Diss. (sammanfattning) Uppsala : Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet, 2004. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Thesis(M.S.)--Auburn University, 2005. / Abstract. Vita. Includes bibliographic references.

Thesis (M.S. in horticulture)--Washington State University, December 2008. / Title from PDF title page (viewed on Apr. 17, 2009). "Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture." Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.S.)--Oregon State University, 2008. / Printout. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 159-167). Also available on the World Wide Web.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:30:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2002-09Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:40:07Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 aragao_ca_dr_botfca.pdf: 1161671 bytes, checksum: afd46a3743d52d4b2ec59f8c3237449e (MD5) / Visando avaliar o potencial produtivo de híbridos simples de milho super doce, bem como, a capacidade de combinação de vinte e cinco linhagens que lhes deram origem, através de um cruzamento dialélico parcial, foram avaliados cento e vinte híbridos, em São Manuel (SP) local 1, SAKATA/Sudameris (SP) local 2 e Arisco (GO) local 3, usando-se látice simples 11x11 com duas repetições por local. Foram tomados os dados de Produção total de espigas com palha corrigida para o estande; Produção comercial corrigida para o estande, Peso de cinco espigas comerciais com palha; Peso de cinco espigas comerciais sem palha; Produção espigas com. Sem palha, corrigida para estande e 76% de água, Comprimento de espigas; Diâmetro de espiga; Atura da planta e Altura de inserção espiga. As análises estatísticas e genéticas mostraram alta significância das interações de híbridos e capacidade geral e específica de combinação com os locais. De maneira geral observou-se maior produção para os caracteres avaliados no local 2 SAKATA/Sudameris. Comparando-se os híbridos testados com o híbrido comercial DO- 04, para todos os locais, observou-se que foi possível o desenvolvimento de híbridos simples (HS) superiores para a maioria dos caracteres avaliados. De maneira geral obteve-se uma boa combinação entre uma bom número de linhagens, sendo que para o caráter PC5Esp (76%), as melhores linhagens quanto à CGC, do grupo 1, foram 657; 750 e 656, do grupo 2, 636; 628 e 333. Foi possível indicar os seguintes híbridos específicos: (44)421x320 e (68)657x320, mostrando grande potencial para programas de melhoramento de milho doce. / One hundred and twenty simple hybrids of super sweet corn were evaluated at São Manuel, SP (site 1), SAKATA/Sudameris, SP (site 2) and at Arisco, GO (site 3), using simple lattice 11x11 with two replications aiming to estimate the producing potential of the hybrids, as well as the combination capacity of 25 inbreds that originated them, by a partial diallel crossing. The data assessed were total husked ear production corrected for stand; commercial production corrected for stand; weight of five commercial husked ears; weight of five commercial dehusked ears; dehusked ears production corrected for stand and 76% humidity; ear length; ear diameter; plant height and height of ear insertion. The statistical and genetic analysis showed high significance of hybrids interactions and general and specific combine ability with the sites. In general, an improved production was observed for the evaluated characters at site 2 SAKATA/Sudameris. Comparing the tested hybrids with the commercial hybrid DO-04, at all the sites superior simple hybrids were developed for every evaluated character. In general, there was a good combination between a great number of inbred. For the dehusked ears production corrected for stand and 76% humidity character, the best CGC inbreds of group1 were 657; 750 e 656, and of group 2 were, 636; 628 e 333. It was possible to indicate the specific hybrids: (44)421 x 320 and (68)657 x 320, which have great potential for sweet corn breeding programs.

A batata-doce possui grande importância na alimentação humana e expressivo potencial para produção de etanol. A produção brasileira desta cultura é a 20ª no ranking mundial, com produção de 525.814 t em 2014, destacando-se o Rio Grande do Sul, responsável por 30,68% da produção do país. Shochu é a bebida alcoólica destilada mais consumida no Japão, produzida por destilação de fermentados de diversas fontes amiláceas, incluindo a batata-doce. Em sua fabricação é utilizado o koji, cultura sólida de fungos tradicional dos países asiáticos, mas que torna o processo produtivo lento e com alto risco de contaminação. Considerando a alta produtividade de batata-doce e a influência da cultura japonesa no Brasil, principalmente na culinária, percebe-se uma grande oportunidade de agregar valor a essa matéria-prima. Os objetivos deste trabalho são fazer o estudo de um processo alternativo - mais rápido e com menor risco de contaminação - para produção de destilado de batata-doce similar ao shochu, e a avaliação da viabilidade econômica para produção do mesmo. No processo alternativo proposto, o koji foi substituído pela enzima Stargen 002, mistura contendo alfa-amilase e glucoamilase, e utilizou-se uma pectinase para redução da viscosidade do meio. O tempo de processo reduziu de 14 dias para apenas 1 dia. As análises dos compostos de interesse foram realizadas por HPLC e GC. Quanto às matérias-primas, o teor de açúcares redutores totais foi maior na batata-doce de casca creme e polpa creme (30,42±1,54%), seguida pela batata-doce de casca púrpura e polpa creme (27,44±0,36%) e por último a batata-doce de casca rosada e polpa alaranjada (20,57±0,49%), e o teor de umidade seguiu a ordem inversa. Os resultados obtidos pelo processo padrão não foram satisfatórios em razão do baixo rendimento da fermentação alcoólica (40,59-42,51%) e da formação de compostos acima do limite da legislação, resultantes de fermentação acética. O rendimento experimental da fermentação alcoólica foi maior utilizando a levedura Angel Thermal Resistance Alcohol® (73,65%), seguida da Lalvin DV10® (70,39%) e por último a Lalvin EC1118® (67,31%), sendo maiores do que os obtidos com o uso das técnicas convencionais de produção de shochu, pois a não contaminação por bactérias acéticas no fermentado possibilitou maior rendimento em etanol. Por destilação em batelada, foram separadas frações de cabeça, coração e cauda, e em todas elas o componente álcool metílico mostrou-se acima dos limites da legislação. Realizou-se, então, experimento sem adição de pectinase, e o problema de formação de metanol foi eliminado. Entretanto, houve queda no rendimento da fermentação alcoólica (51,65-54,75%), indicando que a menor desintegração da batata-doce prejudica o andamento do processo fermentativo. Todos os compostos analisados mostraram-se dentro dos limites das normas vigentes. As frações cabeça e cauda foram descartadas e a fração coração foi diluída até teor alcoólico de 25% (v.v-1) e envasada. O destilado produzido, batizado de “Tchêchu”, e o shochu comercial apresentaram as mesmas bandas de adsorção em análise FTIR, identificando semelhança entre os mesmos. O custo de produção de uma garrafa (750 mL) de “Tchêchu” foi estimado em R$ 8,75. Com preço unitário de R$ 15,75 e utilizando-se a taxa SELIC (9,25% a.a.) como taxa mínima de atratividade, tem-se VPL de R$ 1.815.107,34, TIR de 26%, e payback descontado de 2,44 anos, o que mostra que a implantação de uma destilaria para produção de “Tchêchu” é economicamente viável. / Sweet potatoes have great importance in human food and have significant potential for ethanol production. The Brazilian production of this crop is the 20th in the world ranking, with production of 525,814 t in 2014, standing out Rio Grande do Sul, responsible for 30.68% of the country's production. Shochu is the most widely consumed spirit in Japan, produced by the distillation of fermented mash from a variety of starchy sources, including sweet potatoes. In its manufacture is used koji, a solid fungus culture traditional of the Asian countries, but that makes the productive process slow and at high risk of contamination. Considering the high productivity of sweet potatoes and the influence of Japanese culture in Brazil, a great opportunity to add value to this raw material is perceived. The objectives of this work are to study an alternative process - faster and with less risk of contamination - for the production of sweet potato distillate similar to shochu, and to study the economic viability analysis for its production. In the alternative process proposed, koji was replaced by the enzyme Stargen 002, a mixture containing alpha-amylase and glucoamylase, and a pectinase was used to reduce the viscosity of the medium. The process time reduced from 14 days to only 1 day. Analyzes of the compounds of interest were performed by HPLC and GC. Total reducing sugar content was higher in sweet potatoes with cream peel and cream pulp (30.42 ± 1.54%), followed by sweet potatoes with purple peel and cream pulp (27.44 ± 0.36%) and finally sweet potatoes with rose peel and orange pulp (20.57 ± 0.49%), and the moisture content followed the reverse order. The results obtained by the standard process were not satisfactory due to the low yield of alcoholic fermentation (40.59-42.51%) and the formation of compounds above the limit of the legislation, resulting from acetic fermentation. The experimental yield of alcoholic fermentation was higher using Angel Thermal Resistance Alcohol® (73.65%), followed by Lalvin DV10® (70.39%) and Lalvin EC1118® (67.31%), being higher than those obtained with the use of conventional methods of shochu production, since the non-contamination by acetic bacteria in the fermentation allowed a higher yield in ethanol. Fractions of head, heart and tail were separated by distillation, and in all of them the methyl alcohol component showed above the limits of the legislation. An experiment was performed without addition of pectinase, and the problem of methanol formation was eliminated. However, there was a decrease in the yield of alcoholic fermentation (51.65-54.75%), indicating that lower disintegration of sweet potatoes impairs the progress of the fermentation process. All compounds analyzed were within the limits of the current laws. Head and tail fractions were discarded and heart fraction was diluted up to 25% alcoholic strength (v.v-1) and bottled. The distillate produced, named "Tchêchu", and commercial shochu presented the same adsorption bands in FTIR analysis, identifying similarity between them. The cost of producing a bottle (750 mL) of "Tchêchu" was estimated at R $ 8.75. With a unit price of R$ 15.75 and using the SELIC rate (9.25%) as minimum acceptable rate of return there is a NPV of R$ 1,815,107.34, an IRR of 26%, and a discounted payback of 2.44 years, which shows that the implementation of a distillery to produce "Tchêchu" is economically viable.

AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF Thara G. Siddaramu, for the Master of Science degree in Civil and Environmental Engineering, presented on February 5, 2011, at Southern Illinois University Carbondale. TITLE: EVALUATION OF DIFFERENT PRETREATMENT APPROACHES FOR DISRUPTING LIGNOCELLULOSIC STRUCTURES MAJOR PROFESSOR: Dr. Yanna Liang There are two major steps in biofuel production- pretreatment of lignocellulosic materials and enzymatic hydrolysis. The present study investigated the ability of two pretreatment methods, namely traditional oven and microwave oven treatments for disrupting lignocellulosic structures. The substrates tested were Jatropha seed cake and sweet sorghum bagasse. In recent years, Jatropha curcas also known as physic nut or purging nut has attracted extensive attention due to its several unique characteristics. Similarly, sweet sorghum has the potential to provide great value to energy sectors and food industries being that the entire plant is rich in various sugars and nutrients. Both crops can adapt to various climates, and can withstand extended drought conditions compared to other crops. Additionally, both Jatropha seed cakes and sweet sorghum bagasse are good sources of lignin and carbohydrates, which could be used for production of biofuels only if the sugars can be unlocked. Several treatment methods such as mechanical, physical, chemical and biological treatments have been reported to breakdown the cellulosic structure of biomass. However, other low cost and quicker methods, such as ovenpretreatment and microwave irradiation have not been evaluated for Jatropha seed cake and Sweet Sorghum Bagasse (SSB), respectively. Composition change of Jatropha seed cake samples was evaluated upon lime pretreatment at 100 oC with different parameters. With a lime dose of 0.2 g and a water content of 10 ml per gram of cake and a treatment period of 1 h, 38.2 ± 0.6% of lignin was removed. However, 65 ± 16% of hemicellulose was also lost under this condition. For all the treatments tested, cellulose content was not affected by lime supplementation. Through further examining total reducing sugar (TRS) release by enzymatic hydrolysis after lime pretreatment, results indicated that 0.1 g of lime and 9 ml of water per gram of cake and 3 h pretreatment produced the maximal 68.9% conversion of cellulose. Without lime pretreatment, the highest cellulose conversion was 33.3%. Finally, this study shows that Jatropha seed cake samples could be hydrolyzed by enzymes. Even though the cellulose content was not high for this Jatropha cake sample, the fractionation by lime presented in this study opened the door for other applications, such as removal of lignin and toxicity for use as animal feed and fertilizer. The microwave radiation pretreatment of SSB was evaluated with or without lime (0.1 g/g bagasse) at 10 ml water/g bagasse for 4 min. TRS release over 72-h enzymatic hydrolysis was different for samples treated differently and at different solid loadings. The TRS concentration was increased by 2 and 5-fold from 0 to 24 hours in non lime-pretreated and lime-pretreated samples, respectively. Further incubation of samples for 48 and 72 h did not result in increased TRS. Comparing different solid loadings of samples treated with or without lime, 1% solid content resulted in 1.4 times higher TRS increase than that of 5% solid concentration. Therefore, lime was effective in disintegrating lignocellulosic structures and making cellulose more accessible for saccharification. Higher solid loadings which can lead to higher sugar concentrations are desired for downstream biofuel production. But, as shown in this study, higher concentration of bagasse samples decreased rate of cellulose hydrolysis due to poorer mixing efficiency and hindrance to interactions between enzymes and solid materials. Thus, an optimal solid content needs to be determined for maximal cellulose hydrolysis and for preparing the hydrolysates for downstream processes, either bioethanol or lipid production.

With recent emphasis on development of alternatives to fossil fuels, sincere attempts are being made on finding suitable lignocellulosic feedstocks for biochemical conversion to fuels and chemicals. Sweet Sorghum is among the most widely adaptable cereal grasses, with high drought resistance, and ability to grow on low quality soils with low inputs. It is a C4 crop with high photosynthetic efficiency and biomass yield. Since sweet sorghum has many desirable traits, it has been considered as an attractive feedstock. Large scale sweet sorghum juice extraction results in excessive amounts of waste sweet sorghum bagasse (SSB), which is a promising low cost lignocellusic feed stock. The ability of two pretreatment methods namely conventional oven and microwave oven pretreatment for disrupting lignocellulosic structures of sweet sorghum bagasse with lime [Ca(OH)2] and sodium hydroxide [NaOH] was evaluated. The primary goal of this study was to determine optimal alkali pretreatment conditions to obtain higher biomass conversion (TRS yield) while achieving higher lignin reduction for biofuel production. The prime objective was achieved using central composite design (CCD) and optimization of biomass conversion and lignin removal simultaneously for each alkali separately by response surface method (RSM). Quadratic models were used to define the conditions that separately and simultaneously maximize the response variables. The SSB used in this study was composed of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin in the percentage of 36.9 + 1.6, 17.8 + 0.6, and 19.5 + 1.1, respectively. The optimal conditions for lime pretreatment in the conventional oven at 100 °C was 1.7 (% w/v) lime concentration (=0.0024 molL-1), 6.0% (w/v) SSB loading, 2.4 hr pretreatment time with predicted yields of 85.6% total biomass conversion and 35.5% lignin reduction. For NaOH pretreatment, 2% (w/v) alkali (=0.005 molL-1), 6.8% SSB loading and 2.3 hr duration was the optimal level with predicted biomass conversion and lignin reduction of 92.9% and 50.0%, respectively. More intensive pretreatment conditions removed higher amount of hemicelluloses and cellulose. Microwave based pretreatments were carried out in a CEM laboratory microwave oven (MARS 6-Xpress Microwave Reactions System, CEM Corporation, Matthews, NC) and with varying alkali concentration(0.3 - 3.7 % w/v) at varying temperatures (106.4 - 173.6 °C), and length of time (6.6 - 23.4 min). The NaOH pretreatment was optimized at 1.8 (% w/v) NaOH, 143 °C, 14 min time with predicted yields of 85.8% total biomass conversion and 78.7% lignin reduction. For lime pretreatment, 3.1% (w/v) lime, 138 °C and 17.5 min duration was the optimal level with predicted biomass conversion and lignin reduction of 79.9% and 61.1%, respectively. Results from this study were further supported by FTIR spectral interpretation and SEM images.

Submitted by Luis Guilherme Macena (guilhermelg2004@gmail.com) on 2013-04-04T16:03:20Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria Aparecida Pereira Tristão.pdf: 1799657 bytes, checksum: c4af9346ee59889821645c72680ec0fc (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-04-04T16:03:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria Aparecida Pereira Tristão.pdf: 1799657 bytes, checksum: c4af9346ee59889821645c72680ec0fc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Fernandes Figueira. Departamento de Ensino. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde da Criança e da Mulher. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil / Objetivo: verificar se a conização por eletrodo reto (SWETZ) é uma alternativa superior à conização por alça (LLETZ-cone) para a redução de excisão incompleta. Método: ensaio clínico controlado e randomizado para comparação de duas técnicas de conização eletrocirúrgica: por alça (LLETZ-cone) e por eletrodo reto (SWETZ). Foram incluídas e randomizadas 164 mulheres, sendo que 82 foram alocadas para SWETZ e 82 para LLETZ-cone. Após exclusões, principalmente relacionadas ao diagnóstico histopatológico, restaram 106 pacientes para análise (52 no grupo da SWETZ e 54 para o da LLETZ-cone). Resultados: houve uma distribuição uniforme entre os grupos após a randomização e exclusões em termos de média de idade, paridade e tabagismo atual. O mesmo pode ser observado em termos de diagnóstico citopatológico prévio à conização e no diagnóstico hisptopatológico obtido na peça de conização, em ambos os casos predominando as lesões pré-invasivas de natureza escamosa. Observamos risco significativamente maior de margem endocervical comprometida ou prejudicada nas peças de conização resultantes da LLETZ-cone em relação à SWETZ (1,72; IC 95% 1,14-2,6), com redução absoluta do risco (RAR) de 26,4% (IC 95% 8,1-44,8) para as pacientes operadas pela SWETZ. Para cada cerca de 4 pacientes operadas por SWETZ uma a menos teve margem endocervical comprometida ou prejudicada em relação às operadas pela LLETZ-cone (NNT = 3,8; IC 95% 2,2-12,4). Não foram observadas diferenças significativas entre os grupos em termos de comprometimento ou prejuízo na avaliação de outras margens. Conclusão: Esse estudo mostrou uma proporção menor de margem endocervical comprometida ou prejudicada, nos espécimes resultantes da SWETZ em relação à LLETZ-cone. / Objective: To determine whether Straight Wire Excision of the Transformation Zone (SWETZ) is a superior alternative to conization by Large Loop Excision of the Transformation Zone (LLETZ-cone) to reduce incomplete excision. Method: randomized controlled trial comparing two techniques of electrosurgical conization: a loop conization (LLETZ-cone) and straight wire conization (SWETZ). Were enrolled and randomized 164 women, of which 82 were allocated to SWETZ and 82 for LLETZ-cone. After exclusions, mainly related to the histopathological diagnosis, 106 patients remained for analysis (52 in group SWETZ and 54 for the LLETZ-cone group). Results: There was an even distribution between the groups after randomization and exclusions in terms of mean age, parity and current smoking. The same can be observed in terms of prior cytological diagnosis and histopathological diagnosis obtained in cone specimen, in both cases predominating pre-invasive squamous lesions. We observed significantly higher risk of endocervical margin compromised or damaged in specimens resulting from the LLETZ-cone in relation to SWETZ (1.72, 95% CI 1.14 to 2.6), with an absolute risk reduction (ARR) of 26.4% (95% CI 8.1 to 44.8) for patients operated by SWETZ. For roughly every four patients operated by SWETZ, one less had endocervical compromised or impaired margin compared to operated by LLETZcone (NNT = 3.8, 95% CI 2.2 to 12.4). There were no significant differences between groups in terms of involvement or loss on the evaluation of other margins. Conclusion: This study showed a lower proportion of endocervical surgical margin compromised or damaged in specimens resulting from the LLETZ-cone in relation to SWETZ.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-11-11T12:07:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 dayvison_freitas_ioc_dout_2014.pdf: 5915307 bytes, checksum: a8cd2187aedf589e2dda9410eb3318b6 (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-06-10 / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil / Esporotricose é uma micose subcutânea causada pelo fungo dimórfico previamente descrito como uma única espécie, Sporothrix schenckii, agora entendido como um complexo de diferentes espécies de interesse clínico. A região metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro constitui área hiperendêmica de esporotricose zoonótica transmitida por gatos desde 1998. Clinicamente tem se caracterizado por formas clínicas pouco usuais, manifestações de hipersensibilidade e um número crescente de pacientes coinfectados com HIV. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar fatores epidemiológicos, micológicos, clínicos e terapêuticos associados às diversas formas clínicas de pacientes com esporotricose. Foram utilizados o banco hospitalar de registros de pacientes e o banco de cepas do laboratório de micologia do Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Evandro Chagas (IPEC), bem como técnicas de identificação genotípica e laboratoriais clássicas para determinação de virulência e fenótipo dos isolados fúngicos. Foi verificado que a dacriocistite aguda (quatro casos entre 2008 e 2010) é uma manifestação da esporotricose que evolui com complicações (fístula e dacriocistite crônica) necessitando reparação cirúrgica. A Síndrome de Sweet foi observada em três pacientes até 2010 e deve ser incorporada como manifestação de hipersensibilidade da esporotricose. As 12 gestantes com esporotricose entre 2005 e 2010 apresentaram boa evolução com termoterapia local. Na análise clínica e terapêutica de 21 casos de esporotricose e HIV, as formas clínicas variaram com o status imunológico dos pacientes e ocorreu resposta terapêutica em 81% dos casos. A investigação diagnóstica de doença sistêmica em pacientes com linfócitos T CD4+ < 200 células/\03BCL se impõe Na série histórica avaliada, com 48 pacientes com esporotricose e HIV e 3.570 com esporotricose, observamos que pacientes com HIV evoluíram com quadros mais disseminados, hospitalização e óbito. Na avaliação genotípica de 50 isolados, Sporothrix brasiliensis esteve associado às formas pouco usuais e aos casos de hipersensibilidade. O estudo de cinco isolados coletados ao longo de cinco anos em um paciente com quadro de esporotricose disseminada demonstrou aumento de virulência no isolado obtido após 11 anos de infecção (5 anos de tratamento no IPEC), quando utilizado Galleria mellonella como modelo in vivo, sugerindo uma adaptação do fungo ao hospedeiro neste período. Conclui-se que a esporotricose no Rio de Janeiro está relacionada ao surgimento de formas raras e inéditas. Da mesma forma, tem acometido pacientes infectados pelo HIV, com morbimortalidade, devendo ser incorporada como uma infecção oportunística na sua forma disseminada. S. brasiliensis, espécie envolvida na quase totalidade dos casos desta região, pode ter incremento em sua virulência ao longo dos anos, favorecendo sua sobrevida e dificultando a cura do paciente / Sporotrichosis is a subcutaneous mycosis caused by the dimorphic fungus previously described as a single species, Sporothrix schenckii , now understood as a complex of different species of clinical interest. The metropolitan region of Rio de Janeiro is an endemic area of zoonotic sporotrichosis transmitted by cat s since 1998. Clinically , it has been characterized by un usual clinical presentations , manifestations of hypersensitivity and a n increasing number of patients coinfected with HIV. This study aimed to evaluate epidemiological, mycological, clinical and therapeutic factors associated with different clinical aspect s of patients with sporotrichosis. The hospital database of patient records and the stock strains of the laboratory of mycology of Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Evandro Chagas (IPEC) were used , as well as techniques for genotypic identification and classic al laboratory tools for determination of virulence and phenotype of the fungal isolates. It was found that acute dacryocystitis (4 cases between 2008 and 2010) is a manifestation of sporotrichosis which evolves with complications (fistula and chronic dacry ocystitis) requiring surgical repair. Sweet syndrome was observed in three patients until 2010 and should be incorporated as a manifestation of hypersensitivity of sporotrichosis. The 12 pregnant women with sporotrichosis between 2005 and 2010 presented a good evolution with l ocal thermotherapy. In the clinical and therapeutical analysis of the 21 cases of sporotrichosis and HIV, the clinical forms varied with the immunological status of the patients , and a good therapeutic response was seen in 81% of the c ases. T he diagnostic investigation of systemic disease in immunosuppressed patients (CD4 + < 200 cells/ μ L) is required. In the historical series evaluated , with 48 patients with sporotrichosis and HIV , and 3,570 with sporotrichosis, it was seen that patient s with HIV evolved with more disseminated pictures , hospitalization and death. In the genotypic evaluation of 50 isolates, Sporothrix brasiliensis was associated with unusual aspects and cases of hypersensitivity. The study of five isolates collected over five years in a patient with disseminated sporotrichosis demonstrated increased virulence of the isolate obtained after 11 years of infection (5 years of treatment at IPEC) , when Galleria mellonella was used as an in vivo model , suggesting an adaptation of the fungus to the host within this period . In conclusion, sporotrichosis in Rio de Janeiro is related to the emergence of rare and novel aspects . On the same way, it has affect ed HIV - infect ed patients , with morbi mortality , and should be incorporated as an opportunistic infection on its disseminated form. S. brasiliensis , the species involved in almost all cases of this region , may have an increase in virulence over the years, favoring its survival and hindering the healing of the patient.