<p>Today we are very much dependent on different kinds of real time systems. Usually,a real time system is a system which is interacting with a physical environmentwith sensors or activators. There are many advantages by replacing mechanicalcomponents with electrical ones. For instance, it is usually cheaper and possibleto add new functions to the device without replacing the electronic part, whichwould have been necessary with a mechanical one.The possibility of simulating a distributed system is used throughout the vehi-cle industry. With the simulation of connected sub systems, using modeled busesand real time kernels, one could increase the correctness of the behavior of the sys-tem and consequently decrease the amount of time spent later in the developingprocess.In this master thesis we used modeled CAN-buses and real time models tosimulate the connection and execution time of the systems. The simulation resultsare used to validate the functionality of the distributed system. Additionally, aworst-case response time analysis is made to set timing constraints on the systemto fulfill given deadlines.During the work, different settings of the network are tested to analyze thesystem frequency needed to sustain deadlines and correctness on the network.</p>

UWB is a promising technology for short-range high-rate wireless applicationa.It is able to providemaximal 480Mbps data-rate at a distance of 2 meters in realisticindoormulti-path environments. UWB technology is widely applied to the next generation WPAN as well as the wireless accessof consumer electronics at home. Recently, Multi-Band OFDM based UWB technology proposed by WiMedia has been selected as the international standard by ISO. In China, a new transmission architecture based on Dual-Carrier OFDM technology is adopted as UWB standard draft. Comparing to MB-OFDM based UWB system, DC-OFDM based UWB system has multiple advantages, like more spectrum resource,lower requirements on devices, etc. Besides, it is compatiblewith existing MB-OFDM based UWB technology. Therefore, DC-OFDM based UWB is more flexible. Synchronizationis the first step atthe receiver digital baseband, which is of tremendous importance in any wireless communication systems. The performance of synchronization directly determines whether the receiver can pick up radio signals correctly or not, whether the baseband modules can fulfill the digital signal processing effectively or not. The synchronization process in OFDM system can be briefly divided into two parts: symbol timing and frequency synchronization. Symbol timing serves to judge the starting position of OFDM symbolsafter considering the impact of multi-path fading channel.While the frequency synchronization estimates the multiple imperfections in analog front-end signal processing and make proper compensation. This thesis puts the emphasis on synchronization issues in DC-OFDM based UWB systems. We are the first to analyze the synchronization algorithm as well as the hardware implementation method tailored for DC-OFDM based UWB system. We also present the VLSI implementation result for synchronization module. The thesis consists of symbol timing and frequency synchronization. Regarding on the symbol timing, we analyze the impact of several synchronization errors inOFDM system. After that, we divide the synchronization process into four modulesby functionality: packet detection, coarse timing, TFC detection and fine timing. The internal parameters in each moduleare determined by system simulations. In the aspect of algorithm development, we adopt the joint auto-correlation and cross-correlation method to meet the requirements of UWB system in different indoor multi-path environments, and therefore achieve the robustness. In the aspect of hardware implementation, we put the attention on the structure of some key modules in symbol timing and their VLSI implementation result, such as auto-correlator, cross-correlator, real-number divider, etc. Regarding on the frequency synchronization, we first investigate the multiple analog front-end imperfections in OFDM system, like CFO, SFO and I/Q imbalance, and present their mathematics models respectively in DC-OFDM based UWB system.After that, we analyze the performance degradation in OFDM system due to these non-ideal effects by the metric of EVM. RF designer can build the connection between mismatching parameters and performance degradation by referring to the analysis. Hence, theRF designer is able to traceout the outline of system design. In the aspect of algorithm development, we explore the intrinsic character of I/Q imbalancewhich causes the image interference. Then, we design a set of new training sequences based on phase rotation and give the corresponding estimation algorithm.The simulation result shows that the new training sequence is able to obtain the diversity message introduced by I/Q imbalance and therefore achieve the diversity gain during demodulation process. In order to deal with the challenging situation where multiple analog front-end imperfections co-exist, we propose a joint estimation and compensation scheme. In the aspect of hardware implementation, we present the hardware structure of CFO estimation and compensation module catered for DC-OFDM based UWB system, with the emphasis on CORDIC unit that is responsible for triangle calculations. The VLSI implementation result shows that the proposed CFO estimation and compensation module satisfies the timing and resource requirements in DC-OFDM based UWB system. In the last, we present the prospective research area in 60-GHz applications. It includes multiplenon-ideal impairments, like phase noise, non-linear power amplification, DC offset, ADCs mismatch, etc. It is even more challenging to develop joint estimation and compensation scheme for these non-ideal effects.

京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第23158号 / 工博第4802号 / 新制||工||1751(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院工学研究科電気工学専攻 / (主査)教授 引原 隆士, 教授 大村 善治, 特定講師 木村 真之 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DFAM

Comunidades que vivem em regiões sem energia elétrica apresentam suas atividades sincronizadas pelo ciclo dia/noite e por compromissos sociais podendo haver uma diferença sazonal no comportamento. No ambiente urbano a energia elétrica cria a possibilidade de nos organizarmos temporalmente de acordo com os nossos interesses. Este comportamento tem sido apontado como uma das causas para a ausência de sazonalidade nos ritmos biológicos humanos. Este estudo fenomenológico naturalístico em índios Guarani que viviam em casas sem energia elétrica nos permitiu refletir sobre a presença de sazonalidade nos ritmos biológicos. O ritmo de temperatura do punho em 21 índios e o ciclo de atividade/repouso em 16 índios foram comparados entre o inverno e verão. O perfil temporal da temperatura não se alterou nas duas épocas, mas houve diferença nos valores de amplitude e MESOR que pode ser explicada pela variação sazonal do padrão de dissipação de calor através da pele. Não houve diferença entre o inverno e verão para os valores de acrofase, e os índios mais novos apresentaram horários de acrofase da temperatura mais tardios que os índios mais velhos. Do inverno para o verão observamos um atraso nos horários de repouso sem alteração significativa na duração. Não verificamos diferença nos horários e na duração do repouso entre os dias de semana e fins de semana. O padrão de atividade/repouso não apresentou relação com a duração/alocação da noite no inverno e verão e houve uma correlação negativa com os valores de temperatura do punho. Os índios adultos da Aldeia Boa Vista apresentam ritmos biológicos com características típicas de uma comunidade de transição. As atividades na aldeia são sincronizadas pelas diferentes relações sociais que se estabelecem em cada época do ano. / Communities living in areas without electricity present biological rhythms synchronized by the day/night cycle and social schedules; it seems possible to detect seasonal differences in their behaviour. In urban areas electricity allow us to organize our activities according to our interests. This behaviour has been pointed as a cause for the absence of seasonality in human biological rhythms. The present naturalistic phenomenological study of Guarani indians that living in no electricity houses allowed us to think about the presence of seasonality in biological rhythms. Wrist temperature and activity/rest rhythms of 21 indians were compared between winter and summer. The temperature profile did not change, but a seasonal difference was found for amplitude and MESOR values which may be related to metabolic-behavioral processes involved in thermoregulation. In summer the vasodilation is intense and the heat dissipation is maximum (with low variability), the opposite tends to occur in winter. We did not find seasonality in acrophase values between subjects, and we also found the same correlation described for urban populations: a phase advance of body temperature in the elderly. From winter to summer the onsets/offset of rest were delayed, with no change in rest duration. For the indians there was no difference in the schedules of rest/activity during the week. The activity/rest cycle was not determined by the day/night cycle but showed a significant correlation with wrist temperature. The adult indians of Boa Vista settlement showed typical characteristics in their biological rhythms of a transition community. The activities in the settlement are synchronized by singular relationships that take place in each season.

Comunidades que vivem em regiões sem energia elétrica apresentam suas atividades sincronizadas pelo ciclo dia/noite e por compromissos sociais podendo haver uma diferença sazonal no comportamento. No ambiente urbano a energia elétrica cria a possibilidade de nos organizarmos temporalmente de acordo com os nossos interesses. Este comportamento tem sido apontado como uma das causas para a ausência de sazonalidade nos ritmos biológicos humanos. Este estudo fenomenológico naturalístico em índios Guarani que viviam em casas sem energia elétrica nos permitiu refletir sobre a presença de sazonalidade nos ritmos biológicos. O ritmo de temperatura do punho em 21 índios e o ciclo de atividade/repouso em 16 índios foram comparados entre o inverno e verão. O perfil temporal da temperatura não se alterou nas duas épocas, mas houve diferença nos valores de amplitude e MESOR que pode ser explicada pela variação sazonal do padrão de dissipação de calor através da pele. Não houve diferença entre o inverno e verão para os valores de acrofase, e os índios mais novos apresentaram horários de acrofase da temperatura mais tardios que os índios mais velhos. Do inverno para o verão observamos um atraso nos horários de repouso sem alteração significativa na duração. Não verificamos diferença nos horários e na duração do repouso entre os dias de semana e fins de semana. O padrão de atividade/repouso não apresentou relação com a duração/alocação da noite no inverno e verão e houve uma correlação negativa com os valores de temperatura do punho. Os índios adultos da Aldeia Boa Vista apresentam ritmos biológicos com características típicas de uma comunidade de transição. As atividades na aldeia são sincronizadas pelas diferentes relações sociais que se estabelecem em cada época do ano. / Communities living in areas without electricity present biological rhythms synchronized by the day/night cycle and social schedules; it seems possible to detect seasonal differences in their behaviour. In urban areas electricity allow us to organize our activities according to our interests. This behaviour has been pointed as a cause for the absence of seasonality in human biological rhythms. The present naturalistic phenomenological study of Guarani indians that living in no electricity houses allowed us to think about the presence of seasonality in biological rhythms. Wrist temperature and activity/rest rhythms of 21 indians were compared between winter and summer. The temperature profile did not change, but a seasonal difference was found for amplitude and MESOR values which may be related to metabolic-behavioral processes involved in thermoregulation. In summer the vasodilation is intense and the heat dissipation is maximum (with low variability), the opposite tends to occur in winter. We did not find seasonality in acrophase values between subjects, and we also found the same correlation described for urban populations: a phase advance of body temperature in the elderly. From winter to summer the onsets/offset of rest were delayed, with no change in rest duration. For the indians there was no difference in the schedules of rest/activity during the week. The activity/rest cycle was not determined by the day/night cycle but showed a significant correlation with wrist temperature. The adult indians of Boa Vista settlement showed typical characteristics in their biological rhythms of a transition community. The activities in the settlement are synchronized by singular relationships that take place in each season.

Today we are very much dependent on different kinds of real time systems. Usually,a real time system is a system which is interacting with a physical environmentwith sensors or activators. There are many advantages by replacing mechanicalcomponents with electrical ones. For instance, it is usually cheaper and possibleto add new functions to the device without replacing the electronic part, whichwould have been necessary with a mechanical one.The possibility of simulating a distributed system is used throughout the vehi-cle industry. With the simulation of connected sub systems, using modeled busesand real time kernels, one could increase the correctness of the behavior of the sys-tem and consequently decrease the amount of time spent later in the developingprocess.In this master thesis we used modeled CAN-buses and real time models tosimulate the connection and execution time of the systems. The simulation resultsare used to validate the functionality of the distributed system. Additionally, aworst-case response time analysis is made to set timing constraints on the systemto fulfill given deadlines.During the work, different settings of the network are tested to analyze thesystem frequency needed to sustain deadlines and correctness on the network.

Aquesta tesi gira al voltant del disseny de receptors per a sistemes globals de navegació per satèl·lit (Global Navigation Satellite Systems, GNSS). El terme GNSS fa referència a tots aquells sistemes de navegació basats en una constel·lació de satèl·lits que emeten senyals de navegació útils per a posicionament. El més popular és l'americà GPS, emprat globalment. Els esforços d'Europa per a tenir un sistema similar veuran el seu fruit en un futur proper, el sistema s'anomena Galileo. Altres sistemes globals i regionals existeixen dissenyats per al mateix objectiu: calcular la posició dels receptors. Inicialment la tesi presenta l'estat de l'art en GNSS, a nivell de l'estructura dels actuals senyals de navegació i pel que fa a l'arquitectura dels receptors.El disseny d'un receptor per a GNSS consta d'un seguit de blocs funcionals. Començant per l'antena receptora fins al càlcul final de la posició del receptor, el disseny proporciona una gran motivació per a la recerca en diversos àmbits. Tot i que la cadena de Radiofreqüència del receptor també és comentada a la tesis, l'objectiu principal de la recerca realitzada recau en els algorismes de processament de senyal emprats un cop realitzada la digitalització del senyal rebut. En un receptor per a GNSS, aquests algorismes es poden dividir en dues classes: els de sincronisme i els de posicionament. Aquesta classificació correspon als dos grans processos que típicament realitza el receptor. Primer, s'estima la distancia relativa entre el receptor i el conjunt de satèl·lits visibles. Aquestes distancies es calculen estimant el retard patit pel senyal des de que és emès pel corresponent satèl·lit fins que és rebut pel receptor. De l'estimació i seguiment del retard se n'encarrega l'algorisme de sincronisme. Un cop calculades la distancies relatives als satèl·lits, multiplicant per la velocitat de la llum el retards estimats, l'algorisme de posicionament pot operar. El posicionament es realitza típicament pel procés de trilateralització: intersecció del conjunt d'esferes centrades als satèl·lits visibles i de radi les distancies estimades relatives al receptor GNSS. Així doncs, sincronització i posicionament es realitzen de forma seqüencial i ininterrompudament. La tesi fa contribucions a ambdues parts, com explicita el subtítol del document.Per una banda, la tesi investiga l'ús del filtrat Bayesià en el seguiment dels paràmetres de sincronisme (retards, desviaments Doppler i phases de portadora) del senyal rebut. Una de les fonts de degradació de la precisió en receptors GNSS és la presència de repliques del senyal directe, degudes a rebots en obstacles propers. És per això que els algorismes proposats en aquesta part de la tesi tenen com a objectiu la mitigació de l'efecte multicamí. La dissertació realitza una introducció dels fonaments teòrics del filtrat Bayesià, incloent un recull dels algorismes més populars. En particular, el Filtrat de Partícules (Particle Filter, PF) s'estudia com una de les alternatives més interessants actualment per a enfrontar-se a sistemes no-lineals i/o no-Gaussians. Els PF són mètodes basats en el mètode de Monte Carlo que realitzen una caracterització discreta de la funció de probabilitat a posteriori del sistema. Al contrari d'altres mètodes basats en simulacions, els PF tenen resultats de convergència que els fan especialment atractius en casos on la solució òptima no es pot trobar. En aquest sentit es proposa un PF que incorpora un seguit de característiques que el fan assolir millors prestacions i robustesa que altres algorismes, amb un nombre de partícules reduït. Per una banda, es fa un seguiment dels estats lineals del sistema mitjançant un Filtre de Kalman (KF), procediment conegut com a Rao-Blackwellization. Aquest fet provoca que la variància de les partícules decreixi i que un menor nombre d'elles siguin necessàries per a assolir una certa precisió en l'estimació de la distribució a posteriori. D'altra banda, un dels punts crítics en el disseny de PF és el disseny d'una funció d'importància (emprada per a generar les partícules) similar a l'òptima, que resulta ésser el posterior. Aquesta funció òptima no està disponible en general. En aquesta tesi, es proposa una aproximació de la funció d'importància òptima basada en el mètode de Laplace. Paral·lelament es proposen algorismes com l'Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) i l'Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF), comparant-los amb el PF proposat mitjançant simulacions numèriques.Per altra banda, la presentació d'un nou enfocament al problema del posicionament és una de les aportacions originals de la tesi. Si habitualment els receptors operen en dos passos (sincronització i posicionament), la proposta de la tesi rau en l'Estimació Directa de la Posició (Direct Position Estimation, DPE) a partir del senyal digital. Tenint en compte la novetat del mètode, es proporcionen motivacions qualitatives i quantitatives per a l'ús de DPE enfront al mètode convencional de posicionament. Se n'ha estudiat l'estimador de màxima versemblança (Maximum Likelihood, ML) i un algorisme per a la seva implementació pràctica basat en l'algorisme Accelerated Random Search (ARS). Els resultats de les simulacions numèriques mostren la robustesa de DPE a escenaris on el mètode convencional es veu degradat, com per exemple el cas d'escenaris rics en multicamí. Una de les reflexions fruit dels resultats és que l'ús conjunt dels senyals provinents dels satèl·lits visibles proporciona millores en l'estimació de la posició, doncs cada senyal està afectada per un canal de propagació independent. La tesi també presenta l'extensió de DPE dins el marc Bayesià: Bayesian DPE (BDPE). BDPE manté la filosofia de DPE, tot incloent-hi possibles fonts d'informació a priori referents al moviment del receptor. Es comenten algunes de les opcions com l'ús de sistemes de navegació inercials o la inclusió d'informació atmosfèrica. Tot i així, cal tenir en compte que la llista només està limitada per la imaginació i l'aplicació concreta on el marc BDPE s'implementi.Finalment, la tesi els límits teòrics en la precisió dels receptors GNSS. Alguns d'aquests límits teòrics eren ja coneguts, d'altres veuen ara la llum. El límit de Cramér-Rao (Cramér-Rao Bound, CRB) ens prediu la mínima variància que es pot obtenir en estimar un paràmetre mitjançant un estimador no esbiaixat. La tesi recorda el CRB dels paràmetres de sincronisme, resultat ja conegut. Una de les aportacions és la derivació del CRB de l'estimador de la posició pel cas convencional i seguint la metodologia DPE. Aquests resultats proporcionen una comparativa asimptòtica dels dos procediments pel posicionament de receptors GNSS. D'aquesta manera, el CRB de sincronisme pel cas Bayesià (Posterior Cramér-Rao Bound, PCRB) es presenta, com a límit teòric dels filtres Bayesians proposats en la tesi. / This dissertation deals with the design of satellite-based navigation receivers. The term Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) refers to those navigation systems based on a constellation of satellites, which emit ranging signals useful for positioning. Although the american GPS is probably the most popular, the european contribution (Galileo) will be operative soon. Other global and regional systems exist, all with the same objective: aid user's positioning. Initially, the thesis provides the state-of-the-art in GNSS: navigation signals structure and receiver architecture. The design of a GNSS receiver consists of a number of functional blocks. From the antenna to the final position calculation, the design poses challenges in many research areas. Although the Radio Frequency chain of the receiver is commented in the thesis, the main objective of the dissertation is on the signal processing algorithms applied after signal digitation. These algorithms can be divided into two: synchronization and positioning. This classification corresponds to the two main processes typically performed by a GNSS receiver. First, the relative distance between the receiver and the set of visible satellites is estimated. These distances are calculated after estimating the delay suffered by the signal traveling from its emission at the corresponding satellite to its reception at the receiver's antenna. Estimation and tracking of these parameters is performed by the synchronization algorithm. After the relative distances to the satellites are estimated, the positioning algorithm starts its operation. Positioning is typically performed by a process referred to as trilateration: intersection of a set of spheres centered at the visible satellites and with radii the corresponding relative distances. Therefore, synchronization and positioning are processes performed sequentially and in parallel. The thesis contributes to both topics, as expressed by the subtitle of the dissertation.On the one hand, the thesis delves into the use of Bayesian filtering for the tracking of synchronization parameters (time-delays, Doppler-shifts and carrier-phases) of the received signal. One of the main sources of error in high precision GNSS receivers is the presence of multipath replicas apart from the line-of-sight signal (LOSS). Wherefore the algorithms proposed in this part of the thesis aim at mitigating the multipath effect on synchronization estimates. The dissertation provides an introduction to the basics of Bayesian filtering, including a compendium of the most popular algorithms. Particularly, Particle Filters (PF) are studied as one of the promising alternatives to deal with nonlinear/nonGaussian systems. PF are a set of simulation-based algorithms, based on Monte-Carlo methods. PF provide a discrete characterization of the posterior distribution of the system. Conversely to other simulation-based methods, PF are supported by convergence results which make them attractive in cases where the optimal solution cannot be analytically found. In that vein, a PF that incorporates a set of features to enhance its performance and robustness with a reduced number of particles is proposed. First, the linear part of the system is optimally handled by a Kalman Filter (KF), procedure referred to as Rao-Blackwellization. The latter causes a reduction on the variance of the particles and, thus, a reduction on the number of required particles to attain a given accuracy when characterizing the posterior distribution. A second feature is the design of an importance density function (from which particles are generated) close to the optimal, not available in general. The selection of this function is typically a key issue in PF designs. The dissertation proposes an approximation of the optimal importance function using Laplace's method. In parallel, Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) and Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF) algorithms are considered, comparing these algorithms with the proposed PF by computer simulations.On the other hand, a novel point of view in the positioning problem constitutes one of the original contributions of the thesis. Whereas conventional receivers operate in a two-steps procedure (synchronization and positioning), the proposal of the thesis is a Direct Position Estimation (DPE) from the digitized signal. Considering the novelty of the approach, the dissertation provides both qualitative and quantitative motivations for the use of DPE instead of the conventional two-steps approach. DPE is studied following the Maximum Likelihood (ML) principle and an algorithm based on the Accelerated Random Search (ARS) is considered for a practical implementation of the derived estimator. Computer simulation results carried show the robustness of DPE in scenarios where the conventional approach fails, for instance in multipath-rich scenarios. One of the conclusions of the thesis is that joint processing of satellite's signals provides enhance positioning performances, due to the independent propagation channels between satellite links. The dissertation also presents the extension of DPE to the Bayesian framework: Bayesian DPE (BDPE). BDPE maintains DPE's philosophy, including the possibility of accounting for sources of side/prior information. Some examples are given, such as the use of Inertial Measurement Systems and atmospheric models. Nevertheless, we have to keep in mind that the list is only limited by imagination and the particular applications were BDPE is implemented. Finally, the dissertation studied the theoretical lower bounds of accuracy of GNSS receivers. Some of those limits were already known, others see the light as a result of the research reported in the dissertation. The Cramér-Rao Bound (CRB) is the theoretical lower bound of accuracy of any unbiased estimator of a parameter. The dissertation recalls the CRB of synchronization parameters, result already known. A novel contribution ofthe thesis is the derivation of the CRB of the position estimator for either conventional and DPE approaches. These results provide an asymptotical comparison of both GNSS positioning approaches. Similarly, the CRB of synchronization parameters for the Bayesian case (Posterior Cramér-Rao Bound, PCRB) is given, used as a fundamental limit of the Bayesian filters proposed in the thesis.

É notável o avanço da utilização de aplicações multimídia nos diversos setores da atividade humana. Independente da área, seja ela educação ou entretenimento, a possibilidade de agregar recursos dinâmicos como áudio e vídeo aos já largamente utilizados como texto e imagem acarreta em benefícios aos usuários destas aplicações. Além disso, com a popularização da Internet, ha uma crescente demanda pela sua execução em ambientes distribuídos. Este trabalho teve como objetivo desenvolver MUSE, um ambiente gráfico para modelagem de aplicações multimídia interativas. Através de uma interface gráfica avançada e de um novo modelo de autoria de alto nível, e possível a criação de sistemas complexos de forma rápida e intuitiva. 0 modelo de autoria proposto neste trabalho e adotado pelo ambiente prevê a possibilidade de os elementos que constituem a aplicação estarem dispersos em uma rede de computadores, permitindo a definição de limiares aceitáveis de atraso e componentes alternativos. Pela grande expressividade do modelo, no entanto, podem ser geradas especificações com inconsistências lógicas e temporais. Por esta razão, o ambiente prove ainda especificações E-LOTOS - uma extensão temporal de LOTOS - utilizadas para fins de analise e verificação, permitindo a validação dos requisitos temporais das aplicações definidas pelo autor. A formalização das especificações através de uma TDF, além de viabilizar sua validação, prove descrições sem ambigüidades, que podem ser alternativamente utilizadas por autores que sejam familiarizados com a técnica de descrição formal. Este trabalho é parte do projeto DAMD (Design de Aplicações Multimídia Distribuídas) dentro do programa PROTEM fase 2, que tem por objetivo fornecer uma metodologia que cubra o ciclo completo das aplicações multimídia distribuídas e que permita a um autor não especializado em métodos formais desenvolver essas aplicações naturalmente. / It is notable the advance of multimedia applications utilization in several fields of human activity. Independent from the area, whether education or entertainment, the possibility to aggregate dynamic resources like audio and video to the ones already widely used like text and image results in benefits to the users of such applications. Besides, with the popularization of the Internet, there is an increasing demand for their execution in distributed environments. This work presents MUSE, a graphical environment for modeling interactive multimedia applications. Through an advanced graphic interface and a new high-level authoring model, it is possible to create complex systems in a fast and intuitive way. The authoring model proposed in this work and adopted by the tool deals with media objects distributed in a computer network, allowing the definition of acceptable delay thresholds and alternative media objects. Due to the large expressiveness of the model, however, specifications can be generated with logical and temporary inconsistencies. For this reason, the tool also provides E-LOTOS specifications used with the purpose of analyzing and verifying the applications aiming at validating the temporal requirements defined by the author. The formalization of the specifications by means of a TDF, beyond making their validation possible, provides descriptions free of ambiguities, which may be alternatively used by authors familiarized with the formal description technique. This work is part of DAMD (Distributed Multimedia Applications Design) project, sponsored by the Brazilian research council. Its main objectives are to provide a methodology to completely cover the distributed multimedia applications development cycle and to allow authors who are not expert in formal methods to easily develop their applications.

É notável o avanço da utilização de aplicações multimídia nos diversos setores da atividade humana. Independente da área, seja ela educação ou entretenimento, a possibilidade de agregar recursos dinâmicos como áudio e vídeo aos já largamente utilizados como texto e imagem acarreta em benefícios aos usuários destas aplicações. Além disso, com a popularização da Internet, ha uma crescente demanda pela sua execução em ambientes distribuídos. Este trabalho teve como objetivo desenvolver MUSE, um ambiente gráfico para modelagem de aplicações multimídia interativas. Através de uma interface gráfica avançada e de um novo modelo de autoria de alto nível, e possível a criação de sistemas complexos de forma rápida e intuitiva. 0 modelo de autoria proposto neste trabalho e adotado pelo ambiente prevê a possibilidade de os elementos que constituem a aplicação estarem dispersos em uma rede de computadores, permitindo a definição de limiares aceitáveis de atraso e componentes alternativos. Pela grande expressividade do modelo, no entanto, podem ser geradas especificações com inconsistências lógicas e temporais. Por esta razão, o ambiente prove ainda especificações E-LOTOS - uma extensão temporal de LOTOS - utilizadas para fins de analise e verificação, permitindo a validação dos requisitos temporais das aplicações definidas pelo autor. A formalização das especificações através de uma TDF, além de viabilizar sua validação, prove descrições sem ambigüidades, que podem ser alternativamente utilizadas por autores que sejam familiarizados com a técnica de descrição formal. Este trabalho é parte do projeto DAMD (Design de Aplicações Multimídia Distribuídas) dentro do programa PROTEM fase 2, que tem por objetivo fornecer uma metodologia que cubra o ciclo completo das aplicações multimídia distribuídas e que permita a um autor não especializado em métodos formais desenvolver essas aplicações naturalmente. / It is notable the advance of multimedia applications utilization in several fields of human activity. Independent from the area, whether education or entertainment, the possibility to aggregate dynamic resources like audio and video to the ones already widely used like text and image results in benefits to the users of such applications. Besides, with the popularization of the Internet, there is an increasing demand for their execution in distributed environments. This work presents MUSE, a graphical environment for modeling interactive multimedia applications. Through an advanced graphic interface and a new high-level authoring model, it is possible to create complex systems in a fast and intuitive way. The authoring model proposed in this work and adopted by the tool deals with media objects distributed in a computer network, allowing the definition of acceptable delay thresholds and alternative media objects. Due to the large expressiveness of the model, however, specifications can be generated with logical and temporary inconsistencies. For this reason, the tool also provides E-LOTOS specifications used with the purpose of analyzing and verifying the applications aiming at validating the temporal requirements defined by the author. The formalization of the specifications by means of a TDF, beyond making their validation possible, provides descriptions free of ambiguities, which may be alternatively used by authors familiarized with the formal description technique. This work is part of DAMD (Distributed Multimedia Applications Design) project, sponsored by the Brazilian research council. Its main objectives are to provide a methodology to completely cover the distributed multimedia applications development cycle and to allow authors who are not expert in formal methods to easily develop their applications.

É notável o avanço da utilização de aplicações multimídia nos diversos setores da atividade humana. Independente da área, seja ela educação ou entretenimento, a possibilidade de agregar recursos dinâmicos como áudio e vídeo aos já largamente utilizados como texto e imagem acarreta em benefícios aos usuários destas aplicações. Além disso, com a popularização da Internet, ha uma crescente demanda pela sua execução em ambientes distribuídos. Este trabalho teve como objetivo desenvolver MUSE, um ambiente gráfico para modelagem de aplicações multimídia interativas. Através de uma interface gráfica avançada e de um novo modelo de autoria de alto nível, e possível a criação de sistemas complexos de forma rápida e intuitiva. 0 modelo de autoria proposto neste trabalho e adotado pelo ambiente prevê a possibilidade de os elementos que constituem a aplicação estarem dispersos em uma rede de computadores, permitindo a definição de limiares aceitáveis de atraso e componentes alternativos. Pela grande expressividade do modelo, no entanto, podem ser geradas especificações com inconsistências lógicas e temporais. Por esta razão, o ambiente prove ainda especificações E-LOTOS - uma extensão temporal de LOTOS - utilizadas para fins de analise e verificação, permitindo a validação dos requisitos temporais das aplicações definidas pelo autor. A formalização das especificações através de uma TDF, além de viabilizar sua validação, prove descrições sem ambigüidades, que podem ser alternativamente utilizadas por autores que sejam familiarizados com a técnica de descrição formal. Este trabalho é parte do projeto DAMD (Design de Aplicações Multimídia Distribuídas) dentro do programa PROTEM fase 2, que tem por objetivo fornecer uma metodologia que cubra o ciclo completo das aplicações multimídia distribuídas e que permita a um autor não especializado em métodos formais desenvolver essas aplicações naturalmente. / It is notable the advance of multimedia applications utilization in several fields of human activity. Independent from the area, whether education or entertainment, the possibility to aggregate dynamic resources like audio and video to the ones already widely used like text and image results in benefits to the users of such applications. Besides, with the popularization of the Internet, there is an increasing demand for their execution in distributed environments. This work presents MUSE, a graphical environment for modeling interactive multimedia applications. Through an advanced graphic interface and a new high-level authoring model, it is possible to create complex systems in a fast and intuitive way. The authoring model proposed in this work and adopted by the tool deals with media objects distributed in a computer network, allowing the definition of acceptable delay thresholds and alternative media objects. Due to the large expressiveness of the model, however, specifications can be generated with logical and temporary inconsistencies. For this reason, the tool also provides E-LOTOS specifications used with the purpose of analyzing and verifying the applications aiming at validating the temporal requirements defined by the author. The formalization of the specifications by means of a TDF, beyond making their validation possible, provides descriptions free of ambiguities, which may be alternatively used by authors familiarized with the formal description technique. This work is part of DAMD (Distributed Multimedia Applications Design) project, sponsored by the Brazilian research council. Its main objectives are to provide a methodology to completely cover the distributed multimedia applications development cycle and to allow authors who are not expert in formal methods to easily develop their applications.