The shift from product-based to knowledge economies has resulted in an excess demand for skilled workers and created a global ‘war’ for talent. In order to retain talents, organizations need to meet their expectations. The new generation to enter the workforce, namely the millennial generation have very explicit demands, for leadership development in particular. These demands create challenges for companies, especially smaller organizations with limited resources. The development of new leadership talents is indeed one of the main impediments to growth today, as current leaders are retiring at accelerating rates. This qualitative study explores how medium-sized organizations (MSOs) in Sweden employ talent management as a succession-planning tool to retain Millennial talents, using an abduc- tive research approach. Through eleven semi-structured interview, the authors have gained an in-depth understanding of how managers in MSOs reason about succession planning and talent management as a mean to retain millennial talents. The authors expand the understanding of academic literature of how medium-sized compa- nies approach succession planning by developing their internal leadership talents. Four nu- ances of succession planning are presented and in addition to existing literature, the authors have identified a dilemma to talent development in MSOs, denoted ‘The Paradox’. This study finally provides starting points for further research as well as practical recommen- dations for medium-sized company managers.

The concepts of Athletic Identity (Brewer, Van Raalte, & Linder,1993) and identity (Erikson, 1950, 1968) both carry notions of having a clear sense of self definition. Applied practitioners in elite professional football settings (e.g. Holt & Dunn, 2004; Harwood, 2008; Nesti & Littlewood, 2010; Nesti, 2013) have championed the notion that individuals who possess a clear sense of self, (generally) cope with the demanding nature of first team football, and the daily challenges that arise from their chosen profession (i.e., injury, de-selection). Conversely, a small number of researchers have consistently argued that professional football club culture may not support the development of a clear sense of identity in (young) players, as it has been described as espousing notions of power, dominance, authority and insecurity (see e.g. Parker, 1995, 1996, 1998, 2001; Roderick, 2006, 2006a). The present thesis explores the role of identity, the impact of football club culture on its formation, and its importance in the career trajectory of youth team footballers. Across three distinct studies, this thesis explores the concepts of Athletic Identity, identity, and the creation of club culture within youth and professional football. Study one used a cross sectional approach, within and across levels of play along with distinct situational, demographic variables to assess any differentiating factors in Athletic Identity in 168 (N = 168) youth team footballers. Football club explained 30% of the variance in exclusivity among players (p = .022). Mean social identity was significantly higher for those players in the first year of their apprenticeship compared to the second year (p = .025). The range of variance for exclusivity amongst players suggested it was the cultural climate created at each individual football club that impacted this subscale of Athletic Identity. Study Two used a qualitative approach with the aim of critically exploring the perceptions of practitioners in relation to; ideal player characteristics, working practices, organisational culture and environmental conditions. These facets are influenced by practitioners within youth development programmes, all of which contribute to shaping a player’s identity (Erikson, 1968). A total of 19 youth development practitioners were interviewed during data collection. Practitioners provided an explicit and clear blueprint of the ideal player characteristics required for successful upward transition, including, self belief, dedication and self awareness, which are synonymous with notions of identity. Finally, Study three used a case study approach to critically examine how players’ experiences of a professional football environment and culture served to shape their identity and allows them to cope with critical moments. A Championship football club served as the case study in which 4 players were interviewed 3 times over the course of one season. Findings were represented as narrative stories of each player. Findings suggested that having a clear sense of identity provided players with a platform for resilience and perseverance throughout a range of critical moments. In summary, it is vital that appropriate internal (club) and external (affiliated organisations) strategies are developed and integrated into practice to ensure that players develop a clear sense of identity and meaning. It is essential that this transcends the professional football domain for players to have the best possible platform for career progression and career termination.

O judô brasileiro é uma modalidade que possui tradição olímpica. Entretanto, sobre o processo de formação de judocas brasileiros, não se conhece os fatores contribuem para o desenvolvimento do talento na modalidade. O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar o desenvolvimento de judocas olímpicos brasileiros e a relação entre o desenvolvimento de judocas olímpicos brasileiros e os modelos de desenvolvimento de talento descritos na literatura. Para tanto, se utilizou uma amostra de seis judocas, pertencentes a seleção brasileira olímpica nos Jogos Olímpicos de Atenas, 2004. A pesquisa foi constituída através de um delineamento qualitativo, que utilizou como instrumento uma entrevista composta por 12 perguntas abertas, elaboradas para explorar o contexto de desenvolvimento do talento no judô. Para a análise dos resultados foi utilizado o ?Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo?. Os discursos indicaram que a trajetória de desenvolvimento dos judocas não se aproximou dos modelos de desenvolvimento de talento descritos na literatura, sobretudo devido a ausência de programas nacionais de desenvolvimento esportivo. Contudo, no que tange os aspectos relacionados ao apoio da família, ao prazer pela prática e a determinação dos judocas, o presente estudo corrobora com a literatura, revelando a importância que os fatores psicossociais exerceram no desenvolvimento do judoca brasileiro talentoso. / The Brazilian Judo is a sport modality that has an Olympic tradition. However, about Brazilian judokas development process, it is unknown the facts that contribute for the talent development in this modality. The main purpose of the present study was to analyze the Brazilian Olympic Judokas development process and the relation between Brazilian Olympic Judokas and the patterns of talent reported in the literature. In order to do the research, it was used a sample of six judokas from the Brazilian Olympic Team of Atenas, 2004. The study was built through a qualitative inquiry, that used as instrument a interview composed by twelve open questions, elaborated to explore the context of the judo talent development. In order to analyze the results acquired, it was used the ?Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo?. The speeches showed that the judokas development trajectory didn\'t reach the development models described in the literature, especially because of the lack of national sport development programs. Although, concerning the aspects related to family support, the pleasure of practice and the judokas determination, the present study corroborates with the literature, revealing the importance that psychosocial facts exerted in the development of Brazilian talented judokas.

Existing research practices in gifted education have many areas for potential improvement so that they can provide useful, generalizable evidence to various stakeholders. In this article, we first review the field’s current research practices and consider the quality and utility of its research findings. Next, we discuss how open science practices increase the transparency of research so readers can more effectively evaluate its validity. Third, we introduce five large-scale collaborative research models that are being used in other fields and discuss how they could be implemented in gifted education research. Finally, we review potential challenges and limitations to implementing collaborative research models in gifted education. We believe greater use of large-scale collaboration will help the field overcome some of its methodological challenges to help provide more precise and accurate information about gifted education.

By using a case study design this essay examines and describes the talent development environment in a football club. The aim of the study is to examine the talent development environment in a youth academy that is a part of a professional Swedish football club that plays in the highest domestic league. The theoretical framework is Fahlström, Glemne and Linnérs (2016) developed model that shows which factors in a talent development environment that are possible to influence. The framework also includes themes and head groups that are connected to Fahlström, Glemne and Linnérs model. This study has a qualitative research strategy in form of document analysis, questionnaires and interview. The results show that the football club works with talent development on all the levels in Fahlström, Glemne and Linnérs model which includes the developmental environment in the football club and its closest surroundings as well as socio-economical, cultural and sport conditions.

Syfte: Syftet blir att granska vilka vägar det finns för barn och ungdomar att gå för att få möjligheten att representera herr- respektive damlandslaget. Och därefter titta på hur vägen för 41 st lanslagspelare både på herr- och damsidan har sett ut.   Metod: Metoden till denna undersökning har delats upp i två. Den större delen består av en dokumentanalys, där dokument har samlats in och analyserats för att få fram ett resultat. Den andra delen består av en kvalitativ ansats som är två expertintervjuer.   Resultat: Undersökningens resultat visade att det fanns olika vägar att gå för att kunna få möjligheten att representera herr- respektive damlandslaget, de två vanligaste var sampling och tidig specialisering. Variationen var stor bland de manliga fotbollsspelarnas väg till A-landslaget, medan vägarna till A-landslaget för de kvinnliga fotbollsspelarna såg för det mesta likadant ut.   Diskussion: Hur vägarna ser ut till att nå topp eliten och spel i A-landslaget för herr och damer kan bero på olika saker. Fotbollsfostran kan vara en avgörande faktor kring hur din väg kan komma att se ut, beroende på en föreningsfostran eller en tävlingsfostran. / Purpose: The purpose is to review which ways there are for children and young adults to get the opportunity to represent the men's and women's team. And then look at how the ways of 41 national team players have looked like, both men and women.   Method: The method of this survey has been divided into two. The bulk consists of a document analysis, where documents have been collected and analyzed to produce a result. The second part consists of a qualitative approach that is two expert interviews.   Results: The survey results showed that there were different ways to go in order to be able to represent the male and female national teams, the two most common were sampling and early specialization. The variation was great among the male soccer players' path to the A national team, while the roads to the A national team for the female football players looked mostly the same.   Discussion: How the roads seem to reach the top elite and play in the A-national team for men and women can depend on different things. Football education can be a crucial factor in how your route may look, depending on a club education or a contest education.

Os objetivos do estudo foram a) examinar a dinâmica do desempenho técnico (DT) em jogos reduzidos (JR) de jovens jogadores de futebol em um período de tempo de 14,5 meses, e b) verificar a influência das características antropométricas e de desempenho físico no DT. Os dados de 30 jogadores, considerados de nível elite, da categoria Sub14 (14,3 ± 0,3 anos, 170,5 ± 6,2 cm, 59,6 ± 6,2 kg) foram retidos para análise. Em 4 momentos distintos (M1, M2, M3, M4) de 1 temporada competitiva, foram filmados 16 JR e realizadas medidas antropométricas e testes físicos (Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test Level 1, corrida de 10m e 30m, saltos verticais [com e sem contramovimento]). Cada jogador participou em um JR em cada momento de coleta. A quantificação de ações de DT foi realizada através da análise notacional; foi registrado todo tipo de ação em que fosse observada uma clara tentativa de intervir sobre a trajetória da bola. Escores para cada ação originaram-se da frequência de ocorrência. Foram atribuídos escores para envolvimento total (ET), envolvimento com bola (EB), desempenho defensivo total (DDT) e envolvimento ofensivo total (EOT). Uma ANOVA de medidas repetidas foi utilizada para examinar as alterações nas medidas antropométricas e de desempenho físico ao longo dos 4 momentos. Para examinar as alterações nas variáveis de DT foi adotada análise inferencial baseada na magnitude do efeito (tamanho do efeito = TE); considerando como mínima alteração prática importante: TE >= 0,20. Para verificar a influência do nível de desempenho físico no DT, os jogadores foram divididos em \"maior\" e \"menor\" nível de desempenho no Yo-Yo IR1. Uma análise discriminante foi utilizada para examinar diferenças entre grupos, para ET, DDT e EOT. Medidas de estatura e massa corporal também foram incluídas no modelo. Diferenças significantes (aumento) foram observadas ao longo do estudo para as medidas de desempenho no salto vertical sem e com contramovimento (F = 6,75; p = 0,003; F = 31,1; p = 0,001, respectivamente) e no Yo-Yo IR1 (F = 29,5; p = 0,001), assim como para estatura (F = 43,4; p = 0,01) e massa corporal (F = 28,6; p = 0,01). Adicionalmente, os resultados mostraram uma \"possível\" diminuição nos valores de frequência de DDT (M1 vs. M3, e M2 vs M3). Em oposição, observou-se um \"possível\" aumento nas ações de DDT, de M3 para M4. Para o EOT, foram \"possíveis\" as reduções de M1 para M2 e de M1 para M4. Para EB, comparando os momentos M3 e M4, observou-se diminuição \"muito possível\". Uma \"possível\" redução de M1 para M2 e M1 para M4, para ET, também foi observada. Os resultados da análise discriminante demonstraram que o grupo com maior desempenho no Yo-Yo IR1 (capacidade de realizar esforços intermitentes de alta intensidade) apresentava o maior número de ações para DDT em M1 (vs grupo menor desempenho no Yo-Yo IR1 [Wilks\' lambda = 0,77; p = 0,03]). Este resultado não foi observado para os demais momentos do estudo (valores de Wilks\' lambda variaram entre 0,82 e 0,99; p > 0,05) / The objectives of the study were a) examining the dynamic of the Technical Performance (TP) of young soccer players in small-sided-games (SSG) in a 14,5-month period, and b) verify the influence of the anthropometric characteristics and the physical performance on the TP. The data of 30 players, considered of elite level, from the U-14 category (average and standard deviation: 14,3 ± 0,3 years, 170,5 ± 6,2 cm, 5,9 ± 6,2 kg), were kept for analysis. In 4 different moments (M1, M2, M3, M4) of one competitive season, 16 SSG were filmed, and in the same period, anthropometric measures and physical tests performance were collected (Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test Level 1, 10m and 30m sprint, vertical jumps [with and without countermovement]). Each player participated in one SSG in each collection moment. The TP actions quantification was executed through notational analysis; it was registered all type of action on which a clear attempt to intervene the ball\'s trajectory could be observed. The scores for each action originated from the frequency of occurrence. Scores were attributed to Total Involvement (TI), Ball Involvement (BI), Total Defensive Performance (TDP) and Total Offensive Involvement (TOI). A repeated-measures ANOVA was used to examine changes in physical and anthropometric measures during the 4 assessment moments. To examine the changes in the variables of TP, the inferential analysis based on the magnitude of the effect was adopted (effect\'s size = ES); considering as minimum practical important alteration: ES >= 0,2. To verify the influence of the physical performance level on the TP, the players were divided into \"higher\" and \"lower\" performance levels in the Yo-Yo IR1. A discriminant analysis was used to examine differences among groups, to TI, TDP and TOI. Measurements of height and body mass were also included. Significant differences (increase) were observed throughout the study for the performance measures in the vertical jump with and without countermovement (F = 6,75; p = 0,003; F = 31,1; p = 0,001, respectively), Yo-Yo IR1 (F = 29,5; p = 0,001), stature (F = 43,4; p = 0,01) and body mass (F = 28,6; p = 0,01). Furthermore, the results show a \"possible\" decrease in TDP frequency values (M1 vs. M3, and M2 vs M3). In contrast, a \"possible\" increase in TDP actions was observed, from M3 to M4. For the TOI, the reductions from M1 to M2 and M1 to M4 were considered \"possible\". Concerning the BI, comparing moments M3 and M4, a \"very possible\" decrease was observed. For the TI, a \"possible difference\" with reduction of M1 to M2 and M1 to M4, was also observed. The results of the discriminant analysis showed that the group with higher performance in the Yo-Yo IR1 (ability to perform intermittent high-intensity efforts) presented the highest number of actions for TDP during M1 (vs lowest performance group in the Yo-Yo IR1 (Wilks\' lambda = 0,77; p = 0,03)). This result was not observed for the other moments of the study (Wilks\' lambda values varied between 0,82 and 0,99; p > 0,05)

The purpose of this study was to explore career outcomes in young adulthood for individuals with ADHD and/or high abilities. The sample included respondents who had valid ability and ADHD measures from waves 1 (1995), 3 (2002), and 4 (2009) of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent and Adult Health in-home questionnaire. Using multiple group path analysis, we examined the pathways for three groups of individuals (i.e., ADHD, high ability, and both). Our findings indicated shared as well as unique pathways in these three groups, involving their parents’ education, parental educational expectation, family income, school attachment, depression and anxiety symptoms, educational aspiration, high school GPA, and post-secondary educational enrollment modeled on perceived social class, occupational status, and career goal attainment. The findings suggested group differences in some significant pathways. Knowledge about these trajectories will help educational and mental health professionals better understand the potential supports and barriers in career success for these individuals with exceptionalities.

Research on talent development has focused on K–12 and adult eminence. This investigation addressed the gap in knowledge regarding talent development between the ages of 18 and 27. The purpose was to explain how a group of emerging adults continued to develop their writing ability into talents valued by themselves and society. The key questions investigated the role of self-perception of high ability in writing in the process of talent development as a lived experience, and the relationship of high ability to adult identity formation. The study also investigated how changes in family relationships and the establishment of independence related to talent development in emerging adulthood. It was a multiple case study of 7 creative writers from top-20 MFA programs. The study results indicated a number of findings. Development of writing talent in emerging adulthood is related to achieving adult identity and independence. Self-perception of high ability was universal, as was creativity. Achievement represented the confluence of intention, intellect, volition, knowledge, and imagination expressed as original work. The psychological process of differentiation and integration was used in adapting to achieve individual goals. Achieving identity for these writers and poets meant finding their voices. Ability was a pervasive factor in achieving identity. Parents, teachers, and peers guided and believed in the subjects’ ability. Family support was generally unconditional. Family mental health issues did not prevent talent development and fathers had a strong impact on sons and daughters. Independence was related to identity and represented having established primacy of self-authority. Contrary to theory, participants benefited from continued institutional support.

The purpose of this study is to investigate factors which can influence the emergence of high musical ability during the developmental process of musical talent achievement, comparing students in Seoul (Korea) and those in Sydney (Australia). The main focuses of the investigation concern the comparison of musical giftedness demonstrated in early childhood, the developmental process, and various factors, such as the environmental and intrapersonal, which can affect the emergence of talent, especially in those of different cultural backgrounds. For this purpose, Gagn????s Differentiated Model of Giftedness and Talent (DMGT, Gagn??, 2003) was adopted as an analytical tool for the present study, in particular for empirical research. A total number of 137 students and 88 parents participated in this research. Student participants consisted of two groups: young musicians aged below 10 who show high musical achievements; and teenage students who are musically superior. All students completed a questionnaire, and their parents also completed a questionnaire. Data showed some significant differences between students in the two countries. Three research instruments are employed based on Harnischmacher (1997). SCI (the Self-Concept Scale of Instrumental Abilities), GOP (Goal Orientation of Practice) and EAD (External Action Distraction) were included in the student questionnaire in order to examine intrapersonal catalysts (motivation) which can affect the developmental process of musical talent. A significant difference was found in SCI between countries. Self-concept of student groups in Sydney was significantly higher than that of students in Seoul among all age groups concerning musical abilities. However, there were no significant differences in GOP and EAD between students in Seoul and Sydney. Other differences emerged concerning the role of parents, expenditure on music lessons, time spent on practice, and environmental factors. In particular, cultural milieu was revealed as one of important environmental factors in the present study.