Dentre as fontes renováveis de energia, os biocombustíveis têm apresentado amplo destaque como alternativa sustentável e potenciais substitutos aos combustíveis fósseis, e são vistos por muitos decisores políticos e cientistas como recursos de baixo impacto ambiental e de boa rentabilidade econômica. No Brasil o biocombustível que tem apresentado maior destaque tem sido o etanol da cana-de-açúcar. Entretanto, existem questionamentos sobre sua produção e consumo. De um lado ocorrem ganhos pelo fato desta ser uma atividade energética renovável, mas por outro lado, observa-se a ocorrência de degradações sociais e ambientais, derivadas da monocultura extensiva, bem como, problemas econômicos de instabilidade de mercado. Ademais, é importante considerar a existência de uma rede de atores políticos, técnicos e de consumidores relacionados ao processo de tomada de decisão, processos econômicos e às questões sociais e ambientais. Estes agentes podem influenciar de forma direta e/ou indireta no futuro da cana-de-açúcar no Brasil. A interação entre estes vários elementos torna complexa a realidade do setor e potencializa as várias preocupações sobre a evolução da atividade. Desse modo, postular a sustentabilidade como uma característica fundamental para a atividade, tem se apresentado como um difícil, porém importante desafio. Um dos aspectos essenciais para responder a estes desafios, é a avaliação de sustentabilidade. Porém muitas das ferramentas de avaliação possuem limitações em contemplar critérios de sustentabilidade de maneira sistêmica. Com a gama de opções existentes, a decisão pela adoção de métodos de avaliação de sustentabilidade também se apresenta complexa, já que cada ferramenta \"abraça\" uma visão especifica de mundo, de sustentabilidade, de valores, de acordo com suas teorias, abordagens e conceitos. Nesse sentido, esta tese se concentrou na pergunta sobre como estas questões de complexidade são consideradas no processo de seleção dos modelos de avaliação, bem como, de que forma estes modelos são escolhidos e, assim propôs, por meio da elaboração de procedimentos e critérios sistêmicos, uma estrutura analítica de seleção de modelos e/ou ferramentas de avaliação de sustentabilidade. Para tanto, a pesquisa: utilizou-se do arcabouço teórico da teoria geral de sistemas e da avaliação de sustentabilidade; realizou uma análise contextual e identificou pontos de intervenção para o sistema e a complexidade envolvida na temática do etanol de cana-de-açúcar; identificou pontos críticos envolvidos nos processos de operacionalização do conceito de sustentabilidade e sua avaliação e, levantou atributos necessários a elaboração dos critérios sistêmicos. Por fim, a pesquisa concluiu que não se observa uma adequada aderência entre os modelos de análise e sua seleção, prejudicando a operacionalidade da sustentabilidade e sua avaliação. Com tal estrutura é possível fornecer subsídios ao processo de tomada de decisão e à formulação e/ou avaliação de políticas públicas voltadas à para a sustentabilidade do setor. / Amongst the renewable energy sources, the biofuels have presented extent prominence as a sustainable alternative, ever since they present themselves as potential substitutes to fossil fuels and have been considered, by many policy makers and scientists, as low environmental impact and good economic profitability resources. In Brazil, the sugarcane ethanol is the biofuel which has had greater highlighting. However, there are some discussions about its production and consumption. On the one hand gains occur since the pollution decline and on account of ethanol is a renewable energy. On the other, it is observed the occurrence of social and environmental degeneration derived from extensive monoculture, as well, market instability. Furthermore, it is important to consider the existence of political, technical and consumer\'s network related to the decision making process, and economic, social and environmental issues. These agents can influence directly and /or indirectly in the future of sugarcane in Brazil. The interaction among this range of elements complicates the ethanol industry\'s reality and enhances the concerns about the activity evolution. Thus, postulating sustainability as a essential feature for the activity has emerged as a difficult but important challenge. One of the key aspects to respond to these challenges is the sustainability assessment. But many of assessment tools have limitations in contemplating systemically sustainability criteria. With the range of options available, the adoption decision of sustainability assessment methods also affords complexity, seeing that each tool \"embraces\" a world vision, sustainability, values, according to their theories, approaches and concepts. In this sense, this thesis focused on the question of how these complex issues are considered in the selection of valuation models process as well as how these models are chosen and proposed, by the development of systemic procedures and criteria, composing an analytical framework for model selection and/or sustainability assessment tools. Hence, for the search: were used the theoretical framework of the general theory of systems and evaluation of sustainability; was conducted a contextual analysis and identified intervention points for the system and complexity of sugarcane ethanol, identified critical issues involved in the implementation process of the sustainability concept and its assessment, and was ranked attributes required to systemic criteria. Finally, the research concluded that there hasn´t been an adequate linkage between the analysis models and their selection, harming the operational sustainability and evaluation. By such a structure can provide input and contribute to the decision-making process and the formulation and/or evaluation of public policies aimed for the sector\'s sustainability.

This research has developed several models and methodologies with the aim of improving the accuracy and applicability of reliability predictions for complex repairable systems. A repairable system is usually defined as one that will be repaired to recover its functions after each failure. Physical assets such as machines, buildings, vehicles are often repairable. Optimal maintenance strategies require the prediction of the reliability of complex repairable systems accurately. Numerous models and methods have been developed for predicting system reliability. After an extensive literature review, several limitations in the existing research and needs for future research have been identified. These include the follows: the need for an effective method to predict the reliability of an asset with multiple preventive maintenance intervals during its entire life span; the need for considering interactions among failures of components in a system; and the need for an effective method for predicting reliability with sparse or zero failure data. In this research, the Split System Approach (SSA), an Analytical Model for Interactive Failures (AMIF), the Extended SSA (ESSA) and the Proportional Covariate Model (PCM), were developed by the candidate to meet the needs identified previously, in an effective manner. These new methodologies/models are expected to rectify the identified limitations of current models and significantly improve the accuracy of the reliability prediction of existing models for repairable systems. The characteristics of the reliability of a system will alter after regular preventive maintenance. This alternation makes prediction of the reliability of complex repairable systems difficult, especially when the prediction covers a number of imperfect preventive maintenance actions over multiple intervals during the asset's lifetime. The SSA uses a new concept to address this issue effectively and splits a system into repaired and unrepaired parts virtually. SSA has been used to analyse system reliability at the component level and to address different states of a repairable system after single or multiple preventive maintenance activities over multiple intervals. The results obtained from this investigation demonstrate that SSA has an excellent ability to support the making of optimal asset preventive maintenance decisions over its whole life. It is noted that SSA, like most existing models, is based on the assumption that failures are independent of each other. This assumption is often unrealistic in industrial circumstances and may lead to unacceptable prediction errors. To ensure the accuracy of reliability prediction, interactive failures were considered. The concept of interactive failure presented in this thesis is a new variant of the definition of failure. The candidate has made several original contributions such as introducing and defining related concepts and terminologies, developing a model to analyse interactive failures quantitatively and revealing that interactive failure can be either stable or unstable. The research results effectively assist in avoiding unstable interactive relationship in machinery during its design phase. This research on interactive failures pioneers a new area of reliability prediction and enables the estimation of failure probabilities more precisely. ESSA was developed through an integration of SSA and AMIF. ESSA is the first effective method to address the reliability prediction of systems with interactive failures and with multiple preventive maintenance actions over multiple intervals. It enhances the capability of SSA and AMIF. PCM was developed to further enhance the capability of the above methodologies/models. It addresses the issue of reliability prediction using both failure data and condition data. The philosophy and procedure of PCM are different from existing models such as the Proportional Hazard Model (PHM). PCM has been used successfully to investigate the hazard of gearboxes and truck engines. The candidate demonstrated that PCM had several unique features: 1) it automatically tracks the changing characteristics of the hazard of a system using symptom indicators; 2) it estimates the hazard of a system using symptom indicators without historical failure data; 3) it reduces the influence of fluctuations in condition monitoring data on hazard estimation. These newly developed methodologies/models have been verified using simulations, industrial case studies and laboratory experiments. The research outcomes of this research are expected to enrich the body of knowledge in reliability prediction through effectively addressing some limitations of existing models and exploring the area of interactive failures.

Dentre as fontes renováveis de energia, os biocombustíveis têm apresentado amplo destaque como alternativa sustentável e potenciais substitutos aos combustíveis fósseis, e são vistos por muitos decisores políticos e cientistas como recursos de baixo impacto ambiental e de boa rentabilidade econômica. No Brasil o biocombustível que tem apresentado maior destaque tem sido o etanol da cana-de-açúcar. Entretanto, existem questionamentos sobre sua produção e consumo. De um lado ocorrem ganhos pelo fato desta ser uma atividade energética renovável, mas por outro lado, observa-se a ocorrência de degradações sociais e ambientais, derivadas da monocultura extensiva, bem como, problemas econômicos de instabilidade de mercado. Ademais, é importante considerar a existência de uma rede de atores políticos, técnicos e de consumidores relacionados ao processo de tomada de decisão, processos econômicos e às questões sociais e ambientais. Estes agentes podem influenciar de forma direta e/ou indireta no futuro da cana-de-açúcar no Brasil. A interação entre estes vários elementos torna complexa a realidade do setor e potencializa as várias preocupações sobre a evolução da atividade. Desse modo, postular a sustentabilidade como uma característica fundamental para a atividade, tem se apresentado como um difícil, porém importante desafio. Um dos aspectos essenciais para responder a estes desafios, é a avaliação de sustentabilidade. Porém muitas das ferramentas de avaliação possuem limitações em contemplar critérios de sustentabilidade de maneira sistêmica. Com a gama de opções existentes, a decisão pela adoção de métodos de avaliação de sustentabilidade também se apresenta complexa, já que cada ferramenta \"abraça\" uma visão especifica de mundo, de sustentabilidade, de valores, de acordo com suas teorias, abordagens e conceitos. Nesse sentido, esta tese se concentrou na pergunta sobre como estas questões de complexidade são consideradas no processo de seleção dos modelos de avaliação, bem como, de que forma estes modelos são escolhidos e, assim propôs, por meio da elaboração de procedimentos e critérios sistêmicos, uma estrutura analítica de seleção de modelos e/ou ferramentas de avaliação de sustentabilidade. Para tanto, a pesquisa: utilizou-se do arcabouço teórico da teoria geral de sistemas e da avaliação de sustentabilidade; realizou uma análise contextual e identificou pontos de intervenção para o sistema e a complexidade envolvida na temática do etanol de cana-de-açúcar; identificou pontos críticos envolvidos nos processos de operacionalização do conceito de sustentabilidade e sua avaliação e, levantou atributos necessários a elaboração dos critérios sistêmicos. Por fim, a pesquisa concluiu que não se observa uma adequada aderência entre os modelos de análise e sua seleção, prejudicando a operacionalidade da sustentabilidade e sua avaliação. Com tal estrutura é possível fornecer subsídios ao processo de tomada de decisão e à formulação e/ou avaliação de políticas públicas voltadas à para a sustentabilidade do setor. / Amongst the renewable energy sources, the biofuels have presented extent prominence as a sustainable alternative, ever since they present themselves as potential substitutes to fossil fuels and have been considered, by many policy makers and scientists, as low environmental impact and good economic profitability resources. In Brazil, the sugarcane ethanol is the biofuel which has had greater highlighting. However, there are some discussions about its production and consumption. On the one hand gains occur since the pollution decline and on account of ethanol is a renewable energy. On the other, it is observed the occurrence of social and environmental degeneration derived from extensive monoculture, as well, market instability. Furthermore, it is important to consider the existence of political, technical and consumer\'s network related to the decision making process, and economic, social and environmental issues. These agents can influence directly and /or indirectly in the future of sugarcane in Brazil. The interaction among this range of elements complicates the ethanol industry\'s reality and enhances the concerns about the activity evolution. Thus, postulating sustainability as a essential feature for the activity has emerged as a difficult but important challenge. One of the key aspects to respond to these challenges is the sustainability assessment. But many of assessment tools have limitations in contemplating systemically sustainability criteria. With the range of options available, the adoption decision of sustainability assessment methods also affords complexity, seeing that each tool \"embraces\" a world vision, sustainability, values, according to their theories, approaches and concepts. In this sense, this thesis focused on the question of how these complex issues are considered in the selection of valuation models process as well as how these models are chosen and proposed, by the development of systemic procedures and criteria, composing an analytical framework for model selection and/or sustainability assessment tools. Hence, for the search: were used the theoretical framework of the general theory of systems and evaluation of sustainability; was conducted a contextual analysis and identified intervention points for the system and complexity of sugarcane ethanol, identified critical issues involved in the implementation process of the sustainability concept and its assessment, and was ranked attributes required to systemic criteria. Finally, the research concluded that there hasn´t been an adequate linkage between the analysis models and their selection, harming the operational sustainability and evaluation. By such a structure can provide input and contribute to the decision-making process and the formulation and/or evaluation of public policies aimed for the sector\'s sustainability.

The thesis is focused on multiparametric diagnostic of generators at the Dukovany nuclear power plant. One generator was chosen for the thesis and it was examined especially from the practical point of view. The thesis describes current state of the issue with focus on noise diagnostics, vibrodiagnostics and electrodiagnostics. The emphasis is on the system approach of the solution. In the practical part an experiment is designed, described and evaluated. Attention is paid to the conclusions of the performed vibrodiagnostics and noise diagnostics. Data sets are evaluated separately and the relationship between the two diagnostic methods is analyzed. Furthermore, the data set from electrodiagnostics is evaluated and dependencies of electrical diagnostic quantities on other quantities are described. Trends in electrical diagnostic quantities are also monitored. Conclusions and recommendations are formulated at the end of the thesis. It is stated that using multiparametric diagnostics to assess the status of generators in power plants is still in its beginning and that the conclusions of the submitted thesis will contribute to the developmnet in this area.

The motivation to this master`s thesis is an increasing demand on evaluation of expertise report in conformity with requirements of internationally accepted standards as well as with national legal regulations. This master`s thesis is focused on defining of requirements of International Valuation Standards – IVS. The objective of the introductory study of this thesis is an effort to provide overview of the structure, the history and development of International Valuation Standards – IVS. The introductory study points out that the IVS standard is not stationary one, but shows the importance to keep the continuous track and analyze other possible information sources in connection to it. The main objective is to analyze the principal requirements of International Valuation Standards for expert as a person, expertise activity and required features of expertise report. The gained information is processed on the base of an expertise system approach, where the expertise is interpreted as a structured object with principal features: expertise object, expertise problem, expertise activity, expertise report and expert. Established findings are then analyzed regarding to such interpreted system approach of expertise and applied in the determination of type of approach which an expert should follow in the procedure of making out an expertise report of property valuation. Finally, an example expertise report for valuation of real estate is compiled. Such expertise report could be considered in conformity with national legal regulation as well as with requirements of International Valuation Standards – IVS. The expertise report is a practical example of findings of this master`s thesis.

Soft System Approaches have been developed worldwide to help problem-solvers and decision-makers develop solutions to complex problems, such as aerospace systems. Soft System Approaches were designed to help lower the disorder of developing a complex system by increasing understanding of a situation. Four Soft System Approaches were investigated, two from the West and two from the East. Within the context of the paper, the West refers to thought patterns associated with thinkers and scientists in Europe and North America, and the East refers to those from and around China. The two from the West are Peter Checkland’s Soft Systems Methodology and Fran Ackerman and Colin Eden’s Strategic Options Development and Analysis, and from the East they are Qian Xuesen’s Meta-Synthetic Approach and Jifa Gu and Zhichang Zhu’s Wuli-Shili-Renli Approach. The four approaches were selected due to their prevalence and notoriety within the Soft System Approach research. The Western Soft System Approaches were created as a direct response to reductionism and are more holistic than Hard System Approaches; however, they are classified as systematic due to their structure. The approaches are tools that can be deployed for a specific task. Eastern Soft System Approaches rooted in Eastern philosophy went from holism to reductionism to a unity of the two. There is no one-size-fits-all approach; therefore, approaches that seek to balance reductionism and holism and give guidance and structure while inviting in other methods. The Eastern approaches are classified as framework Soft System Approaches, which provide structure and guidance but not a formula. Systematic approaches are better for determining a course of action, while framework approaches are better for guiding a whole program. The Eastern approaches covered can and do incorporate other methods, including each other. Depending on the problem and problem solver, the systematic or framework approach may be better suited. Overall, however, the framework approach will be able to solve the most varied problems due to the lack of prescriptiveness and the use of other approaches. Knowing the difference between the approaches and how they can be used helps manage the development of complex aerospace systems.

Abstract: An unsustainable food system in Sweden, marked by power imbalances, limited opportunities for smaller producers, and a lack of collaboration, demands solutions. Many workers in the food system operate as smaller producers, while the retail sector is highly concentrated, dominated by a few major retailers. Due to their significant market share, these retailers have the potential to drive production improvements, sustainability, and innovation by actively supporting smaller producers. However, if these issues remain unaddressed, the entire food system risks becoming increasingly vulnerable to future disruptions. This thesis aims to explain the dynamics within the Swedish food value chain, focusing on the collaboration between established retailers and smaller producers. It seeks to understand how this collaboration can be improved by both parties to foster a more sustainable food system. Through qualitative semi-structured interviews employing a dual-perspective approach from both producers and retailers, it sought an understanding of both actors’ perspectives regarding their current experiences and perceptions. Both producers and retailers acknowledge the need for collaboration, but challenges persist, particularly expressed by the producers. The main theory used, The Ladder of Partnership, highlights the necessity for trust, mutual understanding, and investment in collaboration. While some companies are making efforts, more is required for a sustainable food system. Given the retailer’s market influence, they should lead by creating opportunities for smaller producers, making strategic decisions about market inclusion, and excluding less sustainable options. The thesis advocates for accountability and shared responsibility among all actors in the food system to achieve a sustainable future. The study concludes that the Swedish food value chain relies on collaboration among various actors, and without it, the system's functionality would be compromised. / Summary: Walking into a vibrant supermarket opens up a world of diverse choices, showcasing both local and global products and turning grocery shopping into a journey through the interconnected global food system. Each item on the shelf tells a story of its own, a journey from farm to fork. Just as each product on the shelf tells a story, so too does our collective effort to foster a more sustainable future. From supporting smaller producers to advocating for environmental sustainability, every decision we make has an impact, leading to the outcome dependent on our action.  This thesis aims to explain the dynamics within the Swedish food value chain, focusing on the collaboration between established retailers and smaller producers. It seeks to understand how this collaboration could be improved by both retailers and producers regarding the essential support required for fostering a more sustainable food system. Through qualitative semi-structured interviews, this study was focusing on the relationships between producers and retailers, and it sought an understanding of both actors’ perspectives regarding their current experiences and perceptions.  In Sweden, a select few major players are dominating a significant portion of the market share. An unsustainable food system in Sweden, marked by power imbalances, limited opportunities for smaller producers and a lack of collaboration, demands solutions. The entire food system risks becoming increasingly vulnerable to future disruptions if these issues remain unaddressed. The findings reveal a complex network of interconnected factors and actors. Companies operate not only as one actor, but very often as several (e.g. producers, distributor, consumers) influencing the functioning of the entire chain. In essence, the collaboration between retailers and smaller producers in the Swedish food system presents a dynamic interplay of challenges and opportunities. While both parties acknowledge the importance of working together, there are still challenges to overcome, especially from the producers' perspective of working together with retailers.   The main theory used, The Ladder of Partnership, highlights the necessity for trust, mutual understanding, and investment in collaboration. While some companies are making efforts, more is required for a sustainable food system. Given the retailer’s market influence, they should lead by creating opportunities for smaller producers, making strategic decisions about market inclusion, and excluding less sustainable options. The thesis advocates for accountability and shared responsibility among all actors in the food system to achieve a sustainable future. The study concludes that the Swedish food value chain relies on collaboration among various actors, and without it, the system's functionality would be compromised.

Dans le domaine aéronautique, la dernière décennie a été marquée par une augmentation constante et progressive du taux d’électrification des systèmes embarqués. L’avion plus électrique est aujourd’hui vu comme un axe d’amélioration majeure pour l’industrie aéronautique permettant d’atteindre des objectifs toujours plus ambitieux : réduction de l’impact environnemental, rationalisation des coûts de maintenance… Dans ce contexte, le réseau de distribution électrique joue un rôle majeur. Les architectes doivent imaginer de nouveaux concepts architecturaux afin d’assurer le « service » de fourniture d’électricité tout en minimisant la masse et le coût. Ainsi les travaux de cette thèse proposent des méthodes d’aide à la conception pour les architectes de réseau. Le manuscrit se divise en 2 parties pouvant être vues comme 2 études distinctes et qui sont introduites dans le chapitre 1.La 1ère partie, traitée dans les chapitres 2 et 3, développe des méthodes et outils afin de résoudre de manière automatique et optimale 2 tâches de l’architecte : la définition des reconfigurations du réseau et l’identification de l’allocation des charges. La formalisation de ces 2 problématiques met en lumière une caractéristique commune : l’explosion combinatoire. Ainsi les résolutions sont réalisées à l’aide de méthodes issues de la recherche opérationnelle. Un processus général est défini afin de traiter les 2 tâches de manière consistante. Les aspects liés à la reconfiguration sont traités à l’aide de : la théorie des graphes pour modéliser la connectivité du réseau, un système expert capturant les règles métiers et la programmation linéaire sélectionnant les reconfigurations les plus performantes. La méthode a été appliquée avec succès sur des réseaux avions existants (A400M et A350) ainsi que sur des réseaux plus électriques prospectifs. La deuxième tâche consistant en l’allocation des charges a été résolue à l’aide de méthodes stochastiques. L’algorithme génétique utilisant une méthode de nichage se révèle être le plus performant en proposant à l’architecte réseau des solutions performantes et variées. La 2ème partie, traitée dans le chapitre 4, s’intéresse à un nouveau concept le « cœur électronique modulaire et mutualisé ». Cet organe de distribution, étroitement lié à l’avion plus électrique, se caractérise par la mutualisation de « m » modules électronique de puissance pour « c » charges électriques. Les méthodes développées dans le chapitre 4 vise à concevoir de manière optimale ce nouveau cœur en ayant 2 degrés de liberté : le nombre « m » de modules et les reconfigurations entre les « m » modules et les « c » charges. De nouveau, la formalisation du problème met en évidence l’explosion combinatoire à laquelle est confronté le concepteur. Le principal objectif de cette étude est de proposer un cadre méthodologique pour la résolution de ce problème de conception. Ainsi une heuristique a été développée pour résoudre ce problème combinatoire. Une attention particulière a été portée pour développer des modèles de composants simples et génériques dans une procédure générale organisée. Enfin une cartographie a été réalisée afin de dégager d’une part les formes de solutions les plus performantes et d’identifier les éléments ayant les impacts les plus significatifs sur la masse du système complet. / In the aeronautics field, the last decade has been marked by a constant and gradual increase of the electrification rate of the embedded systems. Today, the More Electric Aircraft (MEA) is seen as a major axis of improvement for the aviation industry to achieve increasingly ambitious objectives: reducing environmental impact, rationalisation of maintenance costs...In the more electrical aircraft concept, the electrical network plays a major role. Today engineers must imagine new architectural solutions to ensure the electricity supply while minimizing weight and cost. In this context, the PhD work consists in providing new methods to support the design of electrical network architectures. The PhD work is divided into 2 parts which can be seen as 2 separate studies which are introduced in the chapter 1.The 1st part, treated in the chapters 2 and 3, develops methods and tools to solve problems automatically for 2 architecture tasks: the definition of the network reconfiguration and the identification of the electrical load allocation on busbars. The formalization of these two issues highlights a common characteristic: the combinatorial explosion. As the consequence, methods from operational research area are selected to solve the 2 tasks in the frame of a general and consistent design process. The reconfiguration aspects are solved by a methodology coupling together: graph theory to model the network connectivity, an expert system capturing know-how rules and linear programming selecting the most efficient reconfiguration. The approach was successfully applied on existing aircraft electrical networks (A400M and A350) and on future architectures. The second task, related to the electrical load allocation, is solved using stochastic methods. The genetic algorithm using a niching method is the best assessed optimization method. It provides good and diversified load allocations to the electrical network architect. The 2nd part, treated in the chapter 4, focuses on a new technological concept the « modular and mutualised power electronics center ». This distribution system, closely linked to the more electrical aircraft, aims at sharing « m » power electronics modules to « c » electrical loads. The methods developed in this PhD aim at carrying out an optimal design of this new power center with 2 design variables: the number « m » of modules and the reconfigurations between the « m » modules and the « c » loads. Again, the formalization of the problem highlights that the designer must deal with a combinatorial explosion. The main objective of this study is to propose a methodological framework for solving this design problem. A heuristic-based algorithm is developed to solve this combinatorial optimization problem. A particular attention is paid to develop an organized weight estimation procedure using generic sizing models. Finally a mapping is performed to identify the best solutions and to highlight the technological elements having the most significant impact on the complete system weight

Aufgrund des gesellschaftlichen Wandels, globaler klimatischer und marktlicher Veränderungen sowie zunehmender Ressourcenknappheit sind landwirtschaftliche Betriebe immer mehr gefordert, ihre Produktionsverfahren anzupassen. Doch sind solche Innovationen häufig komplex und weisen einen systemischen Charakter auf. KMU sind häufig nicht in der Lage, diese oft mit höherem Risiko behafteten Innovationen voranzutreiben oder zu übernehmen. Zur Förderung ihrer Diffusion ist es notwendig, die äußeren und inneren Rahmenbedingungen der Innovationsumgebung zu kennen. Am Fallbeispiel der Innovationsprozesse zur Überwindung der Nachbauproblematik im Apfelanbau werden potenzielle Einflussfaktoren auf die Adoption neuer Maßnahmen mithilfe des sektoralen Innovationssystemansatzes nach Malerba und einem erweiterten Technology Acceptance Model erfasst. Hierbei wurde deutlich, dass trotz der günstigen natürlichen Rahmenbedingungen in der Untersuchungsregion, Faktoren wie sinkende Erzeugerpreise, Lohnsteigerungen, Wettbewerbsdruck, Klimawandel, die abnehmende Verfügbarkeit jungfräulicher Flächen sowie steigende Anforderungen des LEH und der Gesellschaft einen wirtschaftlichen Anbau zunehmend erschweren. Vor allem aber für Baumschulen sind die Folgen der Bodenmüdigkeit aufgrund des hohen Produktionswertes pro Hektar Kulturfläche besonders schwerwiegend. Maßnahmen, die bisher gegen Bodenermüdung ergriffen wurden, sind wenig effektiv, oder unwirtschaftlich. Die Analyse der Akzeptanzbefragung potenzieller Adopter zum Einsatz von Mikroorganismen gegen Bodenmüdigkeit ergab, dass die Nützlichkeit des Verfahrens positiv wahrgenommen wird und sich dies in einer hohen Übernahmeabsicht widerspiegelt. Eine Strukturgleichungsanalyse des in dieser Studie entwickelten Akzeptanzmodells mittels SmartPLS mit einem Bestimmtheitsmaß von 68% verdeutlichen, dass nicht vorrangig ökonomische Faktoren, sondern in erster Linie die Kompatibilität der Maßnahme, Einfluss auf eine potenzielle Übernahme ausüben würde. / Due to social change, global climatic and market changes as well as increasing scarcity of resources, agricultural enterprises are increasingly required to adapt their production processes. However, innovations often have a systemic character. SMEs are often not in a position to promote or adopt these innovations, which are often associated with higher risks. In order to promote their diffusion, it is, therefore, advantageous to know the external and internal framework conditions of the environment for innovation. Using the case study of innovation processes to overcome the problem of apple replant disease, potential influencing factors on the adoption of new measures are identified on the basis of the Sectoral Innovation System Approach according to Malerba and an extended Technology Acceptance Model. It became clear that, despite the favourable natural conditions in the study region, factors such as falling producer prices, wage increases, competitive pressure, climate change, the decreasing availability of virgin land and the increasing demands of food retailers and society are making commercial cultivation increasingly challenging. However, the consequences of soil fatigue are particularly severe for tree nurseries due to the high production value per hectare of cultivated land. Measures that have so far been taken to combat soil fatigue are ineffective or uneconomical. The analysis of the acceptance survey of potential adopters of microorganisms against soil fatigue showed that the usefulness of the method is perceived positively and that this is reflected in a high intention to adopt it. A structural equation analysis of the acceptance model developed in this study using SmartPLS and a coefficient of determination of 68% make it clear that not primarily economic factors, but primarily the compatibility of the measure, would influence a potential adoption.

The doctoral thesis deals with the valuer issues of business valuation with construction production in the condition of the Czech economy. The business valuation issue is, and will always be, highly relevant in a market economy environment, with regard to both methodical and practical approaches. The main aim of the doctoral thesis is to demonstrate the dependence constructing empirical regression model to determine the value of the construction enterprise by the chosen income valuation method based on the equity (book value of equity in historical costs). The first part of the doctoral thesis is a research study describing the approach of the authors to the current state of knowledge concerning the issues of business valuation, aspects of equity, using the principles of system methodology. Based on these findings, a space is defined in which it is possible to propose a solution of a partial problem in terms of selecting the enterprise value category and the associated income valuation methods suitable for extensive time-series analysis. An integral part of the doctoral thesis is the determination of the sample size of construction enterprises according to the assumptions and limitations of the chosen methodology. Empirical research for data collection is based on Justice.cz database. Another important part is, in the spirit of system approach principles, the choice and application of the method of system discipline for the solved problem of doctoral thesis. The result of the solution is an empirical regression model, which after subsequent validation in multiple case studies could also be recommended for wider verification in valuers practice. Part of the thesis will also include discussions in the wider context of the potential benefits of the doctoral thesis for practical, theoretical and pedagogical use.