The goal of this work was to prove the fact, that definable closure of any subclass of cotorsion modules closed under direct sums consists of $\Sigma$-cotorsion modules. The only known proof uses substantially the calculus of derived category, in this work we tried to prove the same, but only by means of a given category of all right $R$-modules and set-theoretic properties of partial orders indexing direct systems of $R$-modules. The main results of this work are proved under additional assumptions on the ring $R$, in particular $\vert R\vert\leq\aleph_{\omega}$ or $\text{dim}(R)<\aleph_{\omega}$. Attempts to give s proof in the same general situation, where the fact is known to hold, was not successful. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

The subject of this theses is the sector of creative industries a its behaviour at the time of economic crisis. The theses presents teories that study creative industries and its existing conclusions, while putting into contrast different views on the premise that creative industries are the source of economic growth and employment. Creative industries have been so far studied only during the time of prosperity, however, the 2008 economic crisis enables us to study them during recession. The analytic part of this theses is therefore dedicated to studying the economy of Great Britain, and on the basis of three economic indexes describes the behaviour of the creative industries during the crisis and immediately thereafter. The theses concludes that the creative industries indeed experienced growth, however, it also points out the limitations of all existing studies, including this one.

Middle class is important for economic development and growth of a country. Nowadays middle class in asian countries like China, Vietnam or India is significantly growing. Middle class in China has started to develop after economic reforms, which were launched in 1980s. People belonging to middle class in China are concentrated in urban area. Originally it started to develop in the coastal part of the country. There is a trend to move also to the inner part of the country. The biggest potential of the middle class is boosting domestic consumption. On the other hand there are certain problems, which might lead to middle income trap. The main problems are low productivity, high disparity, pressures on environment or aging population. The government is making a lot of measures to solve this problém. Nevertheless these problems are long term and they must focus on them in the future too.

This diploma thesis deals with the welfare state. The first chapter describes the characteristics of the welfare state and its possible different types. The second chapter is concerned with the historical background. The third chapter focuses on the relationship of the welfare state to the middle class and potentional risks which development of the middle class brings. Last, the fourth chapter elaborates one of the proposals for a reform of the welfare state. Specifically, it is focused on Gidden's Third way. This concept is first introduced, followed by critical responses, where a reader learns what above all bothers most opponents of this specific programme.

Titanium is thanks to its high corrosion resistance and biocompatibility widely used in medicine. Ti alloys are used due to their superior mechanical properties instead of pure Ti for load carrying components. Ti alloys are often alloyed with elements which are toxic for human body and further increase cost of Ti products. Main focus of current development is to create pure Ti with better mechanical properties. It can be done by reducing grain size by processes based on severe plastic deformation. The aim of this work is to evaluate fatigue properties as well as fatigue crack initiation and propagation mechanism of Ti grade 2 with the ultrafine grained structure. After microstructure analysis, fatigue tests with symmetrical loading were executed. Fracture surfaces of ultrafine grained Ti grade 2 were observed after fatigue tests for identification of failure mechanism. Results were compared with those for course-grained Ti grade 2.

The goal of this master thesis was to study the theory and to realize an induction loop for railway rolling vehicles, to design and manufacture a functioning prototype of electronic amplifier, which carries out all the requirements. This thesis includes detailed information about the induction loop system, its position and performance, following with the design of the amplifier, execution of the design and with the conclusion of measured parameters for the accomplishment of the required parameters.

The thesis deal with the design and construction of single cluster of apparatus which can serve as a signal source for wavefield synthesis. Apparatus can be controlled remotely by Ethernet interface. Thesis contains theoretical analyses of speaker system, class D amplifier, digital to analog conversion, digital format of acoustic data ADAT and Ethernet interface. Conceptual design of cluster and description of constructed module is concerned.

The diploma thesis deals with the solution of output power amplifiers for home listening. There are mentioned basic terms and illustrated several well-known solutions of power amplifiers. Is described formation and possibilities to minimize transient distortion of output stage. For verification is implemented full-symmetrical output stage.

Generally, the term gateway (gateway) in computer networks holds a node that connects two networks with different protocols. This thesis deals with the translation between two protocols, SIP protocol and WebSocket. This translation is the work first described theoretically and then work deals with the way this translation solutions using tools available on the Internet.

Title: Model constructions for bounded arithmetic Author: Michal Garlík Abstract: We study constructions of models of bounded arithmetic theories. Us- ing basic techniques of model theory we give a new proof of Ajtai's completeness theorem for nonstandard finite structures. Working in the framework of restricted reduced powers (a generalization of the ultrapower construction) we devise two methods of constructing models of bounded arithmetic. The first one gives a new proof of Buss's witnessing theorem. Using the second method we show that the theory R1 2 is stronger than its variant strictR1 2 under a plausible computational assumption (the existence of a strong enough one-way permutation), and that the theory PV1 + Σb 1(PV ) − LLIND is stronger than PV1 + strictΣb 1(PV ) − LLIND under the same assumption. Considering relativized theories, we show that R1 2(α) is stronger than strictR1 2(α) (unconditionally). 1