify the main elements of these indicators and their theoretical basis. The ultimate goal is to write a comparative analysis and improve understanding of sustainability indicators mentioned so that you can use these tools more clearly and consciously / A reflexão sobre o tema desenvolvimento, juntamente com a pressão exercida pela sociedade na natureza, levou o crescimento da consciência sobre os problemas ambientais gerados por padrões de vida incompatíveis com o processo de regeneração do meio ambiente. Com isso o desenvolvimento sustentável tornou-se a principal opção de desenvolvimento socioeconômico da atualidade. A constatação deste fato fez com pesquisadores fossem em busca de um modelo de desenvolvimento que possa garantir a qualidade de vida das gerações atuais sem comprometer a capacidade de gerações futuras de sobreviverem e desenvolverem-se. Várias ferramentas foram elaboradas nos últimos anos com o objetivo de mensurar a sustentabilidade de sistemas econômicos e sociais. Na tentativa de melhorar o conhecimento sobre os indicadores de sustentabilidade o presente estudo avaliou três das ferramentas mais usadas e reconhecidas no âmbito da sustentabilidade: o Ecological Footprint, o Dashboard of Sustainability, e o Barometer of Sustainability. As três ferramentas foram analisadas para que se identificassem os principais elementos formadores destes indicadores e seu embasamento teórico. O objetivo final do trabalho é fazer uma análise comparativa e melhorar o conhecimento dos indicadores de sustentabilidade mencionados para que seja possível utilizar essas ferramentas de forma mais adequada e consciente

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-10T10:54:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CRISTINA LIMEIRA LEITE.pdf: 2157326 bytes, checksum: 3b9c82718513d79354d17f9e93a4fe87 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-16 / The city of Imperatriz-MA, is among the municipalities that do not contain adequate infrastructure in waste disposal, the waste disposal uncontrolled is 10 km from the city center, it receives all waste produced by the city, and bring to the local population several problems, such as environmental and health. The aim of this study is to characterize the situation of municipal solid waste in Imperatriz-MA county through Sustainability Indicators (IS) in order to support the development of a municipal solid waste management (MSW) program that promotes life quality improvement and sustainable development. For the data collection, a field research was carried out in the period of January to July of 2014, the research was developed through interviews with municipal managers, based in the questionnaires and sustainability indicators (IS) proposed By Milanez (2002) once the purpose of these is to evaluate the applicability in different spaces. From the evaluation of IS and observations and characterization of DI, the indicators were subdivided into four themes, to adapt to the four dimensions, namely: social, environmental, economic and institutional. The relative analysis of the sustainability indicators (IS) developed by Milanez (2002) is based on the use of 12 sustainability indicators (IS) but it was chosen to include 4 more issues in order to improve the compreension of the municipality s situation studied. Regarding to the sustainability of the Municipality based on 16 indicators, where 10 of them tended as Very Unfavorable to sustainability and only 04 of them were evaluated favorably, characterizing the municipality as unsustainable. Then the comparative study was conducted between the cities of Imperatriz, MA, and São Carlos, SP, so, it was possible to contemplate the specific objectives: Identify the procedures and actions of the municipality as the MSW; Establish from Sustainability Indicators of the municipality, with reference to the situation of MSW; Check the potential impacts to the environment resulting from the disposal of MSW in the city; Check the potential health impacts; Provide input to the preparation of a management plan to the municipal solid waste. / A cidade de Imperatriz MA encontra-se entre os municípios brasileiros que não contém infraestrutura adequada na disposição dos resíduos, o depósito de resíduos não controlados fica a 10 km do centro urbano, recebe todos os resíduos produzidos pela cidade, podendo trazer à população diversos problemas, como ambiental e de saúde. O objetivo deste trabalho consiste Caracterizar a situação dos resíduos sólidos urbanos no município de Imperatriz-MA por meio de Indicadores de Sustentabilidade (IS) visando subsidiar a elaboração de um programa de Gestão de Resíduos Sólidos Urbanos (RSU) que promova a melhoria de qualidade de vida e o desenvolvimento sustentável. Para o levantamento dos dados, foi realizada uma pesquisa de campo no período de janeiro a julho de 2014, a pesquisa desenvolveuse por meio de entrevista com gestores municipais, tendo-se como base os questionários e os indicadores de sustentabilidade (IS) propostos por Milanez (2002) uma vez que a finalidade destes é avaliar a aplicabilidade em diferentes espaços. A partir da avaliação dos IS e das observações e caracterização do DI, os indicadores foram subdivididos em quatro eixos temáticos, para a adequação às quatro dimensões, a saber: social, ambiental, econômica e institucional. A análise relativa aos indicadores de sustentabilidade (IS) desenvolvida por Milanez (2002) se baseia na utilização de 12 indicadores de sustentabilidade (IS) porém optou-se por incluir mais 4 indicadores para melhor compreensão da situação do município. No que se refere à sustentabilidade do Município com base nos 16 indicadores, onde 10 apresentaram tendência Muito Desfavorável à sustentabilidade e apenas 04 foram avaliados favoravelmente, caracterizando o município como insustentável. A seguir foi realizado um estudo comparativo entre as Cidades de Imperatriz,MA e São Carlos,SP e assim, foi possível comtemplar os objetivos específicos que foram eles: Identificar os procedimentos e as ações do município quanto aos RSU; Estabelecer a partir de Indicadores de Sustentabilidade a situação do município, com relação à situação dos RSU; Verificar os potenciais impactos ao ambiente resultantes da deposição dos RSU no município; Verificar os potencias impactos à saúde e assim fornecer subsídios à elaboração de um plano de gerenciamento dos resíduos sólidos urbanos.

Esta pesquisa propõe a aplicação de indicadores de sustentabilidade urbana em um conjunto habitacional, na cidade de Manaus/AM, a partir de princípios de desenvolvimento sustentável investigados em experiências bem sucedidas na Europa e no Brasil. Os exemplos pesquisados, denominados bairros sustentáveis, são iniciativas urbanísticas comprometidas com os indicadores de desenvolvimento sustentável que propõem um novo modelo de ocupação urbana. Este modelo prioriza o uso racional de recursos naturais, a utilização de materiais ecológicos, de fontes renováveis de energia, o controle de resíduos, a reutilização da água das chuvas, incentivos para o \'não uso de carros\' promovendo o pedestre, o ciclista e o transporte público com impactos na melhoria na qualidade de vida de seus moradores. Para tanto, a metodologia pauta-se em um corpus teórico das idéias que tem sido discutidas sobre a sustentabilidade em proposições que se apresentam com distintas adjetivações como: \"Desenvolvimento Sustentável\", \"Ecodesenvolvimento\", \"Sociedades Sustentáveis\", \"Comunidades Sustentáveis\", termos estes, abordados nos Acordos/Encontros Internacionais, configurando-se como um panorama histórico da questão ambiental e a cidade. Segue-se com as definições de indicadores, índices e princípios de sustentabilidade urbana e aescolha de cinco experiências apoiadas pelos critérios de representatividade do diferencial entre elas, pelo pioneirismo, pelo reconhecimento nos meios especializados e pelo potencial de difusão. Considerou-se também importante, a inclusão de experiências internacionais que se destacassem por seu grau de inovação, estruturação e consolidação. Esta soma de saberes específicos contribuiu para a formulação de um quadro-síntese dos indicadores de sustentabilidade urbana aplicáveis ao conjunto habitacional \'Parque Residencial Manaus\'. / This research proposes the application of urban sustainability indicators in a public housing in the city of Manaus, Amazonas, since the principles of sustainable development investigated in successful experiences in Europe and Brazil. The examples studied, called sustainable neighborhoods, are urban initiatives are committed to the sustainable development indicators which offer a new model of urban settlement. This model emphasizes the rational use of natural resources, the use of green materials, renewable sources of energy, waste control, reuse of rainwater, incentives for the \'non-use of cars\' promoting the pedestrian, the cyclist and public transportation to improve the quality of life for its residents. For this, the methodology is guided in a corpus of theoretical ideas that have been discussed on the sustainability of propositions that are presented with different adjectives such as \"Sustainable Development\", \"Ecodevelopment\", \"Sustainable Societies\", \"Sustainable Communities\", terms discussed in the Agreements / International Meetings, configuring it as a historical overview of environmental issues and the city. Then, it presents the definitions of indicators, indices and principles of urban sustainability and the choice of five experiments that were chosen using the representativeness criteria of the differential between them, the pioneering, recognition in specialist circles and the diffusion potential. It was also important to include international experiences that stood out for their musical innovation, restructuring and consolidation. This sum of specific knowledge contributed to formulate of a summary table of urban sustainability indicators that were applied to the public housing \'Parque Residencial Manaus\'.