Yes / Recent studies have reported that quantifying symphyseal and auricular surfaces curvature changes on 3D models acquired by laser scanners have a potential for age estimation. However, no tests have been carried out to evaluate the repeatability of the results between different laser scanners. 3D models of the two pelvic joints were generated using three laser scanners (Custom, Faro, Minolta). The surface curvature, the surface area and the distance between co-registered meshes were investigated. Close results were found for surface areas (differences between 0.3% and 2.4%) and for distance deviations (average < 20 μm, SD < 200 μm). The curvature values were found to be systematically biased between different laser scanners, but still showing similar trends with increasing phases / scores. Applying a smoothing factor to the 3D models, it was possible to separate anatomy from the measurement error of each instrument, so that similar curvature values could be obtained (p < 0.05) independent of the specific laser scanner. / The full text was made available at the end of the publisher's embargo: 31st March 2016

L'estimation de l'âge au décès est une étape fondamentale de l'identification reconstructive en anthropologie médico-légale. La méthode de Brooks et Suchey est couramment utilisée et elle est basée sur l'observation des processus de maturation et de dégénérescence de la symphyse pubienne. Cependant, l'échantillon de référence peut avoir un effet sur l'estimation de l'âge. La méthode de Brooks et Suchey a été testée sur de nombreuses collections et les auteurs notent que l'estimation de l'âge est affectée par la variabilité interpopulationnelle. En outre, dans le domaine de la paléodémographie, les chercheurs ont mis en évidence que la structure par âge de l'échantillon cible avait tendance à ressembler à celle de l'échantillon de référence. Ainsi, les auteurs soulignent l'importance de disposer d'échantillons spécifiques à chaque population avec une répartition uniforme de l'âge. Ainsi pour l'estimation de l'âge au décès, ces critiques soulignent la nécessité de disposer de données spécifiques à la population française avec une structure par âge uniforme de l'échantillon de référence. Les techniques d'imagerie médicale, en particulier la tomodensitométrie, fournissent un moyen adapté pour développer une telle base de données. L'objectif de notre première étude était d'évaluer la fiabilité de la méthode de Brooks et Suchey sur un échantillon virtuel d'individus masculins français contemporains. Nous avons réalisé une étude rétrospective à partir de 680 symphyses pubiennes d'individus masculins adultes ayant bénéficié d'un examen tomodensitométrique dans deux hôpitaux (Toulouse et Tours, France) entre janvier 2013 et juillet 2014. Les résultats mettaient en évidence une surestimation de l'âge réel pour les stades I et II et une sous-estimation de l'âge réel pour les stades IV, V et VI. En outre, les stades moyens de l'échantillon de référence étaient significativement plus faibles pour le groupe d'âge de 14 à 25 ans et étaient significativement plus élevés pour les individus de plus de 35 ans. L'objectif de notre deuxième étude était de tester un échantillon de référence virtuel avec une structure par âge uniforme afin d'améliorer la précision de l'estimation de l'âge chez les individus de plus de 40 ans. Nous avons construit, de façon rétrospective, un échantillon de référence virtuel composé de 1100 symphyses pubiennes à partir d'examens tomodensitométriques réalisés dans deux hôpitaux entre janvier 2013 et juillet 2015. Un échantillon test composé de 75 symphyses pubiennes a été construit à partir d'examens tomodensitométriques post-mortem réalisés à l'Institut Médico-Légal de Montpellier (France).Comparativement à l'échantillon de référence de Brooks et Suchey, l'utilisation de notre échantillon a amélioré la précision pour les individus masculins de plus de 55 ans et une moindre sous-estimation pour les individus masculins de 56 à 70 ans. De la même façon, on notait une amélioration de la précision pour les individus féminins de plus de 70 ans et une moindre sous-estimation pour les individus féminins de plus de 55 ans. Les contributions de notre travail sont les suivantes : la méthode de Suchey-Brooks devrait être utilisée avec prudence en France, car l'estimation de l'âge est limitée par un manque de fiabilité liée à la variabilité interpopulationnelle. Nos résultats sont concordants avec les résultats précédents et les confirment pour la population française. À l'avenir, la méthode Suchey-Brooks pourrait bénéficier d'une actualisation de l'échantillon de références par la création de nouveaux échantillons spécifique à chaque population. Par ailleurs, notre travail a permis de présenter une large base de données de symphyses pubiennes pouvant constituer un échantillon de référence virtuel français qui pourrait permettre d'améliorer la fiabilité et la précision de l'estimation de l'âge au décès, en particulier chez les individus de plus de 40 ans. / Age at death estimation is a major step in forensic identification. The Suchey-Brooks' method is commonly used and based on observation of the maturation and degeneration processes of pubic symphysis. However, the reference sample may have an effect on the estimated age. The Suchey-Brooks' sample has been tested on numerous collections and the authors note that the estimated age is affected by the interpopulation variability. In addition, in the area of ??paleodemography, researchers found the age structure of the target sample tended to be similar to the reference sample. Thus, the authors highlight the importance of having samples "population specific" with a uniform distribution of age, especially for contemporary French individuals. Medical imaging techniques, particularly computed tomography, provide a suitable means for developing such a database. The aim of our first study was to test the reliability of the Suchey-Brooks' method on a virtual sample of contemporary French male individuals. We carried out a retrospective study of 680 pubic symphyses of adult male individuals who underwent a computed tomography examination in two hospitals (Toulouse and Tours, France) between January 2013 and July 2014. The results showed an overestimation of the actual age for phases I and II and an underestimation of the actual age for stages IV, V and VI. In addition, the mean stages of the reference sample were significantly lower for the 14 to 25 age group and were significantly higher for individuals over 35 years of age. The aim of our second study was to test a virtual reference sample with a uniform age structure in order to improve the accuracy of the age estimation in individuals over 40 years of age. We retrospectively built a virtual reference sample of 1100 pubic symphyses from CT scans carried out in two hospitals between January 2013 and July 2015. A test sample composed of 75 pubic symphyses was built from post-mortem computed tomography examinations performed at the forensic department of Montpellier (France). Compared to the Suchey-Brooks' reference sample, using our sample improved precision for male individuals over 55 years of age and a smaller underestimation for male individuals aged 56 to 70 years. Similarly, there was an improvement in accuracy for females over 70 and a smaller underestimation for females over 55 years of age. Contributions of our work are as follows: the Suchey-Brooks' method should be used with caution in France, as the age estimate is limited by a lack of reliability related to interpopulation variability. Our results are consistent with the previous results and confirm them for the French population. In the future, the Suchey-Brooks method could benefit from an update of the sample of references by creating new samples specific to each population. In addition, our work allowed us to present a large database of pubic symphyses that could constitute a virtual French reference sample that could improve the reliability and accuracy of the age at death estimation.

A case-control study was performed to evaluate the Swedish population-based symphysis fundus (SF) reference curves. The study included 242 small for gestational age (SGA) neonates (169 term and 73 preterm infants) as cases and 296 non-SGA infants as controls. Two Swedish SF curves were evaluated. In term pregnancies they showed a sensitivity of 32 % and 51 % and a specificity of 90 % and 83 %, respectively, at a cut-off level of &lt; - 2 SD from the mean according to the SF reference curve. The sensitivity for SGA was higher in preterm pregnancies (49 % and 58 %, respectively) and the first alarm below – 2 SD was noted before 32 weeks in 37 % and 43 % of the preterm pregnancies, respectively. (Study I) A study of self-administered SF measurements was designed to achieve more regular and frequent SF measurements. Thirty-three women with singleton, ultrasound dated pregnancies performed SF measurements on average 14 weeks from gestational week 20 to 25 until delivery. Self-administered SF measurements were higher and had higher variance than midwives’ measurements. Four consecutive SF measurements on each occasion can compensate for higher variance. Reliable self-administered SF measurements can be obtained. (Study II) Self-administered SF measurements from 191 women were used to construct absolute and relative SF growth references. The influence of fetal sex, maternal obesity and parity was assessed in regression models. The lnSF growth was statistically influenced by maternal obesity, and a borderline significance was recorded for fetal sex and parity. Statistical analysis and graphical displays show no evidence that the relative lnSF growth should be dependent on these variables. (Study III) To improve detection of infants with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) rather than SGA a new statistical model (the SR method) was used. The SR method was evaluated with SF measurements from 1122 pregnant women. The sensitivity for neonatal morbidity and SGA was low, between 6 and 36 % for SGA (&lt; -2SD). Neonates classified as SGA (&lt; -2SD and &lt; 10th percentile) had increased morbidity compared with the total study group. Neonates suspected to be SGA before delivery by the population-based SF measurement method had lower morbidity than those not suspected. The SR method was found not to improve detection of fetuses with increased morbidity or SGA neonates in this study. Better screening methods to detect IUGR and SGA prior to delivery are needed. (Study IV)

The distraction osteogenesis is a surgical technique used in the dentistry for the transversal discrepancies correction of the jaw, having as basic principle the intrinsic capacity of some tissue development when submitted to the stress caused by slow and continuous traction. To obtain the osteogenesis success, the distractors osteogenesis symphysianic have to minimize any bone parts displacement. This work had the purpose to evaluate the stability of a distractor symphysis through three-dimensional models of finite elements where different setting positions and different amounts of setting screws are evaluated. The stability was evaluated through the determination of vertical displacements in the load direction in the range of 20 up to 140 N. Additionally; the results of an experimental analysis had been used to adjust the numerical models of finite elements. It was observed that, for the load profile applied, the stability is not a function of setting screws number. The stiffness of the distractor at cut region was the cause of the differences between fixations. In the distractor lower position setting the displacements levels had been lesser, indicating a better distractor stability. / A distração osteogênica é uma técnica cirúrgica utilizada na Odontologia para a correção de discrepâncias transversais da mandíbula, tendo como princípio fundamental a capacidade intrínseca de alguns tecidos vivos de se desenvolverem quando submetidos à tensão provocada por tração lenta e contínua. Para se conseguir sucesso na osteosíntese, os distratores osteogênicos sinfiseanos têm que minimizar qualquer tipo de movimento entre os segmentos ósseos obtidos com o corte. Este trabalho tem por finalidade avaliar a estabilidade de um tipo de distrator da sínfise mentoniana através de modelos tridimensionais de elementos finitos onde são avaliadas diferentes posições de fixação e diferentes quantidades de parafusos de fixação. A estabilidade foi avaliada através da determinação dos deslocamentos verticais na direção do carregamento variando as cargas de 20 a 140 N. Paralelamente, foram utilizados os resultados de uma análise experimental para ajustar os modelos numéricos de elementos finitos. A análise indicou que, para o tipo de cargas aplicadas, a estabilidade não depende do número de parafusos de fixação e sim da rigidez do distrator na região do corte. Na posição de fixação inferior do distrator os níveis de deslocamentos foram menores, indicando uma melhor estabilidade do distrator. / Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica

Orientadores: Paulo Pinto Joazeiro, Stephen Hyslop / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-17T23:19:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rosa_RenataGiardini_D.pdf: 6665917 bytes, checksum: bfaa430fcdeef027dd2744caa78df851 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: A remodelação que a sínfise púbica (SP) sofre durante a prenhez, parto e pós-parto é um dos eventos importantes para o parto normal, e ocorre no trato reprodutor feminino como útero, cérvice uterina e sínfise púbica em alguns mamíferos. Durante a prenhez de alguns roedores ocorre um acentuado processo de remodelação da sínfise púbica (SP). No camundongo, esta articulação fibrocartilaginosa é gradativamente modificada, formando o ligamento interpúbico (LI) da etapa final da prenhez. Logo após o parto, este ligamento é rapidamente remodelado e o espaço entre os ossos púbicos se fecha, por volta do quinto dia pós-parto. Contudo, alterações no metabolismo celular durante o relaxamento da sínfise púbica do camundongo durante a prenhez, parto e pós-parto não foram extensivamente estudadas. Neste trabalho, foram utilizadas sínfises de camundongos virgens (V) e de animais prenhes como também no pós-parto. Os experimentos evidenciaram que as enzimas Metaloproteinases (MMPs) -2, -9, Tissue Inhibitors of Metalloproteinases (TIMPs) -1, -2 assim como as catepsinas B e K foram detectadas em todos os dias estudados. Por meio do Western Blotting foi observado que a MMP-8 teve sua maior expressão protéica no (12º Dia de prenhez) D12, onde as modificações da sínfise em ligamento se iniciam. Através da zimografia foi possível observar que as MMPs -2 e -9 tiveram suas atividades mais evidentes no início das modificações decorrentes da prenhez no D12, D15. Estas MMPs ainda se mantiveram em níveis mais altos de expressão/atividade até o final da prenhez quando comparados com o animal virgem. As catepsinas tiveram sua expressão mais alta no final da prenhez, porém a catepsina B não foi detectada em sua forma ativa sugerindo participação no processo de remodelação da sínfise, porém não tão significativa do que as MMPs. O teste de solubilidade evidenciou um aumento no conteúdo de água não significativo durante a prenhez com um ápice significativo durante o parto D19 quando comparado com o animal não prenhe. O conteúdo de colágeno não se alterou e nem a solubilidade do colágeno demonstrou modificações significativas durante a prenhez, excetuando-se o 24HPP (horas pós-parto) em relação a solubilidade de colágeno. O Western blotting demonstrou que tanto a concentração do colágeno I, da molécula C-propeptídeo e do Decorin não se alteraram significativamente durante a prenhez, parto e pós-parto. O FACE (Fluorophore-assisted carbohydrate electrophoresis) evidenciou aumento qualitativo de moléculas AH (Ácido Hialurônico) de maiores pesos moleculares no ligamento interpúbico no final da prenhez. Este ensaio permitiu observar que não há quebra de moléculas de AH durante a prenhez e pós-parto, como é observado na cérvice uterina. Quantitative real-time PCR (QRT-PCR) evidenciou alta expressão relativa do Hyaluronic acid synthases (Has) 1 e 2 diferente das hialuronidases que tiveram sua expressão relativamente baixa. Estes dados são condizentes com aqueles que mostraram que o AH de alto peso molecular encontrado na sínfise púbica do camundongo não sofreu digestão enzimática. Dentre os proteoglicanos, o Versican foi altamente expresso juntamente com Adamts 1 e 2 que estão envolvidas em sua ativação. De modo geral, a remodelação é facilitada por mudanças nas regulações traducionais, pós-traducionais de efetores multifuncionais que participam ativamente da remodelação da MEC (Matriz Extracelular) in vivo. A identificação de etapas finamente reguladas na maturação de componentes celulares e da matriz poderá proporcionar avanços no entendimento de processos que ocorrem na preparação para a parturição normal, como também prevenir disfunções da sínfise púbica durante a parturição / Abstract: The remodeling that the pubic symphysis (PS) goes through pregnancy, parturition and post-partum is an important event for normal birth, and occurs in the female reproductive tract such as uterus, cervix and pubic symphysis in some mammals. During pregnancy of some rodents an acentuated remodeling process occurs in the PS. In mice, this fibrocartilaginous joint is gradually modify, forming the interpubic ligament (IpL) by the end of pregnancy. Right after birth, this ligament is rapidly restored and the gap between the pubic bones closes, around the fifth day postpartum. However, changes in cellular metabolism during relaxation of the pubic symphysis of mice during pregnancy, birth and postpartum has not been extensively studied. In this work, we used symphysis of virgin mice and interpubic ligaments of pregnant animals as well as postpartum. The experiments showed that the enzymes Metalloproteinases (MMPs) -2, -9, Tissue Inhibitors of Metalloproteinases (TIMPs) -1, -2 as well as cathepsins B and K were detected at all studied days. By Western blotting it was observed that MMP-8 was most expressed on 12º Day of pregnancy (D12), where the pubic symphysis changes into changes ligament begin. The zymography observed that MMPs -2 and -9 activities were more evident in early pregnancy D12, D15. These MMPs remained at higher levels of expression/activity until the end of pregnancy when compared to virgin animal. Cathepsins had its highest expression in late pregnancy, but cathepsin B was not detected in its active form suggesting involvement in the remodeling of the symphysis, but not as significant as MMPs. The solubility test showed an increase in water content that was not significant during pregnancy with a significant peak during birth D19 compared to the non-pregnant animal. The collagen content did not change and neither the solubility of collagen showed significant changes during pregnancy excepting the 24HPP (hours postpartum) in respect to the solubility of collagen. Western blotting analysis showed that both type I collagen, the molecule Cpropeptide and decorin did not change significantly during pregnancy, birth and postpartum. FACE (fluorophore-assisted carbohydrate electrophoresis) showed a qualitative increase of HA molecule (Hyaluronic Acid) from higher molecular weights in the interpubic tissue at the end of pregnancy. This essay has observed that there is no breaking down of HA during pregnancy and postpartum, as observed in the uterine cervix. Quantitative real-time PCR (QRT-PCR) revealed high relative expression of Hyaluronic acid synthases (Has) 1 and 2 different from hyaluronidase that had relatively low expression. These data are consistent with those that showed high molecular weight of HA found in the pubic symphysis of mice suffered no brakes. Among the Proteoglycans, Versican was highly expressed along with ADAMTS 1 and 2 that are involved in its activation. In general, the remodeling is facilitated by changes in translational, post-translational regulations of multifunctional effectors that participate actively in the remodeling of ECM (extracellular matrix) in vivo. The identification of finely regulated steps in the maturation of cellular components and matrix could provide breakthroughs in the understanding of processes that occur in preparation for normal birth, but also prevent dysfunctions with the PS during parturition / Doutorado / Biologia Celular / Doutor em Biologia Celular e Estrutural

Orientadores: Paulo Pinto Joazeiro, Luiz Carlos Alves / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-27T05:21:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silva_MonicaMariaMoreira_D.pdf: 3522039 bytes, checksum: c8adbfe076ccc79eaa19efeb2f0d8fe7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: Em camundongos, a sínfise púbica (SP) é metabolicamente ativa durante a prenhez. As adaptações orquestradas por hormônios e a sobrecarga mecânica imposta na sínfise, que gradualmente dá lugar ao ligamento interpúbico (Lip) e ao seu "relaxamento" no final da prenhez permitem a passagem da prole pelo canal do parto. Tais modificações oferecem oportunidade para estudo de remodelação de tecidos semelhantes às que ocorrem nas disfunções e distopias do assoalho pélvico feminino. Estudaram-se características morfológicas, imunohistoquímica das proteínas Galectina-3(GAL3) e CartilageOligomericProtein Matrix (COMP) e o comportamento biomecânico, na SP de camundongos fêmeas adultas jovens, durante a primeira prenhez e após o parto por meio de técnicas histológicas convencionais, imunohistoquímica, microscopia de luz, eletrônica de transmissão e varredura. Nas análises da organização fibrilar utilizou-se transformada rápida de Fourier (FFT) e do comportamento biomecânico ensaio destrutivo de tração uniaxial em máquina de testes universal com velocidade constante e força progressiva nas SP/Lip de camundongos C57BL6 grupos: (NP-controle), 12, 15 e 19 dias (d) após a verificação do plug vaginal e no 30, 50 e 100dias após o parto (dpp). No ensaio de tração uniaxial, a força máxima necessária para o início da ruptura do tecido diminuiu no decorrer da prenhez, sendo o menor valor medido no dia do parto, aumentou a partir deste dia, e no 10dpp retornou a valores próximos aosdos animais NP. A energia total de ruptura (ETR) diminuiu no 12d e a partir de 15d aumentou até o 5dpp, no 10dpp, diminuiu porém se manteve menor que o NP. Na Imunolocalização das proteínas COMP e GAL3 foram detectadas em todos os grupos, com variações no tipo celular e na localização. A morfologia bicorne do útero de camundongos e o peso do útero com os filhotes alteram os estímulos mecânicos nos tecidos interpúbicos e contribuem para sua remodelação. No 3dpp, quando os estímulos mecânicos foram abruptamente retirados no parto, observaram-se organelas compostas por microtúbulos semelhante a cílio solitário não móvel, citado como organela mecanosensorial. O comportamento biomecânico dos tecidos interpúbicos durante a prenhez e após o parto foi coerente com a histoarquitetura destes e a imunolocalização das proteínas COMP e GAL-3, à medida que o comportamento biomecânico dos tecidos se modifica são indicativos que essas proteínas estão envolvidas no remodelamento de transições de elementos ósseos e ligamentares e fibrocatilaginosas durante a prenhez e após o parto. Este remodelamento que proporciona afastamento de ossos púbicos e a rápida recuperação que se inicia pós-parto, oferece suporte ao canal de parto de animais que possuem útero bicorne a exemplo do camundongo, morcego e cobaia / Abstract: In mice, the pubic symphysis (PS) is metabolically active during pregnancy. Adaptations orchestrated by hormones and mechanical overload that the symphysis goes through during this period, which gradually gives place to an interpubic ligament (IpL) and the relaxation at the end of pregnancy, allows the passage of offspring through the birth canal. Such changes provide an opportunity to study remodeling of tissues such as those that occur in disorders and dystopias of the female pelvic floor. We studied morphological, immunohistochemical analysis of galectin-3 (GAL3) and Cartilage Oligomeric Matrix Protein (COMP) proteins and the biomechanical behavior in young adult females PS mice during first pregnancy and postpartum (dpp) through conventional histological techniques, immunohistochemistry and light,transmition and scanning electron microscopies. In analyzes of fibrillar organization we used fast Fourier transform and the biomechanical behavior destructive tensile testing in a universal testing machine with constant speed and progressive force in the PS/IpL C57BL6 mice groups: (NP-control), 12, 15 and 19 days (d) after checking the vaginal plug and 3th, 5th and 10thpp. In tensile testing the maximum force required to initiate the rupture of the tissue decreased in the course of pregnancy, with the lowest value measured at day of birth, increasing from this day on and at the 10dpp returned to the NP individual¿s value.The total rupture energy (TRE) decreasesat d12 and increased from d15 until 5dpp, decreasing at the 10dpp but remained lower than the NP. Immunolocalization of COMP and GAL3 proteins were detected in all groups, with variations in cell type and location. The bicornuate uterus morphology of the mice and the weight of the uterus with cubs alter the mechanical stimuli in interpubic tissues, contribute to its remodeling. In 3dpp when mechanical stimuli were abruptly removed at birth. It was observed organelles consisting of microtubules that were similar to a solitary cilium quoted as mechanosensory organelle.The biomechanical behavior of interpubic tissues during pregnancy and after delivery was consistent with the histoarchitecture and immunolocalization of COMP and GAL-3 protein, as the biomechanical behavior of the tissue changes are indicative that these proteins are involved in the remodeling of transitions bony and ligamentous elements and fibrocartilaginous during pregnancy and after childbirth. This remodeling that provides removal of pubic bones and a quick postpartum recovery, offers birth canal support of animals that have bicornuate uterus such as the mouse, guinea pig and bat / Doutorado / Biologia Tecidual / Doutora em Biologia Celular e Estrutural

Previous studies have reported that the ageing method of Suchey-Brooks (pubic bone) and some of the features applied by Lovejoy et al. and Buckberry-Chamberlain (auricular surface) can be confidently performed on 3D visualizations from CT-scans. In this study, seven observers applied the Suchey-Brooks and the Buckberry-Chamberlain methods on 3D visualizations based on CT-scans and, for the first time, on 3D visualizations from laser scans. We examined how the bone features can be evaluated on 3D visualizations and whether the different modalities (direct observations of bones, 3D visualization from CT-scan and from laser scans) are alike to different observers. We found the best inter-observer agreement for the bones versus 3D visualizations, with the highest values for the auricular surface. Between the 3D modalities, less variability was obtained for the 3D laser visualizations. Fair inter-observer agreement was obtained in the evaluation of the pubic bone in all modalities. In 3D visualizations of the auricular surfaces, transverse organization and apical changes could be evaluated, although with high inter-observer variability; micro-, macroporosity and surface texture were very difficult to score. In conclusion, these methods were developed for dry bones, where they perform best. The Suchey-Brooks method can be applied on 3D visualizations from CT or laser, but with less accuracy than on dry bone. The Buckberry-Chamberlain method should be modified before application on 3D visualizations. Future investigation should focus on a different approach and different features: 3D laser scans could be analyzed with mathematical approaches and sub-surface features should be explored on CT-scans.

Yes / Previous studies have reported that the ageing method of Suchey-Brooks (pubic bone) and some of the features applied by Lovejoy et al. and Buckberry-Chamberlain (auricular surface) can be confidently performed on 3D visualizations from CT-scans. In this study, seven observers applied the Suchey-Brooks and the Buckberry-Chamberlain methods on 3D visualizations based on CT-scans and, for the first time, on 3D visualizations from laser scans. We examined how the bone features can be evaluated on 3D visualizations and whether the different modalities (direct observations of bones, 3D visualization from CT-scan and from laser scans) are alike to different observers. We found the best inter-observer agreement for the bones versus 3D visualizations, with the highest values for the auricular surface. Between the 3D modalities, less variability was obtained for the 3D laser visualizations. Fair inter-observer agreement was obtained in the evaluation of the pubic bone in all modalities. In 3D visualizations of the auricular surfaces, transverse organization and apical changes could be evaluated, although with high inter-observer variability; micro-, macroporosity and surface texture were very difficult to score. In conclusion, these methods were developed for dry bones, where they perform best. The Suchey-Brooks method can be applied on 3D visualizations from CT or laser, but with less accuracy than on dry bone. The Buckberry-Chamberlain method should be modified before application on 3D visualizations. Future investigation should focus on a different approach and different features: 3D laser scans could be analyzed with mathematical approaches and sub-surface features should be explored on CT-scans