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The world today is built on energy. Every process, whether industrial or civil, from the moment one awakes in the morning all throughout the day and into the late night, is fuelled by energy. There is an energy consumption going on twentyfour hours, every day of the year (IEA, 2017). The traditional energy mix (coal, gas, oil) has been used up to now with disrupting effects on our planet. In order to stay in the sustainable development concept, the demand for energy will be optimally met with renewable energies (RE), so to also keep the global temperatures under 2°C or even 1.5°C, if ambitious measures are used (IPCC, 2011).The focus of this study is on the Association of South East Nations (ASEAN), because it has an unexploited potential to increase the usage of RE, due the fact that the region has over 140 million in population without access the electricity (Shi, 2016, IEA, 2017). The region is also still developing its energy infrastructure and decides on energy road maps for the next couple of years (Zamora, n.d., Brahim, 2014, Alison Riddell, Steve Ronson, Glenn Counts, n.d., Renner et al., 2018). Thus, this is the right time to research why ASEAN has not yet implemented more RE into its nations.The paper will explore the experts perceptions on the RE implementations in ASEAN as well as how does the government regulation and policy structures involve in the renewable energy implementation. To provide a better understanding of the impacts in the implementation phase of RE in ASEAN, the PESTEL framework helps to analyse the area on a macro level from six different perspectives. This framework will also help to identify and give suggestions to overcome several obstacles that have emerged in the implementation of RE in ASEAN.

Significant literature on sustainable supply chain management exists but there is a lack of theory explaining diffusion of sustainability practices within the supplier base led by manufacturing firms. In particular diffusion theory is insufficiently developed to characterise the development of sustainability practices in suppliers. The purpose of this research is to establish the conditions for enhancing the diffusion of environmental and social sustainability practices across the supplier base from the buying firms’ perspective. The research design is based on a theory building strategy. The data analysis was carried out based on a triangulation of different sources of data (e.g. 30 interviews with directors or managers of four sustainability leading manufacturing firms from the beverage, cosmetic and textile sector, and an extensive array of documents) and cross-case analysis and application of diffusion of innovation theory (DoI). This research identified environmental and social practices diffused through supplier selection (implementation of requirements), performance assessment and development. This map of sustainability practices provides a unique perspective; hence it distinguishes practices diffused across different supply chain tiers, as well as the mechanism/initiatives employed to diffuse them. The findings suggested that more emphasis was given to environmental practices than social practices. In general, social practices were more related to compulsory level (e.g. human rights) and were evaluated (selection), monitored (performance) and diffused through development (especially educating initiatives) in both 1st tier and 2nd tier. Critical materials suppliers in the 2nd tier were more likely to be engaged by specific procurement teams through the selection, performance and development activities, especially with the aim of meeting compliance and improving performance. The findings also suggested that joint initiatives with critical industrial suppliers focused more on environmental practices. Diffusion of innovation theory was applied to consider different elements that have not been covered in the literature, for instance, emphasis on communication channels and social system elements. The rate of adoption of sustainability practices was directly affected by supporting suppliers in measuring and collaborating in implementing improvements plans, as well as intense educating initiatives. DoI provides a powerful lens to help explain the role of buying firms in the diffusion of sustainability practices. The research provided a more comprehensive view on how sustainability practices were diffused through the supplier selection, performance assessment and development. This work is the first instance of considering intra- and interorganisational factors in the same model for enhancing the diffusion of sustainability practices. Overall, this depicts patterns of the factors and points out the most critical variables influencing the implementation of sustainability practices across the supplier base. This research has the potential to serve as an analysis tool to uncover gaps in activity that could lead to greater adoption of sustainability practices by suppliers, as well as gathering good practice in a structured way.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-10T10:49:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JANAINNA BARBOSA SILVA.pdf: 6306747 bytes, checksum: 2d423e64d252c4ebb755f646db277357 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-07 / The cities in Brazil, especially large state capitals, are undergoing a constant transformation, a growing quest to meet the needs of the population, requiring more housing, infrastructure, education, health and leisure. Those needs are being answered, but at the same time has caused severe impacts on the green areas, including environmental degradation, appropriation of urban space and land speculation. Such impacts extend eg in Goiânia, which despite being characterized by the existence of large green areas and waterways , has been suffering from environmental degradation , pollution and contamination of rivers and streams. Aiming to recover Macambira Stream, a tributary of Ribeirão Anicuns, was developed by the Municipality of Goiânia developed an environmental program that creates a Linear Park, which covers 131 districts, for learning function for people of people from age groups and a resource to promote environmental and social sustainability. The present work, address two issues: Sustainability and Urban Parks, wich Case Study is Macambira Anicuns Linear Park, in Sector Faiçalville. / As cidades no Brasil, em especial as grandes capitais, estão passando por constantes transformações, numa crescente busca para atender aos anseios da população, exigindo mais moradias, infraestrutura, educação, saúde e lazer. Essas necessidades vem sendo respondidas, mas ao mesmo tempo tem provocado fortes impactos sobre as áreas verdes, incluindo degradação ambiental, apropriação do espaço urbano e especulação imobiliária. Tais impactos se estendem por exemplo em Goiânia, que apesar de ser caracterizada pela grande existência de áreas verdes e cursos de água, vem sofrendo com a degradação ambiental, poluição e contaminação dos rios. Com o objetivo de recuperar o Córrego Macambira, afluente do Ribeirão Anicuns, foi desenvolvido pela Prefeitura Municipal de Goiânia, um programa ambiental que cria um Parque Linear, que abrange 131 bairros, destinado à função de aprendizado para pessoas de diferentes faixas etárias e como fonte de recursos para promover a sustentabilidade ambiental e social. No presente trabalho, são abordados dois assuntos: Sustentabilidade e Parques Urbanos, tendo como Estudo de Caso o Parque Linear Macambira Anicuns, no Setor Faiçalville.

Given growing concerns regarding the chocolate sector's long-term future, ever more private-sector, public-sector and civil-society stakeholders have become involved in initiatives aiming to make cocoa production more 'sustainable'. However, despite the omnipresent term, stakeholders' understandings of associated environmental, commercial and socio-economic priorities diverge: while transforming cocoa into a more attractive livelihood for farmers is paramount for some, others prioritise links to global environmental challenges. A third dimension encompasses commercial concerns related to securing supply, an increasing qualm given projected cocoa shortages and ever-rising concentration in the marketplace. This research argues there are considerable tensions between different stakeholders' commercial, socio-economic and environmental priorities in cocoa sustainability initiatives especially in light of the sector's intensifying challenges. Further tensions emerge between underlying drivers and representations, as public-facing communication continues to emphasise altruism rather than commercial necessity, locating engagements in 'nice-to-have' rather than 'business imperative' territory. Based on documentary analysis, semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions and participant observation, this thesis aims to capture how cocoa-sector changes have driven shifts in stakeholder priorities and representations, incorporating voices from across the initiatives ranging from cocoa producers to chocolate consumers. Utilising a modified global production networks lens to represent the full spectrum of stakeholders involved, the research maps three cocoa sustainability initiatives incorporating conservation or carbon measures in terms of power and embeddedness, stakeholder drivers and representations. While identifying tensions, it also argues that acknowledging divergent understandings of the polysemic 'sustainability' concept constitutes an opportunity for a much-needed redressing of power and embeddedness asymmetries to address systemic issues threatening the sector's future. However, the thesis also observes that despite protestations of partnership, few actors are willing to contemplate the systemic changes in favour of more equitable treatment and power distribution which would be required to safeguard the sector's long-term viability. This thesis's contributions include its unprecedented critical exploration of the diverging socio-economic, commercial and environmental drivers which diverse stakeholders associate with cocoa sustainability, the meanings they create towards the public, and the link to underlying power and embeddedness structures. These analytical foci have proved instrumental in unpacking emerging tensions, which are likely to grow more marked as cocoa shortages become more acute and understandings of sustainability continue to diverge.

From a historical perspective, Sweden is a classic example of a social democratic state in view ofits early development of labor movements, democracy and focus on the welfare state. Today, as amember state of the EU, Sweden has however come to be influenced by America’s neoliberalpolities, where companies need to deliver more and better products/services while the consumerawareness and sensitivity has increased about company’s way to invest. Research shows thatScandinavian companies, primarily in Denmark and Sweden, has a leading position when it comesto responsible corporate behavior which has been the reason to our choice of studying howSwedish companies do to achieve success in CSR. To carry out this study, we have usedqualitative analysis, using semi-structures to interview companies in different industry sectors. Allthe companies we interviewed were aware of the paradoxical quest for accumulation andsustainability, largely because of the limitations of resources and regulations. To address thischallenge, companies put a lot of emphasis on work in projects where they’re focusing the wellbeingof its own staff and by setting strict requirements on suppliers. Using previous researcharticles, an organizational theory (Hatch) and Weber’s social actions theory, we’ve tried todevelop our understanding of these phenomena. / Ur ett historiskt perspektiv är Sverige ett klassiskt exempel på en socialdemokratisk stat med tankepå dess tidiga utveckling av arbetarrörelser, demokrati och fokus på välfärdsstaten. Idag, sommedlemsstat i den Europeiska unionen har Sverige dock kommit att influeras av USA:s nyliberalapolitik där företagen behöver leverera fler och bättre varor/tjänster samtidigt som konsumenternasmedvetenhet och känslighet har ökat kring hur företagen väljer att investera. Forskning visar på attskandinaviska företag, framförallt inom Danmark och Sverige, har en ledande position när detgäller ansvarsfullt företagsbeteende vilket har varit anledningen till vårt val av studie om hursvenska företag gör för att nå framgång inom CSR. För att genomföra denna studie har vi genomkvalitativ analys använt semi-strukturerade intervjuer där vi intervjuat företag inom olikabranschområden. Det har visat sig att samtliga företag vi intervjuat är medvetna om denparadoxala strävan efter ackumulation och hållbarhet, mycket på grund av begränsningar avresurser/regelverk. För att bemöta denna utmaning arbetar företagen mycket i projektform därfokus läggs på välmående för sin egen personal och genom att ställa hårda krav påunderleverantörer. Genom att använda tidigare forskningsartiklar samt Hatch organisationsteorioch Webers sociala handlingar har vi försökt att utveckla vår förståelse av detta fenomen. / <p>Ett grupparbete av Kim Andersson &amp; Joakim Wadstedt. </p>

Syfte: Syftet är att studera statligt ägda företags inställning till integrerad redovisning och &lt;IR&gt; ramverket som publicerades i december 2013. Vidare är syftet att undersöka vad företagen tror ligger till grund för behovet av ett nytt sätt att redovisa, samt få en insikt i hur statligt ägda företag ser på en framtid för integrerad redovisning. Metod: En kvalitativ metod med semistrukturerade intervjuer har använts för att besvara studiens syfte. Empiri: Empirin har samlats in via sju intervjuer med respondenter från statligt ägda företag. De företag som medverkat är PostNord, Samhall, Green Cargo, TeliaSonera, Svensk exportkredit, Swedfund och Almi. Slutsats: De statligt ägda företag som deltagit i studien har en övergripande positiv inställning till integrerad redovisning och till &lt;IR&gt; ramverket. Företagen uppger att det funnits ett behov av att redovisa och förmedla en mer rättvisande bild av organisationen som helhet. Resultatet av studien visar vidare att &lt;IR&gt; ramverket innebär en del utmaningar och möjligheter samt att företagen tror på en framtid för integrerad redovisning. / Purpose: The aim is to study state-owned company's attitude to integrated reporting and the &lt;IR&gt; framework that was published in December 2013. Additional the purpose is to examine what the companies think is the basis for the need for a new way to report and gain an understanding how stateowned companies are thinking about the future for integrated reporting. Methods: A qualitative approach with semi-structured interviews were used to answer the purpose of the study. Empirics: The empirical data were collected through interviews with seven respondents from stateowned companies. The participated companies are PostNord, Samhall, Green Cargo, TeliaSonera, Swedish Export Credit, Swedfund and Almi. Conclusions: The state-owned companies that have participated in the study have an overall positive attitude towards integrated reporting and to the &lt;IR&gt; framework. The companies states that there has been a need to present and convey a more accurate picture of organizations as a whole. The results of the study show that the &lt;IR&gt; framework implies some challenges and opportunities and that the companies believe in a future for integrated reporting.

Thesis (M.A. (Communication Studies))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2010.

Thesis (M.A. (Communication Studies))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2010.

This diploma thesis deals with reporting of sustainability development and its mode of administration of regular reports. The purpose of the first section is to explain, define and describe theoretical and methodological approaches of corporate social responsibility of companies, how they were developed and what are their elementary principles and characteristics. The second section focuses on the analysis of implementation of corporate social responsibility in a concrete company in three areas – economical, social and environmental. The aim of the thesis is to create report about corporate social responsibility and sustainability development, based on acquired information and evaluated analyses.